Evaluation and Application of Multi-Source Satellite Rainfall Product CHIRPS to Assess Spatio-Temporal Rainfall Variability on Data-Sparse Western Margins of Ethiopian Highlands
The spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the Beles Basin of Ethiopia is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of data. With recent advances in remote sensing, satellite derived rainfall products have become alternative sources of rainfall data for such poorly gauged areas. The objectives of...
Saved in:
Published in | Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 11; no. 22; p. 2688 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
18.11.2019
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | The spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the Beles Basin of Ethiopia is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of data. With recent advances in remote sensing, satellite derived rainfall products have become alternative sources of rainfall data for such poorly gauged areas. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate a multi-source rainfall product (Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations: CHIRPS) for the Beles Basin using gauge measurements and (ii) to assess the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall across the basin using validated CHIRPS data for the period 1981–2017. Categorical and continuous validation statistics were used to evaluate the performance, and time-space variability of rainfall was analyzed using GIS operations and statistical methods. Results showed a slight overestimation of rainfall occurrence by CHIRPS for the lowland region and underestimation for the highland region. CHIRPS underestimated the proportion of light daily rainfall events and overestimated the proportion of high intensity daily rainfall events. CHIRPS rainfall amount estimates were better in highland regions than in lowland regions, and became more accurate as the duration of the integration time increases from days to months. The annual spatio-temporal analysis result using CHIRPS revealed: a mean annual rainfall of the basin is 1490 mm (1050–2090 mm), a 50 mm increase of mean annual rainfall per 100 m elevation rise, periodical and persistent drought occurrence every 8 to 10 years, a significant increasing trend of rainfall (~5 mm year−1), high rainfall variability observed at the lowland and drier parts of the basin and high coefficient of variation of monthly rainfall in March and April (revealing occurrence of bimodal rainfall characteristics). This study shows that the performance of CHIRPS product can vary spatially within a small basin level, and CHIRPS can help for better decision making in poorly gauged areas by giving an option to understand the space-time variability of rainfall characteristics. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the Beles Basin of Ethiopia is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of data. With recent advances in remote sensing, satellite derived rainfall products have become alternative sources of rainfall data for such poorly gauged areas. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate a multi-source rainfall product (Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations: CHIRPS) for the Beles Basin using gauge measurements and (ii) to assess the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall across the basin using validated CHIRPS data for the period 1981–2017. Categorical and continuous validation statistics were used to evaluate the performance, and time-space variability of rainfall was analyzed using GIS operations and statistical methods. Results showed a slight overestimation of rainfall occurrence by CHIRPS for the lowland region and underestimation for the highland region. CHIRPS underestimated the proportion of light daily rainfall events and overestimated the proportion of high intensity daily rainfall events. CHIRPS rainfall amount estimates were better in highland regions than in lowland regions, and became more accurate as the duration of the integration time increases from days to months. The annual spatio-temporal analysis result using CHIRPS revealed: a mean annual rainfall of the basin is 1490 mm (1050–2090 mm), a 50 mm increase of mean annual rainfall per 100 m elevation rise, periodical and persistent drought occurrence every 8 to 10 years, a significant increasing trend of rainfall (~5 mm year−1), high rainfall variability observed at the lowland and drier parts of the basin and high coefficient of variation of monthly rainfall in March and April (revealing occurrence of bimodal rainfall characteristics). This study shows that the performance of CHIRPS product can vary spatially within a small basin level, and CHIRPS can help for better decision making in poorly gauged areas by giving an option to understand the space-time variability of rainfall characteristics. The spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the Beles Basin of Ethiopia is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of data. With recent advances in remote sensing, satellite derived rainfall products have become alternative sources of rainfall data for such poorly gauged areas. