Impact of corpus luteum number on maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes: the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort

To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART)-induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancies conceived through ART are associated with increased risks of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome...

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Published inFertility and sterility Vol. 123; no. 6; pp. 1039 - 1050
Main Authors Koerts, Joni J., Voskamp, Lotte W., Rousian, Melek, Steegers-Theunissen, Régine P.M., Wiegel, Rosalieke E.
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.06.2025
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Abstract To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART)-induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancies conceived through ART are associated with increased risks of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, with discrepancies in outcomes between different ART treatment protocols. We hypothesize that this is because the periconceptional hormonal environment regulated by the CL. Assisted reproductive technology protocols affect CL quantity at conception resulting in CL absence or a supraphysiological number of CL. This study is embedded in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, an ongoing tertiary center prospective cohort at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Women with a singleton pregnancy with data on CL. The number of CL, based on mode of conception: 0 CL (artificial-cycle frozen embryo transfer, n = 72); >1 CL (ovarian stimulated fresh embryo transfer, n = 462), and 1 CL (natural-cycle frozen embryo transfer and natural conceptions, n = 1327). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth and birthweight, derived from medical records. We included 1,861 pregnancies. The results were adjusted for maternal age, maternal body mass index, nulliparity, and obstetric history. In comparison with natural conceptions (1 CL), a pregnancy with CL absence (0 CL) was associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–5.15]), and a higher risk of preeclampsia, albeit non-significantly (aOR: 2.02 [95% CI: 0.91–4.51]). In comparison with pregnancies with >1 CL, the risk of preeclampsia was significantly lower (aOR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.18–0.72]). Post hoc analyses revealed that in male neonates, >1 CL was associated with a lower birthweight percentile (aβ; –6.18 [95% CI: –11.16 to –1.20]). In contrast, female neonates showed no association with >1 CL, whereas CL absence was associated with a higher birthweight percentile (aβ: 12.93 [95% CI: 2.52–23.34]). Risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and relative birthweight differ between CL groups. These findings support the hypothesis that an aberrant number of CL impacts maternal pregnancy and or birth outcomes. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate causes and underlying pathophysiology. NL4115 (https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/25560; date of registration: October 15, 2004; date of enrollment first subject: November 4, 2010). Impacto del número de cuerpos lúteos en los resultados del embarazo y parto maternos: cohorte periconcepcional de Róterdam investigar las asociaciones entre las alteraciones inducidas por la tecnología de reproducción asistida (TRA) en el número de cuerpos lúteos (CL) durante la implantación y los resultados maternos del embarazo y el parto. Los embarazos concebidos mediante TRA se asocian a un mayor riesgo de resultados obstétricos y perinatales adversos, con discrepancias en los resultados entre los distintos protocolos de tratamiento con TRA. Nuestra hipótesis es que esto se debe al entorno hormonal periconcepcional regulado por el CL. Los protocolos de tecnología de reproducción asistida afectan a la cantidad de CL en el momento de la concepción, dando lugar a la ausencia de CL o a un número suprafisiológico de estos. este estudio está integrado en la Cohorte periconcepcional de Róterdam, una cohorte prospectiva en curso en un centro terciario del Erasmus University Medical Center de Róterdam, Países Bajos. mujeres con un embarazo único con datos respecto a CL. el número de CL, basado en el modo de concepción: 0 CL (transferencia de embriones congelados de ciclo artificial, n = 72); >1 CL (transferencia de embriones frescos de estimulación ovárica, n = 462), y 1 CL (transferencia de embriones congelados de ciclo natural y de concepciones naturales, n = 1327). trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, diabetes gestacional, edad gestacional al nacer y peso al nacer, derivados de las historias clínicas. se incluyeron 1.861 embarazos. Los resultados se ajustaron por edad materna, índice de masa corporal materno, nuliparidad y antecedentes obstétricos. En comparación con las concepciones naturales (1 CL), un embarazo con ausencia de CL (0 CL) se asoció con un mayor riesgo de diabetes gestacional (razón de posibilidades ajustada [ORa]: 2,59 [intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 1,31-5,15]), y un mayor riesgo de preeclampsia, aunque de forma no significativa (ORa: 2,02 [IC del 95 %: 0,91-4,51]). En comparación con los embarazos con >1 CL, el riesgo de preeclampsia fue significativamente menor (ORa: 0,36 [IC del 95 %: 0,18-0,72]). Los análisis post hoc revelaron que en los neonatos varones, >1 CL se asoció con un percentil de peso al nacer inferior (aβ; –6,18 [IC del 95 %: –11,16 a –1,20]). Por el contrario, los neonatos de sexo femenino no mostraron asociación con >1 CL, mientras que la ausencia de CL se asoció con un percentil de peso al nacer más alto (aβ: 12,93 [IC del 95 %: 2,52-23,34]). los riesgos de trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, diabetes gestacional y peso relativo al nacer difieren entre los grupos de CL. Estos hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que un número aberrante de CL influye en los resultados del embarazo o parto maternos. Es necesario realizar estudios adicionales para investigar las causas y la fisiopatología subyacente.
