Impact behaviour of 3D printed cellular structures for mouthguard applications
Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is the most popular material for manufacturing mouthguards. However, EVA mouthguards are problematic, for example inconsistent thicknesses across the mouthguard. Additive manufacturing provides a promising solution to this problem, as it can manufacture mouthguards with...
Saved in:
| Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 4020 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
07.03.2022
Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is the most popular material for manufacturing mouthguards. However, EVA mouthguards are problematic, for example inconsistent thicknesses across the mouthguard. Additive manufacturing provides a promising solution to this problem, as it can manufacture mouthguards with a greater precision. This paper compares the energy dissipation of EVA, the current material used for mouthguards, to various designs of a 3D printed material, some of which contain air cells. Impact testing was carried out at three different strain rates. The Split-Hopkinson bar was used for medium and high strain rate tests, and an Instron test rig was used for low strain rate testing. The best performing design dissipated 25% more energy than EVA in the medium and high strain rate testing respectively while the low strain rate testing was inconclusive. This research has shown that additive manufacturing provides a viable method of manufacturing mouthguards. This opens up the opportunity for embedding electronics/sensors into additive manufactured mouthguards. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is the most popular material for manufacturing mouthguards. However, EVA mouthguards are problematic, for example inconsistent thicknesses across the mouthguard. Additive manufacturing provides a promising solution to this problem, as it can manufacture mouthguards with a greater precision. This paper compares the energy dissipation of EVA, the current material used for mouthguards, to various designs of a 3D printed material, some of which contain air cells. Impact testing was carried out at three different strain rates. The Split-Hopkinson bar was used for medium and high strain rate tests, and an Instron test rig was used for low strain rate testing. The best performing design dissipated 25% more energy than EVA in the medium and high strain rate testing respectively while the low strain rate testing was inconclusive. This research has shown that additive manufacturing provides a viable method of manufacturing mouthguards. This opens up the opportunity for embedding electronics/sensors into additive manufactured mouthguards. Abstract Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is the most popular material for manufacturing mouthguards. However, EVA mouthguards are problematic, for example inconsistent thicknesses across the mouthguard. Additive manufacturing provides a promising solution to this problem, as it can manufacture mouthguards with a greater precision. This paper compares the energy dissipation of EVA, the current material used for mouthguards, to various designs of a 3D printed material, some of which contain air cells. Impact testing was carried out at three different strain rates. The Split-Hopkinson bar was used for medium and high strain rate tests, and an Instron test rig was used for low strain rate testing. The best performing design dissipated 25% more energy than EVA in the medium and high strain rate testing respectively while the low strain rate testing was inconclusive. This research has shown that additive manufacturing provides a viable method of manufacturing mouthguards. This opens up the opportunity for embedding electronics/sensors into additive manufactured mouthguards. |
| ArticleNumber | 4020 |