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate a multi-source rainfall product (Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations: CHIRPS) for the Beles Basin using gauge measurements and (ii) to assess the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall across the basin using validated CHIRPS data for the period 1981−2017. Categorical and continuous validation statistics were used to evaluate the performance, and time-space variability of rainfall was analyzed using GIS operations and statistical methods. Results showed a slight overestimation of rainfall occurrence by CHIRPS for the lowland region and underestimation for the highland region. CHIRPS underestimated the proportion of light daily rainfall events and overestimated the proportion of high intensity daily rainfall events. CHIRPS rainfall amount estimates were better in highland regions than in lowland regions, and became more accurate as the duration of the integration time increases from days to months. The annual spatio-temporal analysis result using CHIRPS revealed: a mean annual rainfall of the basin is 1490 mm (1050−2090 mm), a 50 mm increase of mean annual rainfall per 100 m elevation rise, periodical and persistent drought occurrence every 8 to 10 years, a significant increasing trend of rainfall (~5 mm year−1), high rainfall variability observed at the lowland and drier parts of the basin and high coefficient of variation of monthly rainfall in March and April (revealing occurrence of bimodal rainfall characteristics). This study shows that the performance of CHIRPS product can vary spatially within a small basin level, and CHIRPS can help for better decision making in poorly gauged areas by giving an option to understand the space-time variability of rainfall characteristics. |
Author | Dessie, Mekete Nigate, Fenta Moges, Michael M. Adgo, Enyew Griensven, Ann Van Fenta, Ayele Almaw Chen, Margaret Tilahun, Seifu A. Yenehun, Alemu Belay, Ashebir Sewale Nyssen, Jan Walraevens, Kristine |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ashebir Sewale orcidid: 0000-0001-8113-6433 surname: Belay fullname: Belay, Ashebir Sewale – sequence: 2 givenname: Ayele Almaw surname: Fenta fullname: Fenta, Ayele Almaw – sequence: 3 givenname: Alemu surname: Yenehun fullname: Yenehun, Alemu – sequence: 4 givenname: Fenta surname: Nigate fullname: Nigate, Fenta – sequence: 5 givenname: Seifu A. surname: Tilahun fullname: Tilahun, Seifu A. – sequence: 6 givenname: Michael M. surname: Moges fullname: Moges, Michael M. – sequence: 7 givenname: Mekete surname: Dessie fullname: Dessie, Mekete – sequence: 8 givenname: Enyew surname: Adgo fullname: Adgo, Enyew – sequence: 9 givenname: Jan orcidid: 0000-0002-2666-3860 surname: Nyssen fullname: Nyssen, Jan – sequence: 10 givenname: Margaret surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Margaret – sequence: 11 givenname: Ann Van surname: Griensven fullname: Griensven, Ann Van – sequence: 12 givenname: Kristine orcidid: 0000-0002-8116-7376 surname: Walraevens fullname: Walraevens, Kristine |
BookMark | eNpNkcFuEzEQhleoSJTSC09giRvSgu3d7NrHKKQkUiuqpsDRmrVnU0euvdhepD4Wb4hDEGUunrF-f_-M53V15oPHqnrL6IemkfRjTIxxzjshXlTnnPa8brnkZ__lr6rLlA60RNMwSdvz6tf6J7gZsg2egDdkOU3O6lMdRnIzu2zrXZijRrKDjM7ZjOQOrB_BOXIbg5l1JqvN9u52R3Igy5QwJbKbjoz6Hh-nEME9v_gG0cJgC-aJFI9PkKEu4piQfMeUMXpyA3FvfTr6r_ODDZMFTzZ2_-BKh-lN9bKAEl7-PS-qr1fr-9Wmvv7yebtaXte65X2umWT9ou01bQdtxEDNSPWAI0VsmBkk63rZtVwIAUZII01LtRiaXjQSjRyK6qLanrgmwEFN0T5CfFIBrPpzEeJeQcxWO1StAWM41TB2tDWyEwPS0SBCJwE6YIX17sSaYvgxlzHVoXypL-0rvlhQXmyFLKr3J5WOIaWI4z9XRtVxw-p5w81vBbadug |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_22797254_2023_2233686 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16122211 crossref_primary_10_3390_plants13131868 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41976_024_00106_2 crossref_primary_10_2166_wpt_2024_057 crossref_primary_10_3390_geohazards5010005 crossref_primary_10_1515_opag_2022_0105 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_023_04721_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42452_021_04471_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_170425 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00477_022_02346_4 crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_9562601 crossref_primary_10_1002_met_2143 crossref_primary_10_1080_19475705_2024_2359993 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_021_03790_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nhres_2024_01_005 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40899_023_00981_5 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_9323263 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10040_023_02724_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12524_022_01530_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nhres_2024_02_003 