AbstractList To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART) -induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancies conceived through ART are associated with increased risks of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, with discrepancies in outcomes between different ART treatment protocols. We hypothesize this is due to the periconceptional hormonal environment regulated by the CL. ART protocols affect CL quantity at conception resulting in CL absence or a supraphysiological number of CL.OBJECTIVETo investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART) -induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancies conceived through ART are associated with increased risks of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, with discrepancies in outcomes between different ART treatment protocols. We hypothesize this is due to the periconceptional hormonal environment regulated by the CL. ART protocols affect CL quantity at conception resulting in CL absence or a supraphysiological number of CL.This study is embedded in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, an ongoing tertiary center prospective cohort at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.DESIGNThis study is embedded in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, an ongoing tertiary center prospective cohort at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Women with a singleton pregnancy with data on CL.SUBJECTSWomen with a singleton pregnancy with data on CL.The number of CL, based on mode of conception: 0 CL (artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer (AC-FET), n=72); >1 CL (ovarian stimulated fresh embryo transfer, n=462) and 1 CL (natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) and natural conceptions, n=1327).EXPOSUREThe number of CL, based on mode of conception: 0 CL (artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer (AC-FET), n=72); >1 CL (ovarian stimulated fresh embryo transfer, n=462) and 1 CL (natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) and natural conceptions, n=1327).Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth and birthweight, derived from medical records.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESHypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth and birthweight, derived from medical records.We included 1,861 pregnancies. The results were adjusted for maternal age, maternal body mass index, nulliparity and obstetric history. In comparison with natural conceptions (1 CL), a pregnancy with CL absence (0 CL) was associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes (aOR 2.59 [95% CI 1.31;5.15]), and a higher risk of preeclampsia, albeit non-significantly (aOR 2.02 [95% CI 0.91;4.51]). In comparison with pregnancies with >1 CL the risk of preeclampsia was significantly lower (aOR 0.36 [95% CI 0.18;0.72]). Post hoc analyses revealed that in male neonates, >1 CL was associated with a lower birthweight percentile (aβ -6.18 [95% CI -11.16;-1.20]). In contrast, female neonates showed no association with >1 CL, whereas CL absence was associated with a higher birthweight percentile (aβ 12.93 [95% CI 2.52;23.34]).RESULTSWe included 1,861 pregnancies. The results were adjusted for maternal age, maternal body mass index, nulliparity and obstetric history. In comparison with natural conceptions (1 CL), a pregnancy with CL absence (0 CL) was associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes (aOR 2.59 [95% CI 1.31;5.15]), and a higher risk of preeclampsia, albeit non-significantly (aOR 2.02 [95% CI 0.91;4.51]). In comparison with pregnancies with >1 CL the risk of preeclampsia was significantly lower (aOR 0.36 [95% CI 0.18;0.72]). Post hoc analyses revealed that in male neonates, >1 CL was associated with a lower birthweight percentile (aβ -6.18 [95% CI -11.16;-1.20]). In contrast, female neonates showed no association with >1 CL, whereas CL absence was associated with a higher birthweight percentile (aβ 12.93 [95% CI 2.52;23.34]).Risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes and relative birthweight differ between CL groups. These findings support the hypothesis that an aberrant number of CL impacts maternal pregnancy and or birth outcomes. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate causes and underlying pathophysiology.CONCLUSIONRisks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes and relative birthweight differ between CL groups. These findings support the hypothesis that an aberrant number of CL impacts maternal pregnancy and or birth outcomes. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate causes and underlying pathophysiology.
