Plasma endocannabinoid levels in lean, overweight, and obese humans: relationships to intestinal permeability markers, inflammation, and incretin secretion

Intestinal production of endocannabinoid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is impaired in high-fat diet/obese rodents, leading to reduced satiety. Such diets also alter the intestinal microbiome in association with enhanced intestinal permeability and inflammation; however, little is known of these effec...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inAmerican journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 315; no. 4; pp. E489 - E495
Main Authors Little, Tanya J, Cvijanovic, Nada, DiPatrizio, Nicholas V, Argueta, Donovan A, Rayner, Christopher K, Feinle-Bisset, Christine, Young, Richard L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Physiological Society 01.10.2018
SeriesEndocannabinoids and Cannabinoid Receptors as Regulators of Endocrine Functions and Tissue Metabolism
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Intestinal production of endocannabinoid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is impaired in high-fat diet/obese rodents, leading to reduced satiety. Such diets also alter the intestinal microbiome in association with enhanced intestinal permeability and inflammation; however, little is known of these effects in humans. This study aimed to 1) evaluate effects of lipid on plasma anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonyl- sn-glycerol (2-AG), and OEA in humans; and 2) examine relationships to intestinal permeability, inflammation markers, and incretin hormone secretion. Twenty lean, 18 overweight, and 19 obese participants underwent intraduodenal Intralipid infusion (2 kcal/min) with collection of endoscopic duodenal biopsies and blood. Plasma AEA, 2-AG, and OEA (HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (multiplex), and duodenal expression of occludin, zona-occludin-1 (ZO-1), intestinal-alkaline-phosphatase (IAP), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (by RT-PCR) were assessed. Fasting plasma AEA was increased in obese compared with lean and overweight patients ( P < 0.05), with no effect of BMI group or ID lipid infusion on plasma 2-AG or OEA. Duodenal expression of IAP and ZO-1 was reduced in obese compared with lean ( P < 0.05), and these levels related negatively to plasma AEA ( P < 0.05). The iAUC for AEA was positively related to iAUC GIP ( r = 0.384, P = 0.005). Obese individuals have increased plasma AEA and decreased duodenal expression of ZO-1 and IAP compared with lean and overweight subjects. The relationships between plasma AEA with duodenal ZO-1, IAP, and GIP suggest that altered endocannabinoid signaling may contribute to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation, and incretin release in human obesity.
AbstractList Intestinal production of endocannabinoid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is impaired in high-fat diet/obese rodents, leading to reduced satiety. Such diets also alter the intestinal microbiome in association with enhanced intestinal permeability and inflammation; however, little is known of these effects in humans. This study aimed to 1) evaluate effects of lipid on plasma anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG), and OEA in humans; and 2) examine relationships to intestinal permeability, inflammation markers, and incretin hormone secretion. Twenty lean, 18 overweight, and 19 obese participants underwent intraduodenal Intralipid infusion (2 kcal/min) with collection of endoscopic duodenal biopsies and blood. Plasma AEA, 2-AG, and OEA (HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (multiplex), and duodenal expression of occludin, zona-occludin-1 (ZO-1), intestinal-alkaline-phosphatase (IAP), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (by RT-PCR) were assessed. Fasting plasma AEA was increased in obese compared with lean and overweight patients (P < 0.05), with no effect of BMI group or ID lipid infusion on plasma 2-AG or OEA. Duodenal expression of IAP and ZO-1 was reduced in obese compared with lean (P < 0.05), and these levels related negatively to plasma AEA (P < 0.05). The iAUC for AEA was positively related to iAUC GIP (r = 0.384, P = 0.005). Obese individuals have increased plasma AEA and decreased duodenal expression of ZO-1 and IAP compared with lean and overweight subjects. The relationships between plasma AEA with duodenal ZO-1, IAP, and GIP suggest that altered endocannabinoid signaling may contribute to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation, and incretin release in human obesity.
Intestinal production of endocannabinoid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is impaired in high-fat diet/obese rodents, leading to reduced satiety. Such diets also alter the intestinal microbiome in association with enhanced intestinal permeability and inflammation; however, little is known of these effects in humans. This study aimed to 1 ) evaluate effects of lipid on plasma anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonyl- sn- glycerol (2-AG), and OEA in humans; and 2 ) examine relationships to intestinal permeability, inflammation markers, and incretin hormone secretion. Twenty lean, 18 overweight, and 19 obese participants underwent intraduodenal Intralipid infusion (2 kcal/min) with collection of endoscopic duodenal biopsies and blood. Plasma AEA, 2-AG, and OEA (HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (multiplex), and duodenal expression of occludin, zona-occludin-1 (ZO-1), intestinal-alkaline-phosphatase (IAP), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (by RT-PCR) were assessed. Fasting plasma AEA was increased in obese compared with lean and overweight patients ( P < 0.05), with no effect of BMI group or ID lipid infusion on plasma 2-AG or OEA. Duodenal expression of IAP and ZO-1 was reduced in obese compared with lean ( P < 0.05), and these levels related negatively to plasma AEA ( P < 0.05). The iAUC for AEA was positively related to iAUC GIP ( r  = 0.384, P = 0.005). Obese individuals have increased plasma AEA and decreased duodenal expression of ZO-1 and IAP compared with lean and overweight subjects. The relationships between plasma AEA with duodenal ZO-1, IAP, and GIP suggest that altered endocannabinoid signaling may contribute to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation, and incretin release in human obesity.