crossref_primary_10_1080_14735903_2023_2255450 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_023_04463_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs12101584 crossref_primary_10_29303_jrpb_v11i1_442 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rsase_2023_100994 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12518_024_00554_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2023_129555 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40808_021_01278_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cliser_2021_100277 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_893_1_012057 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wace_2022_100416 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41748_021_00288_5 crossref_primary_10_1080_10106049_2023_2278329 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_024_12722_y crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2023_097 crossref_primary_10_1080_2150704X_2023_2264494 crossref_primary_10_3390_w12010055 crossref_primary_10_2166_nh_2024_192 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40068_020_00216_y crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2024_711 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_021_03731_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_ai2020015 crossref_primary_10_3390_geographies3020020 crossref_primary_10_3390_w14233929 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejss_13060 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejrh_2022_101287 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e27116 crossref_primary_10_3390_hydrology10070154 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2022_244 crossref_primary_10_4236_gep_2020_89010 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12517_022_10666_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_023_04636_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_hydrology9050066 |
Cites_doi | 10.3390/rs8110910 10.1175/JHM-D-12-032.1 10.1007/s11269-006-8773-4 10.1080/01431160600954688 10.1002/hyp.11378 10.1002/joc.860 10.1002/2015GL065765 10.1002/joc.635 10.1007/s00704-018-2712-1 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199808)18:10<1141::AID-JOC286>3.0.CO;2-P 10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200001)20:1<19::AID-JOC449>3.0.CO;2-0 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.011 10.1680/wama.12.00067 10.1080/01431161.2016.1207258 10.3390/hydrology4030039 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.009 10.1016/j.pce.2018.02.010 10.1007/s10113-018-1346-2 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1355 10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0 10.1002/joc.3855 10.1080/02626667.2012.754543 10.1080/00401706.1996.10484553 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.023 10.3390/atmos9090326 10.1175/2009JAMC2298.1 10.1002/joc.1623 10.1175/WCAS-D-12-00022.1 10.1016/S0309-1708(98)00043-8 10.1007/s10040-014-1198-x 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.012 10.1080/01431161.2010.499381 10.1175/2009JAMC2092.1 10.1029/1998WR900018 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.016 10.1002/joc.1481 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.02.006 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.05.015 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135016 10.1007/s00382-016-3421-z 10.3133/ds832 10.1002/met.1283 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.007 10.5194/amt-11-1921-2018 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0111.1 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00594-7 10.3390/w10020120 10.3390/rs5052113 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.06.016 10.1007/s10333-018-0671-x 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.124 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0558:UAOTTG>2.0.CO;2 10.5194/hess-21-1295-2017 10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6 10.2166/wcc.2019.084 10.1175/2011JHM1292.1 10.1002/qj.3244 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.026 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7QF 7QO 7QQ 7QR 7SC 7SE 7SN 7SP 7SR 7TA 7TB 7U5 8BQ 8FD 8FE 8FG ABJCF ABUWG AFKRA ARAPS AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F28 FR3 H8D H8G HCIFZ JG9 JQ2 KR7 L6V L7M L~C L~D M7S P5Z P62 P64 PCBAR PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS DOA |
