Extended mechanical loads for the analysis of acetabular cages

• Published in: Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology Vol. 22; no. 4; pp. 1411 - 1423
• Main Authors: Dóczi, Martin O., Sződy, Róbert, Zwierczyk, Péter T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.08.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acetabulum; Algorithms; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biophysics; Bone implants; Bones; Boundary conditions; Cages; Computed tomography; Computer applications; Engineering; Finite Element Analysis; Finite element method; Hip Prosthesis; Mathematical models; Mechanical loading; Mechanical properties; Modulus of elasticity; Muscles; Original Paper; Pelvis; Programming languages; Sensitivity analysis; Stress concentration; Stress, Mechanical; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Transplants & implants; Walking; Finite element model; Hip joint loads; Acetabular cage; Orthopaedics
• DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01728-z
• ISSN: 1617-7959

To analyse the strength and mechanical behaviour of hip implants, it is essential to employ an appropriate loading model. Generating computational models supplemented with muscle forces is a complicated task, especially in the initial phase of implant development. This research aims to expand the possibilities of the simpler acetabular cage model based on joint loads without significantly increasing the demand for computing resources. A Python script covered and grouped the loads from daily activities. The ten calculated major loads were compared with the maximum of the walking and stair climbing loads through the finite element analyses of a custom-made acetabular cage. Sensitivity analyses were performed for the surrounding bones’ elastic modulus and the pelvis boundary conditions. The major loads can geometrically cover the entire load spectrum of daily activities. The effect of many high-magnitude force vectors is uncertain in the approach that uses the most common maximum loads. Using these resultant major loads, a new stress concentration area could be detected on the acetabular cage, besides the stress concentration areas induced by the loads reported in the literature. The qualitative correctness of the results is also supported by a control computed tomography scan: a fracture occurred in an extensive, high-stress zone. The results are not sensitive to changes in the elastic modulus of the surrounding bone and the boundary conditions of the model. The presented load vectors and the algorithm make more extensive static analyses possible with little computational overhead. The proposed method can be used for checking the static strength of similar implants.