| Author | Petrinic, Nik Saunders, John Townsend, David Lißner, Maria Bergmann, Jeroen |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: John surname: Saunders fullname: Saunders, John organization: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria surname: Lißner fullname: Lißner, Maria email: maria.lissner@eng.ox.ac.uk organization: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford – sequence: 3 givenname: David surname: Townsend fullname: Townsend, David organization: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford – sequence: 4 givenname: Nik surname: Petrinic fullname: Petrinic, Nik organization: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford – sequence: 5 givenname: Jeroen surname: Bergmann fullname: Bergmann, Jeroen organization: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35256721$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kUtv1DAURi1UREvpH2CBsmQT8DOON0iovEaqYANr68a-nskoiYOdVOLf42lK1W7wxpb93eNrn5fkbIoTEvKa0XeMivZ9lkyZtqac17SlrK3ZM3LBqVQ1F5yfPVqfk6ucj7QMxY1k5gU5F4qrRnN2Qb7vxhncUnV4gNs-rqmKoRKfqjn104K-cjgM6wCpykta3bImzFWIqRrjuhz2KyRfwTwPvYOlj1N-RZ4HGDJe3c-X5NeXzz-vv9U3P77urj_e1E5yzWoOrtGATaPbYEAJCLw1PHikoEBpg52XFLuWqS74AFKBo0pwkLQpj-6kuCS7jesjHG1pdoT0x0bo7d1GTHsLaendgBYZovGu0yF4aSSYTjDdBK5BNtp7LKwPG2teuxG9w2lJMDyBPj2Z-oPdx1vbGsoa0xTA23tAir9XzIsd-3z6OJgwrtnyRmjBVNueonyLuhRzThgermHUnrzazastXu2dV8tK0ZvHDT6U_LNYAmIL5JO2PSZ7LCanIuB_2L_ztbHg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_edt_12809 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matdes_2023_112371 crossref_primary_10_1111_edt_12968 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e34294 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym15040898 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym14245369 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matlet_2023_135823 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.002 10.1503/cmaj.051351 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00692.x 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.180103.x 10.1007/BF02363071 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.11.020 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.365 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808485 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2001.170604.x 10.4085/1062-6050.52.2.05 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00831.x 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00436.x 10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00247.x 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.09.013 10.14219/jada.archive.1974.0354 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00234.x 10.1093/biohorizons/hzu011 10.1007/s10439-019-02267-4 10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90045-1 10.2165/00007256-200737020-00003 10.1136/bjsm.36.1.51 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.016 10.1088/0370-1301/62/11/302 10.1136/ip.2004.006882 10.1007/978-3-319-94000-7_29 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2022 2022. The Author(s). |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2022 – notice: 2022. The Author(s). |
| DBID | C6C CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-022-08018-1 |
| DatabaseName | Springer Nature OA Free Journals Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: C6C name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals url: http://www.springeropen.com/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 2 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 3 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 2045-2322 |
| EndPage | 4020 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_e1ee9dcb7ffd494a9b3176f27a467dde 10_1038_s41598_022_08018_1 35256721 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 3V. 4.4 53G 5VS 7X7 88A 88E 88I 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AAKDD ABDBF ABUWG ACGFS ACSMW ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AFKRA AJTQC ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU DIK DWQXO EBD EBLON EBS ESX FYUFA GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HH5 HMCUK HYE KQ8 LK8 M0L M1P M2P M48 M7P M~E NAO OK1 PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RIG RNT RNTTT RPM SNYQT UKHRP CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 5PM AFPKN |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4271-2ac67ae6678f9a53af2892fde0a5a579ebd40eb815bfdfa45ac0532a406598b43 |