DOI | 10.3390/rs11222688 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Aluminium Industry Abstracts Biotechnology Research Abstracts Ceramic Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Corrosion Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts Materials Business File Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Database (Proquest) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - current) ProQuest Central Essentials AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database Aerospace Database Copper Technical Reference Library SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3) Materials Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Engineering Database Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Materials Research Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Materials Business File Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Engineered Materials Abstracts Natural Science Collection Chemoreception Abstracts Engineering Collection ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Aluminium Industry Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Electronics & Communications Abstracts Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Technology Collection Ceramic Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Technology Collection Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest Central Aerospace Database Copper Technical Reference Library ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts ProQuest Central Korea Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Civil Engineering Abstracts ProQuest SciTech Collection METADEX Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database Materials Science & Engineering Collection Corrosion Abstracts |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Geography |
EISSN | 2072-4292 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_4dadd20caf604d968be0fdeea69aa6a1 10_3390_rs11222688 |
GeographicLocations | Lake Tana Ethiopia |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Lake Tana – name: Ethiopia |
GroupedDBID | 29P 2WC 5VS 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABJCF ADBBV AENEX AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARAPS BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR CCPQU CITATION E3Z ESX FRP GROUPED_DOAJ HCIFZ I-F KQ8 L6V LK5 M7R M7S MODMG M~E OK1 P62 PCBAR PIMPY PROAC PTHSS RIG TR2 TUS 7QF 7QO 7QQ 7QR 7SC 7SE 7SN 7SP 7SR 7TA 7TB 7U5 8BQ 8FD ABUWG AZQEC C1K DWQXO F28 FR3 H8D H8G JG9 JQ2 KR7 L7M L~C L~D P64 PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-1917547c04bcd8b0df0cbef0ee31db91679642888ad89d9d40c8b37839ed9bee3 |
IEDL.DBID | DOA |
ISSN | 2072-4292 |
IngestDate | Thu Jul 04 21:08:15 EDT 2024 Fri Sep 13 06:36:31 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 04:52:57 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 22 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c427t-1917547c04bcd8b0df0cbef0ee31db91679642888ad89d9d40c8b37839ed9bee3 |
ORCID | 0000-0001-8113-6433 0000-0002-8116-7376 0000-0002-2666-3860 |
OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/4dadd20caf604d968be0fdeea69aa6a1 |
PQID | 2550278389 |
PQPubID | 2032338 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_4dadd20caf604d968be0fdeea69aa6a1 proquest_journals_2550278389 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs11222688 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2019-11-18 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-11-18 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2019 text: 2019-11-18 day: 18 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationPlace | Basel |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
PublicationTitle | Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) |
PublicationYear | 2019 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
References | Hobouchian (ref_18) 2017; 190 Rivera (ref_37) 2018; 212 Frisvold (ref_4) 2013; 5 Ayehu (ref_16) 2018; 11 Kidd (ref_22) 2001; 21 ref_55 Dinku (ref_32) 2018; 114 ref_53 Dinku (ref_20) 2014; 34 Lekula (ref_28) 2018; 105 Fenta (ref_3) 2015; 23 Nyssen (ref_39) 2018; 18 Dinku (ref_14) 2007; 28 ref_17 Ribbe (ref_26) 2018; 213 Gleixnerm (ref_68) 2017; 49 Habib (ref_47) 2002; 41 Rivera (ref_11) 2018; 213 Gummadi (ref_64) 2017; 134 Rientjes (ref_12) 2012; 21 Yue (ref_57) 2002; 259 Iqbal (ref_2) 2018; 201 Ramsey (ref_48) 1996; 38 Diro (ref_62) 2017; 123 ref_25 Suppiah (ref_54) 1998; 18 Cheung (ref_63) 2008; 1734 ref_23 ref_66 Washington (ref_10) 2006; 87 ref_29 Haile (ref_13) 2009; 48 Dessie (ref_41) 2014; 519 Dinku (ref_21) 2011; 32 Billi (ref_5) 2015; 76 Young (ref_24) 2014; 15 Annys (ref_42) 2018; 569 Osman (ref_65) 2002; 1878 Maidment (ref_30) 2013; 20 Ravento (ref_56) 2000; 1469 Bitew (ref_19) 2012; 13 Usman (ref_33) 2018; 260–261 Fenta (ref_35) 2017; 31 Bewket (ref_60) 2007; 27 Maidment (ref_6) 2015; 42 Muthoni (ref_36) 2018; 137 Hirpa (ref_15) 2010; 49 Forkel (ref_58) 2013; 5 ref_34 Clark (ref_40) 2013; 166 Legates (ref_49) 1999; 35 Gao (ref_27) 2018; 212 ref_38 Indeje (ref_67) 2000; 20 Zwart (ref_59) 2016; 37 Fenta (ref_8) 2018; 212 Thiemig (ref_7) 2012; 13 Katsanos (ref_9) 2016; 169 Yasuda (ref_52) 2018; 16 Gebremichael (ref_61) 2004; 109 Nash (ref_50) 1970; 10 ref_44 ref_1 Wagesho (ref_43) 2013; 58 Arora (ref_51) 2006; 20 Ayele (ref_45) 2017; 575 Nauditt (ref_31) 2017; 21 Ciach (ref_46) 1999; 22 |