To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART)-induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancies conceived through ART are associated with increased risks of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, with discrepancies in outcomes between different ART treatment protocols. We hypothesize that this is because the periconceptional hormonal environment regulated by the CL. Assisted reproductive technology protocols affect CL quantity at conception resulting in CL absence or a supraphysiological number of CL. This study is embedded in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, an ongoing tertiary center prospective cohort at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Women with a singleton pregnancy with data on CL. The number of CL, based on mode of conception: 0 CL (artificial-cycle frozen embryo transfer, n = 72); >1 CL (ovarian stimulated fresh embryo transfer, n = 462), and 1 CL (natural-cycle frozen embryo transfer and natural conceptions, n = 1327). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth and birthweight, derived from medical records. We included 1,861 pregnancies. The results were adjusted for maternal age, maternal body mass index, nulliparity, and obstetric history. In comparison with natural conceptions (1 CL), a pregnancy with CL absence (0 CL) was associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–5.15]), and a higher risk of preeclampsia, albeit non-significantly (aOR: 2.02 [95% CI: 0.91–4.51]). In comparison with pregnancies with >1 CL, the risk of preeclampsia was significantly lower (aOR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.18–0.72]). Post hoc analyses revealed that in male neonates, >1 CL was associated with a lower birthweight percentile (aβ; –6.18 [95% CI: –11.16 to –1.20]). In contrast, female neonates showed no association with >1 CL, whereas CL absence was associated with a higher birthweight percentile (aβ: 12.93 [95% CI: 2.52–23.34]). Risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and relative birthweight differ between CL groups. These findings support the hypothesis that an aberrant number of CL impacts maternal pregnancy and or birth outcomes. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate causes and underlying pathophysiology. NL4115 (https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/25560; date of registration: October 15, 2004; date of enrollment first subject: November 4, 2010). Impacto del número de cuerpos lúteos en los resultados del embarazo y parto maternos: cohorte periconcepcional de Róterdam investigar las asociaciones entre las alteraciones inducidas por la tecnología de reproducción asistida (TRA) en el número de cuerpos lúteos (CL) durante la implantación y los resultados maternos del embarazo y el parto. Los embarazos concebidos mediante TRA se asocian a un mayor riesgo de resultados obstétricos y perinatales adversos, con discrepancias en los resultados entre los distintos protocolos de tratamiento con TRA. Nuestra hipótesis es que esto se debe al entorno hormonal periconcepcional regulado por el CL. Los protocolos de tecnología de reproducción asistida afectan a la cantidad de CL en el momento de la concepción, dando lugar a la ausencia de CL o a un número suprafisiológico de estos. este estudio está integrado en la Cohorte periconcepcional de Róterdam, una cohorte prospectiva en curso en un centro terciario del Erasmus University Medical Center de Róterdam, Países Bajos. mujeres con un embarazo único con datos respecto a CL. el número de CL, basado en el modo de concepción: 0 CL (transferencia de embriones congelados de ciclo artificial, n = 72); >1 CL (transferencia de embriones frescos de estimulación ovárica, n = 462), y 1 CL (transferencia de embriones congelados de ciclo natural y de concepciones naturales, n = 1327). trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, diabetes gestacional, edad gestacional al nacer y peso al nacer, derivados de las historias clínicas. se incluyeron 1.861 embarazos. Los resultados se ajustaron por edad materna, índice de masa corporal materno, nuliparidad y antecedentes obstétricos. En comparación con las concepciones naturales (1 CL), un embarazo con ausencia de CL (0 CL) se asoció con un mayor riesgo de diabetes gestacional (razón de posibilidades ajustada [ORa]: 2,59 [intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 1,31-5,15]), y un mayor riesgo de preeclampsia, aunque de forma no significativa (ORa: 2,02 [IC del 95 %: 0,91-4,51]). En comparación con los embarazos con >1 CL, el riesgo de preeclampsia fue significativamente menor (ORa: 0,36 [IC del 95 %: 0,18-0,72]). Los análisis post hoc revelaron que en los neonatos varones, >1 CL se asoció con un percentil de peso al nacer inferior (aβ; –6,18 [IC del 95 %: –11,16 a –1,20]). Por el contrario, los neonatos de sexo femenino no mostraron asociación con >1 CL, mientras que la ausencia de CL se asoció con un percentil de peso al nacer más alto (aβ: 12,93 [IC del 95 %: 2,52-23,34]). los riesgos de trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, diabetes gestacional y peso relativo al nacer difieren entre los grupos de CL. Estos hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que un número aberrante de CL influye en los resultados del embarazo o parto maternos. Es necesario realizar estudios adicionales para investigar las causas y la fisiopatología subyacente.