Author DiPatrizio, Nicholas V
Rayner, Christopher K
Argueta, Donovan A
Little, Tanya J
Cvijanovic, Nada
Young, Richard L
Feinle-Bisset, Christine
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Tanya J
  surname: Little
  fullname: Little, Tanya J
  organization: National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Nada
  surname: Cvijanovic
  fullname: Cvijanovic, Nada
  organization: National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Nicholas V
  surname: DiPatrizio
  fullname: DiPatrizio, Nicholas V
  organization: Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Donovan A
  surname: Argueta
  fullname: Argueta, Donovan A
  organization: Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Christopher K
  surname: Rayner
  fullname: Rayner, Christopher K
  organization: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Christine
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6848-0125
  surname: Feinle-Bisset
  fullname: Feinle-Bisset, Christine
  organization: National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Richard L
  surname: Young
  fullname: Young, Richard L
  organization: National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide; Adelaide , Australia
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpdkctuFDEQRS0URCaBH2CBLLFhMT340e5us4iEovCQIsEC1pbbrs54cNuN3TMo38LPxvMgAlZVUt17VFX3Ap2FGAChl5SsKBXsrd5MEGxcEcKFWDFC2ydoUQasokKIM7QgVPKKdrU8Rxc5bwghrajZM3TOZM27htMF-v3V6zxqvAcZHYLuXYjOYg878Bm7UDodljjuIP0Cd7eel1gHi2MPGfB6O-qQ3-EEXs8uhrx2U8ZzLL4Z8uyC9niCNELBejff41GnH5DysggGr8fx4DoSXTAJigVnODQxPEdPB-0zvDjVS_T9w82360_V7ZePn6_f31amZs1cacttC70EZqxuuOxsbfqOmbZuTK9rU4tGdpTZ3orBEMM7sMAliH6wQJum5pfo6sidtv0I1kCYk_ZqSq6se6-idurfSXBrdRd3qmGctJQWwJsTIMWf23K4Gl024L0OELdZMUIYozXhbZG-_k-6idtU_lRUlEnZyYY3RcWOKpNizgmGx2UoUfvs1Sl7dche7bMvpld_n_Fo-RM2fwAhMLPK
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12944_020_01341_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxlet_2022_09_002
crossref_primary_10_1159_000517425
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_944591
crossref_primary_10_3390_ani12030348
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_021_02538_8
crossref_primary_10_1080_14787210_2021_1884545
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13041214
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_024_01553_z
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12092874
crossref_primary_10_3389_fncel_2022_867267
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23063083
crossref_primary_10_19185_matters_201906000003
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2019_00704
crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23902
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_019_0492_z
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40495_023_00325_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejps_2021_106105
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_020_02398_8
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_023_01428_9
crossref_primary_10_1093_nutrit_nuz015
crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_14211
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e26968
crossref_primary_10_1210_js_2019_00242
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11892_019_1248_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mce_2021_111522
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2020_00017
crossref_primary_10_1194_jlr_M089250
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_020_0756_3
crossref_primary_10_1093_chemse_bjy068
crossref_primary_10_14814_phy2_14629
Cites_doi 10.3389/fnins.2010.00178
10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2010
10.1007/s00125-012-2663-5
10.1073/pnas.1104675108
10.2337/dc09-0979
10.1172/JCI76302
10.1007/s00125-008-1178-6
10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.044
10.2337/db08-1237
10.1152/ajpregu.00239.2015
10.1002/oby.20466
10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.015
10.2337/db06-1491
10.1038/ijo.2016.199
10.1042/CS20171288
10.1038/nature01921
10.2337/db06-0812
10.1038/nrendo.2015.211
10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb01741.x
10.1152/ajpendo.00080.2017
10.1038/sj.ijo.0803539
10.1038/42015
10.1096/fj.13-227587
10.1177/002215540104901007
10.1038/sj.ijo.0801655
10.1039/C4FO00697F
10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.004
10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00183.x
10.1016/j.mce.2008.01.026
10.1038/msb.2010.46
10.1016/S1734-1140(09)70025-8
10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.009
10.2337/db07-1403
10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.005
10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.005
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright American Physiological Society Oct 2018