References_xml | – ident: ref_53 doi: 10.3390/rs8110910 – volume: 13 start-page: 1760 year: 2012 ident: ref_7 article-title: Validation of Satellite-Based Precipitation Products over Sparsely Gauged African River Basins publication-title: J. Hydrometeorol. doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-12-032.1 contributor: fullname: Thiemig – volume: 123 start-page: 162 year: 2017 ident: ref_62 article-title: Evaluation of reanalysis rainfall estimates over Ethiopia publication-title: ASHRAE Trans. contributor: fullname: Diro – volume: 20 start-page: 489 year: 2006 ident: ref_51 article-title: Spatial distribution and seasonal variability of rainfall in a mountainous basin in the Himalayan region publication-title: Water Resour. Manag. doi: 10.1007/s11269-006-8773-4 contributor: fullname: Arora – volume: 28 start-page: 1503 year: 2007 ident: ref_14 article-title: Validation of satellite rainfall products over East Africa’s complex topography publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1080/01431160600954688 contributor: fullname: Dinku – volume: 31 start-page: 4555 year: 2017 ident: ref_35 article-title: Spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall and erosivity in the Eastern Africa region publication-title: Hydrol. Process. doi: 10.1002/hyp.11378 contributor: fullname: Fenta – volume: 1878 start-page: 1861 year: 2002 ident: ref_65 article-title: Southern sudan using elnino—Southern oscillation and southern sudan using el niño–southern oscillation and indian ocean sea surface temperature indices publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.860 contributor: fullname: Osman – volume: 42 start-page: 8155 year: 2015 ident: ref_6 article-title: Recent observed and simulated changes in precipitation over Africa. Geophysical publication-title: Res. Lett. doi: 10.1002/2015GL065765 contributor: fullname: Maidment – volume: 21 start-page: 1041 year: 2001 ident: ref_22 article-title: Satellite rainfall climatology: A review publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.635 contributor: fullname: Kidd – volume: 137 start-page: 1869 year: 2018 ident: ref_36 article-title: Long-term spatial-temporal trends and variability of rainfall over Eastern and Southern Africa publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol. doi: 10.1007/s00704-018-2712-1 contributor: fullname: Muthoni – volume: 18 start-page: 1141 year: 1998 ident: ref_54 article-title: Trends in total rainfall, heavy rain events and number of dry days in Australia, 1910–1990 publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199808)18:10<1141::AID-JOC286>3.0.CO;2-P contributor: fullname: Suppiah – volume: 109 start-page: 1 year: 2004 ident: ref_61 article-title: Characterization of the temporal sampling error in space-time- averaged rainfall estimates from satellites publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. contributor: fullname: Gebremichael – volume: 212 start-page: 1 year: 2018 ident: ref_37 article-title: Diurnal rainfall variability over the Upper Blue Nile Basin: A remote sensing based approach publication-title: Atmos. Res. contributor: fullname: Rivera – ident: ref_34 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3 – ident: ref_1 – volume: 20 start-page: 19 year: 2000 ident: ref_67 article-title: ENSO signals in East African rainfall seasons publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200001)20:1<19::AID-JOC449>3.0.CO;2-0 contributor: fullname: Indeje – volume: 1469 start-page: 1451 year: 2000 ident: ref_56 article-title: Spatial Analysis of Rainfall Trends in the Region of Valencia (East Spain) publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. contributor: fullname: Ravento – ident: ref_23 – volume: 213 start-page: 34 year: 2018 ident: ref_26 article-title: Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates over different regions in Latin-America publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.011 contributor: fullname: Ribbe – volume: 166 start-page: 219 year: 2013 ident: ref_40 article-title: Feasibility studies for irrigation development in Ethiopia publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. doi: 10.1680/wama.12.00067 contributor: fullname: Clark – volume: 37 start-page: 3995 year: 2016 ident: ref_59 article-title: Evaluation and comparison of satellite-based rainfall products in Burkina Faso, West Africa publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2016.1207258 contributor: fullname: Zwart – ident: ref_29 doi: 10.3390/hydrology4030039 – volume: 212 start-page: 43 year: 2018 ident: ref_8 article-title: Evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates over the Lake Tana basin at the source region of the Blue Nile River publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.009 contributor: fullname: Fenta – volume: 134 start-page: 2002 year: 2017 ident: ref_64 article-title: Spatio-temporal variability and trends of precipitation and extreme rainfall events in Ethiopia in 1980–2010 publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol. contributor: fullname: Gummadi – volume: 105 start-page: 84 year: 2018 ident: ref_28 article-title: Validation of satellite-based rainfall in Kalahari publication-title: Phys. Chem. Earth doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2018.02.010 contributor: fullname: Lekula – volume: 18 start-page: 2089 year: 2018 ident: ref_39 article-title: Persistence and changes in the peripheral Beles basin of Ethiopia publication-title: Reg. Environ. Chang. doi: 10.1007/s10113-018-1346-2 contributor: fullname: Nyssen – volume: 87 start-page: 1355 year: 2006 ident: ref_10 article-title: African Climate Change: Taking the Shorter Route publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1355 contributor: fullname: Washington – volume: 76 start-page: 1373 year: 2015 ident: ref_5 article-title: Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: Change in rainfall intensity or human impact? publication-title: Nat. Hazards doi: 10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0 contributor: fullname: Billi – volume: 34 start-page: 2489 year: 2014 ident: ref_20 article-title: Combined use of satellite estimates and rain gauge observations to generate high-quality historical rainfall time series over Ethiopia publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.3855 contributor: fullname: Dinku – volume: 58 start-page: 354 year: 2013 ident: ref_43 article-title: Temporal and spatial variability of annual and seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia publication-title: Hydrol. Sci. J. doi: 10.1080/02626667.2012.754543 contributor: fullname: Wagesho – volume: 38 start-page: 402 year: 1996 ident: ref_48 article-title: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences publication-title: Technometrics doi: 10.1080/00401706.1996.10484553 contributor: fullname: Ramsey – ident: ref_38 – volume: 213 start-page: 437 year: 2018 ident: ref_11 article-title: Validation of CHIRPS precipitation dataset along the Central Andes of Argentina publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.023 contributor: fullname: Rivera – ident: ref_55 doi: 10.3390/atmos9090326 – volume: 49 start-page: 1044 year: 2010 ident: ref_15 article-title: Evaluation of High-Resolution Satellite Precipitation Products over Very Complex Terrain in Ethiopia publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. doi: 10.1175/2009JAMC2298.1 contributor: fullname: Hirpa – volume: 1734 start-page: 1723 year: 2008 ident: ref_63 article-title: Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.1623 contributor: fullname: Cheung – volume: 5 start-page: 55 year: 2013 ident: ref_4 article-title: Use of Weather Information for Agricultural Decision Making publication-title: Weather Clim. Soc. doi: 10.1175/WCAS-D-12-00022.1 contributor: fullname: Frisvold – volume: 22 start-page: 585 year: 1999 ident: ref_46 article-title: On the estimation of radar rainfall error variance publication-title: Adv. Water Resour. doi: 10.1016/S0309-1708(98)00043-8 contributor: fullname: Ciach – volume: 23 start-page: 195 year: 2015 ident: ref_3 article-title: Spatial analysis of groundwater potential using remote sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation in Raya Valley, northern Ethiopia publication-title: Hydrogeol. J. doi: 10.1007/s10040-014-1198-x contributor: fullname: Fenta – volume: 569 start-page: 436 year: 2018 ident: ref_42 article-title: Impacts of the hydropower-controlled Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer on downstream rural livelihoods (northwest Ethiopia) publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.012 contributor: fullname: Annys – volume: 32 start-page: 5965 year: 2011 ident: ref_21 article-title: Challenges of satellite rainfall estimation over mountainous and arid parts of east Africa publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2010.499381 contributor: fullname: Dinku – volume: 48 start-page: 1696 year: 2009 ident: ref_13 article-title: Rainfall variability over mountainous and adjacent lake areas: The case of Lake Tana basin at the source of the Blue Nile River publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. doi: 10.1175/2009JAMC2092.1 contributor: fullname: Haile – volume: 35 start-page: 233 year: 1999 ident: ref_49 article-title: Evaluating the sse of “Goodness of Fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation publication-title: Water Resour. Res. doi: 10.1029/1998WR900018 contributor: fullname: Legates – volume: 212 start-page: 150 year: 2018 ident: ref_27 article-title: Comparison of two long-term and high-resolution satellite precipitation datasets in Xinjiang, China publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.016 contributor: fullname: Gao – volume: 27 start-page: 1467 year: 2007 ident: ref_60 article-title: A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of Ethiopia publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.1481 contributor: fullname: Bewket – volume: 190 start-page: 43 year: 2017 ident: ref_18 article-title: Assessment of satellite precipitation estimates over the slopes of the subtropical Andes publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.02.006 contributor: fullname: Hobouchian – volume: 169 start-page: 459 year: 2016 ident: ref_9 article-title: Validation of a high-resolution precipitation database (CHIRPS) over Cyprus for a 30-year period publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.05.015 contributor: fullname: Katsanos – ident: ref_66 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135016 – volume: 49 start-page: 1865 year: 2017 ident: ref_68 article-title: The El Niño effect on Ethiopian summer rainfall publication-title: Clim. Dyn. doi: 10.1007/s00382-016-3421-z contributor: fullname: Gleixnerm – ident: ref_25 doi: 10.3133/ds832 – volume: 20 start-page: 308 year: 2013 ident: ref_30 article-title: Evaluation of satellite-based and model re-analysis rainfall estimates for Uganda publication-title: Meteorol. Appl. doi: 10.1002/met.1283 contributor: fullname: Maidment – volume: 519 start-page: 699 year: 2014 ident: ref_41 article-title: Effects of the floodplain on river discharge into Lake Tana (Ethiopia) publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.007 contributor: fullname: Dessie – volume: 11 start-page: 1921 year: 2018 ident: ref_16 article-title: Validation of new satellite rainfall products over the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia publication-title: Atmos. Meas. Tech. doi: 10.5194/amt-11-1921-2018 contributor: fullname: Ayehu – volume: 15 start-page: 2347 year: 2014 ident: ref_24 article-title: Investigation of Discrepancies in Satellite Rainfall Estimates over Ethiopia publication-title: J. Hydrometeorol. doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0111.1 contributor: fullname: Young – volume: 259 start-page: 254 year: 2002 ident: ref_57 article-title: Power of the Mann ± Kendall and Spearman’s rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00594-7 contributor: fullname: Yue – ident: ref_44 doi: 10.3390/w10020120 – volume: 5 start-page: 2113 year: 2013 ident: ref_58 article-title: Trend Change detection in NDVI time series: Effects of inter-annual variability and methodology publication-title: Remote Sens. doi: 10.3390/rs5052113 contributor: fullname: Forkel – volume: 260–261 start-page: 273 year: 2018 ident: ref_33 article-title: A spatio-temporal analysis of trends in rainfall from long term satellite rainfall products in the Sudano Sahelian zone of Nigeria publication-title: Agric. For. Meteorol. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.06.016 contributor: fullname: Usman – volume: 16 start-page: 805 year: 2018 ident: ref_52 article-title: Teleconnection of rainfall time series in the central Nile Basin with sea surface temperature publication-title: Paddy Water Environ. doi: 10.1007/s10333-018-0671-x contributor: fullname: Yasuda – volume: 575 start-page: 724 year: 2017 ident: ref_45 article-title: Hydrological responses to land use / cover changes in the source region of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.124 contributor: fullname: Ayele – volume: 41 start-page: 558 year: 2002 ident: ref_47 article-title: Uncertainty Analysis of the TRMM Ground-Validation Radar-Rainfall Products: Application to the TEFLUN-B Field Campaign publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0558:UAOTTG>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Habib – volume: 21 start-page: 1295 year: 2017 ident: ref_31 article-title: Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile publication-title: Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. doi: 10.5194/hess-21-1295-2017 contributor: fullname: Nauditt – volume: 10 start-page: 282 year: 1970 ident: ref_50 article-title: River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I—A discussion of principles publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6 contributor: fullname: Nash – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.2166/wcc.2019.084 – volume: 13 start-page: 338 year: 2012 ident: ref_19 article-title: Evaluation of High-Resolution Satellite Rainfall Products through Streamflow Simulation in a Hydrological Modeling of a Small Mountainous Watershed in Ethiopia publication-title: J. Hydrometeorol. doi: 10.1175/2011JHM1292.1 contributor: fullname: Bitew – volume: 114 start-page: 292 year: 2018 ident: ref_32 article-title: Validation of the CHIRPS satellite rainfall estimates over eastern Africa publication-title: Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. doi: 10.1002/qj.3244 contributor: fullname: Dinku – volume: 21 start-page: 311 year: 2012 ident: ref_12 article-title: Diurnal rainfall variability over the Upper Blue Nile Basin: A remote sensing based approach publication-title: Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. contributor: fullname: Rientjes – volume: 201 start-page: 247 year: 2018 ident: ref_2 article-title: Validation of satellite based precipitation over diverse topography of Pakistan publication-title: Atmos. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.026 contributor: fullname: Iqbal |
SSID | ssj0000331904 |
Score | 2.48711 |