| IEDL.DBID | RPM |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 22 15:16:38 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 21:12:43 EDT 2024 Wed Dec 04 08:56:44 EST 2024 Fri Dec 06 02:19:40 EST 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:42:14 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 11 20:45:16 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | 2022. The Author(s). Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4271-2ac67ae6678f9a53af2892fde0a5a579ebd40eb815bfdfa45ac0532a406598b43 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8901696/ |
| PMID | 35256721 |
| PQID | 2637315886 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 1 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_e1ee9dcb7ffd494a9b3176f27a467dde pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8901696 proquest_miscellaneous_2637315886 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_08018_1 pubmed_primary_35256721 springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_022_08018_1 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 3-7-2022 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-03-07 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2022 text: 3-7-2022 day: 07 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Scientific reports |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Sci Rep |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Sci Rep |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Portfolio |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Nature Publishing Group UK – name: Nature Portfolio |
| References | Finch, Braham, McIntosh, McCrory, Wolfe (CR10) 2005; 11 Westerman, Stringfellow, Eccleston (CR28) 2002; 18 Kolsky (CR32) 1949; 62 O’Connor, Rowson, Duma, Broglio (CR17) 2017; 52 Parker, Marlow, Patel, Gill (CR8) 2017; 222 Jagger, Milward, Waters (CR27) 2000; 13 CR14 CR13 Reed (CR11) 1994; 176 Going, Loehman, Chan (CR23) 1974; 89 Bastone, Freer, McNamara (CR3) 2000; 45 Takeda, Ishigami, Ogawa, Nakajima, Shibusawa, Shimada, Wayne-Regner (CR21) 2004; 20 Dhillon, Sood, Sood, Sah, Arora, Mahendra (CR4) 2014; 6 Loehman, Chan, Going (CR7) 1975; 3 Tran, Cooke, Newsome (CR22) 2001; 17 Wang, Jiang, Zhou, Gou, Hui (CR30) 2017; 110 Auroy, Duchatelard, Zmantar, Hennequin (CR26) 1996; 74 Sagias, Giannakopoulos, Stergiou (CR31) 2018; 10 Gawlak, Mańka-Malara, Mierzwińska-Nastalska, Waśniewski, Ryszkowska (CR9) 2015; 52 Davies, Ye, Bergmann (CR16) 2019; 792 Westerman, Stringfellow, Eccleston (CR19) 2002; 36 Higgins, Halstead, Snyder-Mackler, Barlow (CR15) 2007; 42 Nishigawa, Bando, Nakano (CR6) 2001; 28 Bridgman, Kwong, Bergmann (CR18) 2019; 47 Farrington, Onambele-Pearson, Taylor, Earl, Winwood (CR12) 2012; 50 Craig, Godwin (CR24) 2002; 29 Warburton, Nicol, Bredin (CR1) 2006; 174 Knapik, Marshall, Lee, Darakjy, Jones, Mitchener (CR2) 2007; 37 Dizon, Espera, Chen, Advincula (CR29) 2018; 20 Wilkinson, Powers (CR25) 1986; 89 Booth, Djavadkhani, Marshall (CR5) 2014; 7 Del Rossi, Leyte-Vidal (CR20) 2007; 23 Sood, Ohdar, Mahapatra (CR33) 2010; 31 H Bridgman (8018_CR18) 2019; 47 EE Wilkinson (8018_CR25) 1986; 89 H Kolsky (8018_CR32) 1949; 62 K Parker (8018_CR8) 2017; 222 D Gawlak (8018_CR9) 2015; 52 M Higgins (8018_CR15) 2007; 42 W Davies (8018_CR16) 2019; 792 R Jagger (8018_CR27) 2000; 13 AJ Booth (8018_CR5) 2014; 7 8018_CR14 8018_CR13 JJ Knapik (8018_CR2) 2007; 37 JRC Dizon (8018_CR29) 2018; 20 G Del Rossi (8018_CR20) 2007; 23 K Nishigawa (8018_CR6) 2001; 28 T Takeda (8018_CR21) 2004; 20 X Wang (8018_CR30) 2017; 110 DER Warburton (8018_CR1) 2006; 174 BS Dhillon (8018_CR4) 2014; 6 P Auroy (8018_CR26) 1996; 74 AK Sood (8018_CR33) 2010; 31 D Tran (8018_CR22) 2001; 17 T Farrington (8018_CR12) 2012; 50 KL O’Connor (8018_CR17) 2017; 52 VD Sagias (8018_CR31) 2018; 10 RE Going (8018_CR23) 1974; 89 B Westerman (8018_CR28) 2002; 18 RV Reed (8018_CR11) 1994; 176 RE Loehman (8018_CR7) 1975; 3 B Westerman (8018_CR19) 2002; 36 EB Bastone (8018_CR3) 2000; 45 C Finch (8018_CR10) 2005; 11 RG Craig (8018_CR24) 2002; 29 |