To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART)-induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Pregnancies conceived through ART are associated with increased risks of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, with discrepancies in outcomes between different ART treatment protocols. We hypothesize that this is because the periconceptional hormonal environment regulated by the CL. Assisted reproductive technology protocols affect CL quantity at conception resulting in CL absence or a supraphysiological number of CL. This study is embedded in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, an ongoing tertiary center prospective cohort at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Women with a singleton pregnancy with data on CL. The number of CL, based on mode of conception: 0 CL (artificial-cycle frozen embryo transfer, n = 72); >1 CL (ovarian stimulated fresh embryo transfer, n = 462), and 1 CL (natural-cycle frozen embryo transfer and natural conceptions, n = 1327). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth and birthweight, derived from medical records. We included 1,861 pregnancies. The results were adjusted for maternal age, maternal body mass index, nulliparity, and obstetric history. In comparison with natural conceptions (1 CL), a pregnancy with CL absence (0 CL) was associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-5.15]), and a higher risk of preeclampsia, albeit non-significantly (aOR: 2.02 [95% CI: 0.91-4.51]). In comparison with pregnancies with >1 CL, the risk of preeclampsia was significantly lower (aOR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.18-0.72]). Post hoc analyses revealed that in male neonates, >1 CL was associated with a lower birthweight percentile (aβ; -6.18 [95% CI: -11.16 to -1.20]). In contrast, female neonates showed no association with >1 CL, whereas CL absence was associated with a higher birthweight percentile (aβ: 12.93 [95% CI: 2.52-23.34]). Risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and relative birthweight differ between CL groups. These findings support the hypothesis that an aberrant number of CL impacts maternal pregnancy and or birth outcomes. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate causes and underlying pathophysiology. NL4115 (https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/25560; date of registration: October 15, 2004; date of enrollment first subject: November 4, 2010).
Author Wiegel, Rosalieke E.
Voskamp, Lotte W.
Rousian, Melek
Koerts, Joni J.
Steegers-Theunissen, Régine P.M.
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  givenname: Rosalieke E.
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Issue 6
Keywords Corpus luteum
birthweight
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
assisted reproductive technologies
Language English
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Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_fertnstert_2024_12_002
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PublicationDate 2025-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Fertility and sterility
PublicationTitleAlternate Fertil Steril
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
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  publication-title: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
  doi: 10.1002/uog.15910
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Snippet To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART)-induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal...
To investigate associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART) -induced alterations in corpus luteum (CL) number during implantation, and maternal...
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SubjectTerms Adult
assisted reproductive technologies
Birth Weight
birthweight
Cohort Studies
Corpus Luteum
Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology
Female
Humans
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Infant, Newborn
Infertility - diagnosis
Infertility - epidemiology
Infertility - physiopathology
Infertility - therapy
Netherlands - epidemiology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology
Prospective Studies
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted - adverse effects
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Title Impact of corpus luteum number on maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes: the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0015028224024312
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.12.002
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39644989
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3146567920
Volume 123
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