Snippet | The spatio-temporal characteristic of rainfall in the Beles Basin of Ethiopia is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of data. With recent advances in remote... |
SourceID | doaj proquest crossref |
SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database |
StartPage | 2688 |
SubjectTerms | Algorithms Annual rainfall Basins beles basin Climate Coefficient of variation Decision making Developing countries Drought Elevation Environmental hazards Estimates Ground stations LDCs Luminous intensity Mean orography Performance evaluation Precipitation Rain Rainfall rainfall variability Regions Remote sensing remote sensing rainfall Satellites Statistical analysis Statistical methods Time series trend analysis Variability |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection dbid: 8FG link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LjxMxDI6W5QAXxFMUFmQJrlEzbTpNTmhZthQk0Iruwt5GeTiAVM2Udjjsz-IfYmemnQMS15lEOdixP9vxZyFezyYpxaTI-gVMkvyxld5GLxMm9KVzaR443_Hpc7m80h-vZ9dHYrnvheFnlXubmA11bALnyMcEfblIRv517DxnAUI7frP5JXl-FNdZ-2Eat8TtgjnxuGd88f6QbVFTUjWlO37SKcX54-2OkAZhjzxyZfBImbj_H7ucnc3ivrjXo0Q47cT6QBxh_VDc6QeW_7h5JP6cH1i6wdURToc6NDQJclutXOXEPKxcZt1sEbiYk9x6DRcdzyucLT98uVhB20BX_IVVfmAtLzvCqvWw4yvF1B2l9w3QGe9c6yQt3u4QvnVkC8Azc3_WOz6fX9E3G9I84HckuZ34sbhanF-eLWU_fUEGPZm3kgO5mZ4HpX2IxiuSaPCYFOK0iN5y-YZjF2NcNDbaqFUwfkoSshitp1VPxHHd1PhUAME8n5BCMYIvmlTDmFjOaEfEoAos9Ui82kug2nQkGxUFJyynapDTSLxl4RxWMDF2_tBsv1f9Pat0JIM9UcGlUuloS-NRpYjoSutc6YqRONmLtupv664adOvZ_38_F3cJMFnuRSzMiThut7_xBYGS1r_M-vYXl4LoBA priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
Title | Evaluation and Application of Multi-Source Satellite Rainfall Product CHIRPS to Assess Spatio-Temporal Rainfall Variability on Data-Sparse Western Margins of Ethiopian Highlands |
URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550278389/abstract/ https://doaj.org/article/4dadd20caf604d968be0fdeea69aa6a1 |
Volume | 11 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LTxsxELYKPcAFtQVECkQjtVcLJ_Fu7COPpGmloojwuq38GItKUYKS5ZCfxT_s2F4IEodeel3ZsrUztr_PM_6Gse9FNwQfBO1-DgOn81hzq73lAQPa0pjQd_G-4_dlObqRv-6L-zelvmJOWJYHzj_uRHpagV3hTCiF9LpUFkXwiKbUxpQmE59O8YZMpT24R64lZNYj7RGvP1ksCVkQ1kglVtYnUBLqf7cPp8Nl-IntNKgQTvNsPrMPOPvCtpoC5Q-rXfY8eFXlBuL-cLqOO8M8QHpGyyfpIh4mJqls1ggxeBPMdArjrOsK56OfV-MJ1HPIwV6YpIRqfp0FqqbrHrfEobOE9wpojAtTG06NF0uEuyyuALFG7p_ZMo4fs-bnj-RpEPNG0vPhPXYzHFyfj3hTbYE72e3XPBK3QvadkNZ5ZQVZ0FkMArHX8VbHcE3kKkoZr7TXXgqnbK9PAAu9ttRqn23O5jM8YECwzgYk6kVwRZIrKOXLgnp4dKKDpWyxby8WqB6zqEZFZCTaqVrbqcXOonFeW0Qh7PSB3KNq3KP6l3u02NGLaatmdS4rolEx4EpY7ev_GOOQbROM0vGFYkcdsc168YTHBFVq22YbavijzT6eDS7HV-3ko38B21Dxew |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,2115,12792,21416,27957,27958,33408,33779,43635,43840,74392,74659 |
linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LbxMxELYgPZQL4ikCpbUEV6tO1tnYJ9RHqrS0UdSk0NvKj3FBinZDdjn0Z_EPGXud7AGJ664tH77xvP0NIZ9HQ--d56j9LHiG9lgxo5xhHjyYXGs_tiHfcTPLp3fi6n50nxJudWqr3OrEqKhdZUOO_Bhd31AkQ_v6Zf2LhalRobqaRmg8JXsiw1ClR_ZOJ7P57S7LwjMUMS5aXtIM4_vjTY0eBvoccdRKZ4kiYf8_-jgamYsX5HnyDulJC-dL8gTKV2Q_DSr_8fia_Jns2LmpLh096erPtPI0Pqdli5iQpwsd2TYboKGI4_VqRectvys9m17ezhe0qWhb9KWL2FjNli1R1arb8Q1j6ZbK-5HiGee60QwXb2qg31uSBRpm5f4s63B-6J6v1ihxNPSPxGfEb8jdxWR5NmVp6gKzYjhuWAjgRmJsuTDWScMRSWvAc4Bs4IwKZZsQs0ipnVROOcGtNBkio8Apg6vekl5ZlfCOUHTvjAcMwdBtESgSUrp8hDscWD6AXPTJpy0Cxbol1ygwKAk4FR1OfXIawNmtCITY8UO1eSjS_SqEQ0U95Fb7nAuncmmAewegc6V1rgd9crCFtki3tC46mXr__99HZH-6vLkuri9nXz-QZ-g0qfAecSAPSK_Z_IaP6Jg05jBJ31956uiY |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LbxMxELagSMAF8RSBApbgasVJnI19QqVtSHlUEWmht5UfY0CKdkN2OfRn8Q-Z8TrZAxLXXVs-zHjmm4e_YezNdBxjiBKtn4co0B8b4UxwIkIEV1gbZ57yHZ_Pi8Wl-nA1vcr9T01uq9zZxGSoQ-0pRz5E6EtFMvSvw5jbIpYn87ebX4ImSFGlNY_TuMluEcimaQZ6_n6fb5ETVDapOobSCUb6w22DWAPRRxq60vukRN3_j2VO7mZ-n93LOJEfdYJ9wG5A9ZDdySPLf1w_Yn9O9zzd3FaBH_WVaF5Hnh7WilVKzfOVTbybLXAq50S7XvNlx_TKjxdnX5Yr3ta8K__yVWqxFhcdZdW63_EVo-qO1Pua4xkntrUCF28b4N86ugVOU3N_Vg2dT3309QZ1j1MnSXpQ_Jhdzk8vjhciz18QXo1nraBQbqpmXirng3YSZeodRAkwGQVnqIBD0YvWNmgTTFDSazdBGRkIxuGqJ-ygqit4yjgCPRcBgzEEMAqVQ-tQTHFHAC9HUKgBe72TQLnpaDZKDE9ITmUvpwF7R8LZryBq7PSh3n4v800rVUCTPZbexkKqYArtQMYAYAtjbWFHA3a4E22Z72tT9tr17P-_X7HbqHblp7Pzj8_ZXURPhh4mjvQhO2i3v-EFIpTWvUyq9xcYuutn |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+Application+of+Multi-Source+Satellite+Rainfall+Product+CHIRPS+to+Assess+Spatio-Temporal+Rainfall+Variability+on+Data-Sparse+Western+Margins+of+Ethiopian+Highlands&rft.jtitle=Remote+sensing+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Ashebir+Sewale+Belay&rft.au=Ayele+Almaw+Fenta&rft.au=Alemu+Yenehun&rft.au=Fenta+Nigate&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2072-4292&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2688&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Frs11222688&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_4dadd20caf604d968be0fdeea69aa6a1 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2072-4292&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2072-4292&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2072-4292&client=summon |