| References_xml | – volume: 20 start-page: 44 year: 2018 end-page: 67 ident: CR29 article-title: Mechanical characterization of 3D-printed polymers publication-title: Addit. Manufact. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.002 contributor: fullname: Advincula – volume: 174 start-page: 801 issue: 6 year: 2006 end-page: 9 ident: CR1 article-title: Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence publication-title: CMAJ doi: 10.1503/cmaj.051351 contributor: fullname: Bredin – volume: 28 start-page: 485 issue: 5 year: 2001 end-page: 91 ident: CR6 article-title: Quantitative study of bite force during sleep associated bruxism publication-title: J. Oral Rehabil. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00692.x contributor: fullname: Nakano – ident: CR14 – volume: 792 start-page: 285 year: 2019 end-page: 93 ident: CR16 article-title: Unobtrusive bioanalytics for impact-related sport activities publication-title: Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput. contributor: fullname: Bergmann – volume: 18 start-page: 24 issue: 1 year: 2002 end-page: 7 ident: CR28 article-title: EVA mouthguards: How thick should they be? publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.180103.x contributor: fullname: Eccleston – volume: 3 start-page: 199 issue: 2 year: 1975 end-page: 208 ident: CR7 article-title: Optimization of materials for a user-formed mouthguard publication-title: Ann. Biomed. Eng. doi: 10.1007/BF02363071 contributor: fullname: Going – volume: 50 start-page: 233 issue: 3 year: 2012 end-page: 8 ident: CR12 article-title: A review of facial protective equipment use in sport and the impact on injury incidence publication-title: Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.11.020 contributor: fullname: Winwood – volume: 222 start-page: 629 issue: 8 year: 2017 end-page: 33 ident: CR8 article-title: A review of mouthguards: Effectiveness, types, characteristics and indications for use publication-title: Br. Dent. J. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.365 contributor: fullname: Gill – volume: 176 start-page: 478 issue: 12 year: 1994 end-page: 80 ident: CR11 article-title: Origin and early history of the dental mouthpiece publication-title: Br. Dent. J. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808485 contributor: fullname: Reed – volume: 42 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2007 end-page: 10 ident: CR15 article-title: Measurement of impact acceleration: Mouthpiece accelerometer versus helmet accelerometer publication-title: J. Athl. Train. contributor: fullname: Barlow – volume: 13 start-page: 416 issue: 5 year: 2000 end-page: 9 ident: CR27 article-title: Properties of an experimental mouthguard material publication-title: Int. J. Prosthodont. contributor: fullname: Waters – volume: 6 start-page: 104 issue: 4 year: 2014 end-page: 7 ident: CR4 article-title: Guarding the precious smile: Incidence and prevention of injury in sports: A review publication-title: J. Int. Oral Health contributor: fullname: Mahendra – volume: 17 start-page: 260 issue: 6 year: 2001 end-page: 5 ident: CR22 article-title: Laboratory evaluation of mouthguard material publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2001.170604.x contributor: fullname: Newsome – volume: 52 start-page: 206 issue: 3 year: 2017 end-page: 27 ident: CR17 article-title: Head-impact-measurement devices: A systematic review publication-title: J. Athletic Train. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050.52.2.05 contributor: fullname: Broglio – volume: 29 start-page: 146 issue: 2 year: 2002 end-page: 50 ident: CR24 article-title: Properties of athletic mouth protectors and materials publication-title: J. Oral Rehabil. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00831.x contributor: fullname: Godwin – volume: 23 start-page: 149 issue: 3 year: 2007 end-page: 54 ident: CR20 article-title: Fabricating a better mouthguard. Part I: Factors influencing mouthguard thinning publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00436.x contributor: fullname: Leyte-Vidal – volume: 20 start-page: 150 issue: 3 year: 2004 end-page: 6 ident: CR21 article-title: Are all mouthguards the same and safe to use? The influence of occlusal supporting mouthguards in decreasing bone distortion and fractures publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00247.x contributor: fullname: Wayne-Regner – volume: 10 start-page: 85 year: 2018 end-page: 90 ident: CR31 article-title: Mechanical properties of 3D printed polymer specimens publication-title: Procedia Struct. Integr. doi: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.09.013 contributor: fullname: Stergiou – volume: 89 start-page: 132 issue: 1 year: 1974 end-page: 8 ident: CR23 article-title: Mouthguard materials: Their physical and mechanical properties publication-title: J. Am. Dent. Assoc. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1974.0354 contributor: fullname: Chan – volume: 45 start-page: 2 issue: 1 year: 2000 end-page: 9 ident: CR3 article-title: Epidemiology of dental trauma: A review of the literature publication-title: Aust. Dental J. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00234.x contributor: fullname: McNamara – volume: 7 start-page: hzu011 year: 2014 ident: CR5 article-title: A critical review of the treatment options available for obstructive sleep apnoea: An overview of the current literature available on treatment methods for obstructive sleep apnoea and future research directions publication-title: Biosci. Horizons doi: 10.1093/biohorizons/hzu011 contributor: fullname: Marshall – volume: 47 start-page: 1725 issue: 8 year: 2019 end-page: 37 ident: CR18 article-title: Mechanical safety of embedded electronics for in-body wearables: A smart mouthguard study publication-title: Ann. Biomed. Eng. doi: 10.1007/s10439-019-02267-4 contributor: fullname: Bergmann – volume: 74 start-page: 463 issue: 4 year: 1996 end-page: 71 ident: CR26 article-title: Hardness and shock absorption of silicone rubber for mouth guards publication-title: J. Prosthet. Dent. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90045-1 contributor: fullname: Hennequin – ident: CR13 – volume: 52 start-page: 78 issue: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 85 ident: CR9 article-title: Comparison of the hardness, energy absorption and water absorbability of polymeric materials used in the manufacture of mouthguards publication-title: Dental Med. Probl. contributor: fullname: Ryszkowska – volume: 37 start-page: 17 issue: 2 year: 2007 end-page: 144 ident: CR2 article-title: Mouthguards in sport activities: History, physical properties and injury prevention effectiveness publication-title: Sports Med. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737020-00003 contributor: fullname: Mitchener – volume: 89 start-page: 132 issue: 1 year: 1986 end-page: 8 ident: CR25 article-title: Properties of custom-made mouth-protector materials publication-title: Phys. Sportsmed. contributor: fullname: Powers – volume: 36 start-page: 51 issue: 1 year: 2002 end-page: 3 ident: CR19 article-title: Beneficial effects of air inclusions on the performance of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material publication-title: Br. J. Sports Med. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.1.51 contributor: fullname: Eccleston – volume: 110 start-page: 442 year: 2017 end-page: 58 ident: CR30 article-title: 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective publication-title: Compos. Part B Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034 contributor: fullname: Hui – volume: 31 start-page: 287 issue: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 95 ident: CR33 article-title: Parametric appraisal of mechanical property of fused deposition modelling processed parts publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.016 contributor: fullname: Mahapatra – volume: 62 start-page: 676 issue: 11 year: 1949 ident: CR32 article-title: An investigation of the mechanical properties of materials at