Copyright © 2018 the American Physiological Society 2018 American Physiological Society
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright American Physiological Society Oct 2018
– notice: Copyright © 2018 the American Physiological Society 2018 American Physiological Society
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7QP
7TS
7U7
C1K
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00355.2017
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Physical Education Index
Toxicology Abstracts
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
Toxicology Abstracts
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Physical Education Index
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Toxicology Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic

MEDLINE
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Anatomy & Physiology
DocumentTitleAlternate ENDOCANNABINOIDS, INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY, AND INCRETIN SECRETION
EISSN 1522-1555
EndPage E495
ExternalDocumentID 10_1152_ajpendo_00355_2017
29438631
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: NIDA NIH HHS
  grantid: K99 DA034009
– fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS
  grantid: L30 DK114978
– fundername: NIDA NIH HHS
  grantid: R00 DA034009
– fundername: ;
  grantid: N/A
– fundername: ;
  grantid: DA034009
– fundername: ; ;
  grantid: 1022706; 1103020
GroupedDBID ---
23M
2WC
39C
4.4
53G
5GY
5VS
6J9
AAFWJ
ABJNI
ACPRK
ADBBV
AENEX
AFRAH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BAWUL
BKOMP
BTFSW
CGR
CUY
CVF
DIK
E3Z
EBS
ECM
EIF
EJD
EMOBN
F5P
GX1
H13
ITBOX
KQ8
NPM
OK1
P2P
P6G
PQQKQ
RAP
RHF
RHI
RPL
RPRKH
TR2
W8F
WH7
WOQ
XSW
YSK
AAYXX
BKKCC
CITATION
7QP
7TS
7U7
C1K
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c426t-ad3d7eb9e2cda6398d4cb82c746cba4c4569812dbd5fc0c38ede39e5bfde16643
ISSN 0193-1849
IngestDate Tue Sep 17 21:01:10 EDT 2024
Fri Dec 06 00:32:29 EST 2024
Tue Nov 19 06:13:21 EST 2024
Fri Dec 06 06:31:42 EST 2024
Sat Nov 02 12:26:41 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Keywords inflammation tight-junction proteins
n-acylethanolamines
anandamide
intestinal fat sensors
2-arachidonylglycerol
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c426t-ad3d7eb9e2cda6398d4cb82c746cba4c4569812dbd5fc0c38ede39e5bfde16643
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
T. J. Little and N. Cvijanovic contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0000-0001-6848-0125
OpenAccessLink https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpendo.00355.2017
PMID 29438631
PQID 2129989636
PQPubID 48583
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6230711
proquest_miscellaneous_2002214037
proquest_journals_2129989636
crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpendo_00355_2017
pubmed_primary_29438631
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-10-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2018
  text: 2018-10-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
– name: Bethesda
– name: Bethesda, MD
PublicationSeriesTitle Endocannabinoids and Cannabinoid Receptors as Regulators of Endocrine Functions and Tissue Metabolism
PublicationTitle American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism
PublicationTitleAlternate Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher American Physiological Society
Publisher_xml – name: American Physiological Society
References B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
B30
B31
B10
B32
B11
B33
B12
B34
B13
B35
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
References_xml – ident: B24
  doi: 10.3389/fnins.2010.00178
– ident: B11
  doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2010
– ident: B28
  doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2663-5
– ident: B13
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1104675108
– ident: B18
  doi: 10.2337/dc09-0979
– ident: B16
  doi: 10.1172/JCI76302
– ident: B12
  doi: 10.1007/s00125-008-1178-6
– ident: B1
  doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.044
– ident: B22
  doi: 10.2337/db08-1237
– ident: B14
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00239.2015
– ident: B34
  doi: 10.1002/oby.20466
– ident: B19
  doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.015
– ident: B3
  doi: 10.2337/db06-1491
– ident: B10
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.199
– ident: B8
  doi: 10.1042/CS20171288
– ident: B17
  doi: 10.1038/nature01921
– ident: B2
  doi: 10.2337/db06-0812
– ident: B5
  doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.211
– ident: B20
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb01741.x
– ident: B6
  doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00080.2017
– ident: B7
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803539
– ident: B32
  doi: 10.1038/42015
– ident: B15
  doi: 10.1096/fj.13-227587
– ident: B25
  doi: 10.1177/002215540104901007
– ident: B35
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801655
– ident: B27
  doi: 10.1039/C4FO00697F
– ident: B30
  doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.004
– ident: B21
  doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00183.x
– ident: B26
  doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.01.026
– ident: B29
  doi: 10.1038/msb.2010.46
– ident: B23
  doi: 10.1016/S1734-1140(09)70025-8
– ident: B33
  doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.009
– ident: B4
  doi: 10.2337/db07-1403
– ident: B31
  doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.005
– ident: B9
  doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.005
SSID ssj0007542
Score 2.4620597
Snippet Intestinal production of endocannabinoid and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is impaired in high-fat diet/obese rodents, leading to reduced satiety. Such diets also...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage E489
SubjectTerms Adult
Alkaline Phosphatase - genetics
Anandamide
Arachidonic Acids - blood
Biomass
Biopsy
Body mass
Body weight
Cannabinoids
Diet
Dietary Fats - metabolism
Digestive system
Duodenum - metabolism
Endocannabinoids - blood
Female
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood
Gene Expression
Glucagon
Glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood
Glycerides - blood
Glycerol
GPI-Linked Proteins - genetics
High fat diet
High-performance liquid chromatography
Humans
Incretins - metabolism
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Intestine
Lipids
Liquid chromatography
Male
Markers
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Microbiomes
Obesity
Obesity - blood
Obesity - immunology
Obesity - metabolism
Occludin - genetics
Oleic acid
Oleic Acids - blood
Overweight
Overweight - blood
Overweight - immunology
Overweight - metabolism
Permeability
Polymerase chain reaction
Polyunsaturated Alkamides - blood
Rodents
Satiety
Secretion
Thinness - blood
Thinness - immunology
Thinness - metabolism
TLR4 protein
Toll-Like Receptor 4 - genetics
Toll-like receptors
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Zonula occludens-1 protein
Zonula Occludens-1 Protein - genetics
Title Plasma endocannabinoid levels in lean, overweight, and obese humans: relationships to intestinal permeability markers, inflammation, and incretin secretion
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438631
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2129989636
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2002214037
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6230711
Volume 315
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1ba9RAFB7aFcQX0dZLtcoI4ss2dXNPfFt6oWhbFbbQtzC3tindSdnNCu1f8c96zszksq2I-hLCZkkm-b6Zc5lzIeS9UEmWi1x5sQilB_LW91iomCdHPIvkWRb6CSY4Hx0nByfR59P4dGV10ItaWtR8W9z-Nq_kf1CF3wBXzJL9B2Tbm8IPcA74whEQhuNfYfwNVN8pGyotQSJpzcDKrUo5vMJAIBPneqWsf7My4c-NHY6-8oorrDaMLnwTFDdrguIuymtT9AHrSMD0R2X1GlZvZet53wynGM9j-6rBKwCfbO5jc99SC8yL1MO5MicO9abObbM_1CtYYXwrNmcGuwThu8xK3ZWGmqoaiHrVlDrE4KESCy8bpsFSxrqdrZ0f5SXTFSx-VnB03obd0vQiuC0rR3806eddhO94dr5QVpHerbBPrHZOXucQ8bM2tK7u5SCgBGmGb9jugmD7rtQ89MC-tQu2css_mOagYcV9-RDafFM3EaLear8X2fZH98VQjGVt2SW2Ma62cbc2xijCtBO6TaDB8ddi_-TwsJjsnU5WyQMs54gdIL5872reY49im_Rvx9ukfsXBx_tPWFav7tlMd0N_e7rU5Al57IwgOraMfkpWlF4j62PN6mp6Qz_Q9pverJGHRy76Y538tHynd_hOLd9pqSnyfYt2bN-iwCBquE4t1z_RJabTuqId02mf6dQxfYv2eW7v2LCctix_Rk729yY7B55rLuIJUEprj8lQpornKhCSgZqeyUjwLBBplAjOIgGGRQ7Kr-QyPhMjEWZKqjBXMT-Tyk9Aj39OBrrS6iWhKaxpHBBIeMqjVMSYDQ5fmCdhytIg8DfIsMGkuLY1ZApje8dB4RAsDIIFIrhBNhvYCjcZ5wUomHmegbBMNsi79jJIAtzeY1pVizk2lIWHRaMQbvHCotw-LsijMEtCGEq6hH_7B6wyv3xFlxem2nyCqSK-_-rPw3pNHnVzcZMM6tlCvQF1veZvDZt_AcrM-b8
link.rule.ids 230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925
linkProvider Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Plasma+endocannabinoid+levels+in+lean%2C+overweight%2C+and+obese+humans%3A+relationships+to+intestinal+permeability+markers%2C+inflammation%2C+and+incretin+secretion&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology%3A+endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.au=Little%2C+Tanya+J&rft.au=Cvijanovic%2C+Nada&rft.au=DiPatrizio%2C+Nicholas+V&rft.au=Argueta%2C+Donovan+A&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft.pub=American+Physiological+Society&rft.issn=0193-1849&rft.eissn=1522-1555&rft.volume=315&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E489&rft_id=info:doi/10.1152%2Fajpendo.00355.2017&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0193-1849&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0193-1849&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0193-1849&client=summon