ESR Essentials: advanced MR safety in vulnerable patients—practice recommendations by the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology

• Published in: European radiology Vol. 35; no. 4; pp. 1785 - 1793
• Main Authors: Santini, Francesco, Pansini, Michele, Deligianni, Xeni, Caligiuri, Maria Eugenia, Oei, Edwin H. G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.04.2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acoustic noise; Adult; Body temperature; Categories; Child; Diagnostic Radiology; Electric fields; Electromagnetic fields; Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects; Electromagnetism; Europe; Female; Ferromagnetism; Fever; Heat; Heating; Humans; Hyperthermia; Image quality; Imaging; Internal Medicine; Interventional Radiology; Magnetic fields; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - adverse effects; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - standards; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neuroradiology; Patient Safety - standards; Patients; Pregnancy; Radio frequency; Radiology; Review; Risk assessment; Risk reduction; Safety; Safety margins; Scanners; Skin; Societies, Medical; Transplants & implants; Ultrasound; Vulnerable Populations; Workflow; Europe; Pregnancy; Patient safety; Obesity; Magnetic resonance imaging; Child

For every patient, the MR safety evaluation should include the assessment of risks in three key areas, each corresponding to a specific hazard posed by the electromagnetic fields generated by the MR scanner: ferromagnetic attraction and displacement by the static field; stimulation, acoustic noise,...