very high rates of loading publication-title: Proc. Phys. Soc. Sect. B doi: 10.1088/0370-1301/62/11/302 contributor: fullname: Kolsky – volume: 11 start-page: 242 issue: 4 year: 2005 end-page: 6 ident: CR10 article-title: Should football players wear custom fitted mouthguards? Results from a group randomised controlled trial publication-title: Inj. Prev. doi: 10.1136/ip.2004.006882 contributor: fullname: Wolfe – volume: 62 start-page: 676 issue: 11 year: 1949 ident: 8018_CR32 publication-title: Proc. Phys. Soc. Sect. B doi: 10.1088/0370-1301/62/11/302 contributor: fullname: H Kolsky – volume: 3 start-page: 199 issue: 2 year: 1975 ident: 8018_CR7 publication-title: Ann. Biomed. Eng. doi: 10.1007/BF02363071 contributor: fullname: RE Loehman – volume: 17 start-page: 260 issue: 6 year: 2001 ident: 8018_CR22 publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2001.170604.x contributor: fullname: D Tran – volume: 11 start-page: 242 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 8018_CR10 publication-title: Inj. Prev. doi: 10.1136/ip.2004.006882 contributor: fullname: C Finch – volume: 20 start-page: 150 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: 8018_CR21 publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00247.x contributor: fullname: T Takeda – volume: 10 start-page: 85 year: 2018 ident: 8018_CR31 publication-title: Procedia Struct. Integr. doi: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.09.013 contributor: fullname: VD Sagias – ident: 8018_CR14 – volume: 20 start-page: 44 year: 2018 ident: 8018_CR29 publication-title: Addit. Manufact. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.002 contributor: fullname: JRC Dizon – volume: 31 start-page: 287 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 8018_CR33 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.016 contributor: fullname: AK Sood – volume: 47 start-page: 1725 issue: 8 year: 2019 ident: 8018_CR18 publication-title: Ann. Biomed. Eng. doi: 10.1007/s10439-019-02267-4 contributor: fullname: H Bridgman – volume: 50 start-page: 233 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: 8018_CR12 publication-title: Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.11.020 contributor: fullname: T Farrington – volume: 28 start-page: 485 issue: 5 year: 2001 ident: 8018_CR6 publication-title: J. Oral Rehabil. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00692.x contributor: fullname: K Nishigawa – volume: 74 start-page: 463 issue: 4 year: 1996 ident: 8018_CR26 publication-title: J. Prosthet. Dent. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90045-1 contributor: fullname: P Auroy – volume: 89 start-page: 132 issue: 1 year: 1986 ident: 8018_CR25 publication-title: Phys. Sportsmed. contributor: fullname: EE Wilkinson – volume: 89 start-page: 132 issue: 1 year: 1974 ident: 8018_CR23 publication-title: J. Am. Dent. Assoc. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1974.0354 contributor: fullname: RE Going – volume: 13 start-page: 416 issue: 5 year: 2000 ident: 8018_CR27 publication-title: Int. J. Prosthodont. contributor: fullname: R Jagger – volume: 52 start-page: 78 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 8018_CR9 publication-title: Dental Med. Probl. contributor: fullname: D Gawlak – volume: 45 start-page: 2 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: 8018_CR3 publication-title: Aust. Dental J. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00234.x contributor: fullname: EB Bastone – volume: 7 start-page: hzu011 year: 2014 ident: 8018_CR5 publication-title: Biosci. Horizons doi: 10.1093/biohorizons/hzu011 contributor: fullname: AJ Booth – volume: 42 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 8018_CR15 publication-title: J. Athl. Train. contributor: fullname: M Higgins – volume: 792 start-page: 285 year: 2019 ident: 8018_CR16 publication-title: Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-94000-7_29 contributor: fullname: W Davies – volume: 29 start-page: 146 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 8018_CR24 publication-title: J. Oral Rehabil. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00831.x contributor: fullname: RG Craig – volume: 36 start-page: 51 issue: 1 year: 2002 ident: 8018_CR19 publication-title: Br. J. Sports Med. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.1.51 contributor: fullname: B Westerman – volume: 52 start-page: 206 issue: 3 year: 2017 ident: 8018_CR17 publication-title: J. Athletic Train. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050.52.2.05 contributor: fullname: KL O’Connor – volume: 18 start-page: 24 issue: 1 year: 2002 ident: 8018_CR28 publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.180103.x contributor: fullname: B Westerman – ident: 8018_CR13 – volume: 174 start-page: 801 issue: 6 year: 2006 ident: 8018_CR1 publication-title: CMAJ doi: 10.1503/cmaj.051351 contributor: fullname: DER Warburton – volume: 222 start-page: 629 issue: 8 year: 2017 ident: 8018_CR8 publication-title: Br. Dent. J. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.365 contributor: fullname: K Parker – volume: 6 start-page: 104 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 8018_CR4 publication-title: J. Int. Oral Health contributor: fullname: BS Dhillon – volume: 176 start-page: 478 issue: 12 year: 1994 ident: 8018_CR11 publication-title: Br. Dent. J. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808485 contributor: fullname: RV Reed – volume: 37 start-page: 17 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 8018_CR2 publication-title: Sports Med. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737020-00003 contributor: fullname: JJ Knapik – volume: 23 start-page: 149 issue: 3 year: 2007 ident: 8018_CR20 publication-title: Dent. Traumatol. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00436.x contributor: fullname: G Del Rossi – volume: 110 start-page: 442 year: 2017 ident: 8018_CR30 publication-title: Compos. Part B Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034 contributor: fullname: X Wang |
| SSID | ssj0000529419 |
| Score | 2.4175239 |
| Snippet | Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is the most popular material for manufacturing mouthguards. However, EVA mouthguards are problematic, for example inconsistent... Abstract Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is the most popular material for manufacturing mouthguards. However, EVA mouthguards are problematic, for example... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref pubmed springer |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 4020 |
| SubjectTerms | 639/166 639/301 Equipment Design Humanities and Social Sciences Materials Testing Mouth Protectors multidisciplinary Printing, Three-Dimensional Science Science (multidisciplinary) |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV07b9swECaCAAGyBE2atsoLLJAtESzxzTEvwy0QTzHgjSAlsu1QOYjjIf8-R1I27LRol6ySQFH30H3HI79D6LzhgineihISNVYy3UpwKcHLygve6AAYw8algfuxGE3Y9ymfrrX6invCMj1wFtzA197rtnEyhJZpZrWDiCcCkRZcHHwz_X0rspZMZVZvolmt-1MyFVWDOUSqeJoMci8ASTWkThuRKBH2_w1l_rlZ8k3FNAWi4Qe01yNIfJVnvo-2fHeAdnJPyZePaPwtnXvE_fn7xROeBUxvcRwN0CWOK_Vx6ynOzLELSLcxAFf8O_bS-xENBq8XtQ_RZHj3cDMq-6YJZcOIrEtiGyGtFxCEgrac2gApFQmtryy3XGrvWlZ5p2ruQhss47aJzSEsiwVW5Rj9hLa7Wee_INzy4CI8aagCEMC5I4pDPiurUMGAVBXoYilA85i5MUyqaVNlsrgNiNskcZu6QNdRxqsnI691ugDaNr22zf-0XaCvSw0Z8IMoMtv52WJuiKCS1lwpUaDPWWOrV0XKVwGpboHkhi435rJ5p_v1M3FtKx3pamDMy6XWTe_k839869F7fOsx2iXJXGlZyRO0DVbhTwEBPbuzZOyvcTMDyA priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1bi9UwEB7WFcEX8W69EcE3rba550HE27IKu08e2LeQtMkqaI-e4wH33zuTtotHD4KvbZmmM5PON0nmG4DHndLSql7XmKjJWrre4JTSqm6SVp3LiDECLQ0cHevDhfxwok72YG53NClwvTO1o35Si9WXZz-_n73ECf9iLBm3z9cYhKhQDNMqxD8tZkUX4CLHyEhHvI4muD9yfXMnS68PImGvEUzwqY5mt5itWFUo_Xfh0L-PU_6xp1pC1cFVuDJhTPZqdIprsJeG63Bp7Dp5dgOO35fKSDZV6G9WbJmZeMtIGuJPRmv5dDiVjdyyG0zIGUJb9pW67Z2SS7Hft71vwuLg3cc3h_XUVqHuJDdtzUOnTUgaw1R2QYmQMeniuU9NUEEZl2IvmxRtq2Luc5AqdNQ-IkjagrVRiluwPyyHdAdYr3IkANMJizBBqcitwozXNLlBgcJW8GRWoP82smf4sustrB_V7VHdvqjbtxW8Jh2fP0nM1-XCcnXqp4nkU5uS67tocu6lk8FFREA6cxNwHPivruDRbCGPM4VUFoa03Kw918KIVlmrK7g9Wuz8VUQKqzEZrsBs2XJrLNt3hs-fChu3dURogzKfzlb3sxf_41vv_pdm7sFlXvxS1I25D_to_vQAwdCP-LB4-C_3DAJZ priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal – databaseName: Springer Nature OA Free Journals dbid: C6C link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3PT9VAEJ4oxsQLEREoilkSbtDYdn8f9SlBEzlBwm2z2-4qB_oIj3fwv2dm2_dikZh4bbfb7cxs55udnW8BjlqphJGdKjFQE6WwncYppWRZRSVbmxBjeFoa-HGuzi7F9yt5NdLkUC3MJH_PzccFOhgqAsOQCbFNjRHPc3iBPliTNc_UbL2eQhkrUduxLubpRye-J1P0P4Ur_94e-ShHml3P6WvYHDEj-zQoeQuexf4NvBxOkfy9DeffcqUjGyvul3dsnhj_wqg3xJOM1uZpsykbuGKXGGAzhKrshk7P-0kmwv5MY7-Fy9OvF7OzcjwmoWxFo-uy8a3SPip0O8l6yX3CIKpJXay89FLbGDpRxWBqGVKXvJC-peMgvKCUqgmC78BGP-_jHrBOpkCApOUG3b6UoTESI1hdpQo75KaA45UA3e3AhuFyFpsbN4jbobhdFrerC_hMMl63JCbrfAEV7MaJ4WIdo-3aoFPqhBXeBkQ0KjXa4zjw31vA4UpDDi2fROb7OF8uXKO45rU0RhWwO2hs_SoieVUY3BagJ7qcjGV6p7_-ldm1jSWCGuzzZKV1N07rxT--df__mr-DV002TF5W-j1soP7jAaKb-_Ahm_UDvcnyYQ priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature |
| Title | Impact behaviour of 3D printed cellular structures for mouthguard applications |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-022-08018-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35256721 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2637315886 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8901696 https://doaj.org/article/e1ee9dcb7ffd494a9b3176f27a467dde |
| Volume | 12 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB61RaBeEG8C7cpI3CDdJH4f222rgrSrClFpb5ad2KUSm6263UP_PWMnqbqAOHCJlIccZx6Zb-x5AHysuWCKNyJHR43lTDcSVUrwvPCC1zogxrBxaWA6E2cX7Oucz7eAD7kwKWi_dlcH7c_FQXv1I8VWXi_q8RAnNj6fTpSONUTEeBu20fw-cNG7gt6VZqXuE2QKqsYrNFIxkQzdLsRHJXpNu_AklgEVsio37FEq2_83rPlnyORv-6bJHJ0-g6c9jiSH3Xyfw5ZvX8DjrrPk3UuYfUnZj6TPwl_fkGUg9JjE0RBjkrheHwNQSVc_do1ON0H4Shaxo95lFBvycGv7FVycnnyfnOV964S8ZpUs88rWQlov0BQFbTm1AR2rKjS-sNxyqb1rWOGdKrkLTbCM2zq2iLAsbrMqx-hr2GmXrX8LpOHBRZBSU4VQgHNXKY5erSxCgQNSlcGngYDmuquQYdLONlWmo7xByptEeVNmcBRpfP9krG6dLixvLk3PY-NL73VTOxlCwzSz2iHKEaGSFueB_-MMPgwcMqgNkWS29cv1ylSCSlpypUQGbzqO3b9q4HgGcoOXG3PZvIMCmCpu9wKXweeB66ZX9dU_vvXdf7_oPexWSVxpXsg92EFR8PsIfm7dCEV-Lkfw6Ohkdv4NzyZiMkoLCXicMjVKyvALnoMHwg |
| link.rule.ids | 230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,24318,27924,27925,31720,33745,41120,42189,51576,53791,53793 |
| linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB6VIqAXxKsQnkbiBunG8fsIhWoL3RWHVurNshO7VGKzVZc98O8ZO0nVBcSBaxI5zsw4_sYz8w3Am0ZIrkUrS3TUeMlNq3BJSVFWQYrGRMQYLh0NzOZyesI_n4rTLRBjLUxO2m_8-V73fbHXnX_LuZUXi2Yy5olNvs72tUkcInJyA24Kpgy95qT3lN614dQMJTIV05MVblOplAwdL0RIFP2mHbidiEClqunGjpSJ-_-GNv9Mmvwtcpo3pIN7cHdAkuR9P-P7sBW6B3Cr7y358yHMD3P9Ixnq8NeXZBkJ-0jSaIgySTqxTymopGeQXaPbTRDAkkXqqXeWDIdcD24_gpODT8f703JonlA2vFa0rF0jlQsSN6NonGAuomtVxzZUTjihTPAtr4LXVPjYRseFa1KTCMdToFV7znZhu1t24QmQVkSfYErDNIIBIXytBfq1qooVDsh0AW9HAdqLniPD5tg207aXvEXJ2yx5Swv4kGR89WTit84XlpdndtCyDTQE0zZexdhyw53xiHNkrJXDeeAfuYDXo4YsrockMteF5Xpla8kUo0JrWcDjXmNXrxo1XoDa0OXGXDbvoAlmzu3B5Ap4N2rdDot99Y9vffrfL3oFd6bHsyN7dDj_8gx26my6rKzUc9hGswgvEAr98C-z4f8CudIF6g |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB5BEVUvqLwDFIzEDdI8_D7SllULdNUDlXqz7MQuldjsqsse-PeMnaTapYgD1yRynJlx_I1n5huAdw0XTPFW5OiosZzpVuKSEjwvveCNDogxbDwaOJ2K43P2-YJfrLX6Skn7jbva737M9rur7ym3cjFrijFPrDg7PVQ6coiIYtGG4i7c4xSNbM1R72m9a80qPZTJlFQVS9yqYjkZOl-Ikir0nXZgO5KBCllXG7tSIu__G-K8nTj5R_Q0bUqTXXgwoEnysZ_1Q7jju0dwv-8v-esxTE9SDSQZavFX12QeCD0icTREmiSe2sc0VNKzyK7Q9SYIYsks9tW7jMZD1gPcT-B88unb4XE-NFDIG1bLKq9tI6T1AjekoC2nNqB7VYfWl5ZbLrV3LSu9UxV3oQ2WcdvERhGWxWCrcow-ha1u3vnnQFoeXIQqDVUICDh3teLo28oylDggVRm8HwVoFj1PhknxbapML3mDkjdJ8qbK4CDK-ObJyHGdLsyvL82gaeMr73XbOBlCyzSz2iHWEaGWFueBf-UM3o4aMrgmoshs5-erpakFlbTiSokMnvUau3nVqPEM5IYuN-ayeQfNMPFuD2aXwYdR62ZY8Mt_fOuL_37RG9g-O5qYryfTLy9hp06WS_NSvoIttAq_h2jop3ud7P43gd4G_Q |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Impact+behaviour+of+3D+printed+cellular+structures+for+mouthguard+applications&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Saunders%2C+John&rft.au=Li%C3%9Fner%2C+Maria&rft.au=Townsend%2C+David&rft.au=Petrinic%2C+Nik&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-08018-1&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s41598_022_08018_1 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon |