Biocompatibility and acid resistance of preformed crowns in children: an in vitro study

• Published in: European archives of paediatric dentistry Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 417 - 425
• Main Authors: Hogerheyde, T., Coates, D., Walsh, L., Zafar, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acid resistance; Acids; Allergies; Apoptosis; Biocompatibility; Citric acid; Composite materials; Copper; Cytotoxicity; Dentistry; Ethics; Food intake; In vitro methods and tests; Inductively coupled plasma; Lactic acid; Medicine; Optical emission spectroscopy; Oral hygiene; Original Scientific; Original Scientific Article; Orthodontics; Pediatrics; Periodontium; Phosphoric acid; Stainless steel; Stainless steels; Toxicity; Zirconium dioxide; United States > US; Texas; Biocompatibility; Ion release; Acidity; Preformed paediatric crowns; Gingival fibroblasts
• ISSN: 1818-6300; 1996-9805; 1996-9805
• DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00898-3

Purpose To investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of human gingival fibroblasts with preformed paediatric crowns and resistance to acid exposure at levels that simulate the oral environment. Methods This laboratory study investigated primary HGFs viability, metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic events on preformed metal crown discs, composite resin-coated wells, and monolithic zirconia fragments at 24, 48, and 72 h using the ApoTox-Glo Triplex assay. The PPCs were also immersed in 0.1% lactic acid, 0.2% phosphoric acid, or 10% citric acid for 7 days at 37 °C to reproduce conditions associated with dietary intake or gastric reflux. Samples were then subject to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to quantitate the release of ions. Results The viability of HGFs on stainless steel and CR significantly declined at 48 and 72 h, representing potential cytotoxicity ( p  < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of HGFs was also higher for stainless steel and ZR compared to control ( p  < 0.05). PMCs and ZR crowns gave minimal ion release. Meanwhile, significant quantities of metallic ions, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), were present in eluates from veneered-preformed metal crowns. Conclusion As PPCs can be exposed to highly acidic environments for many years, thus the release of metallic ions from V-PMCs should form the further investigation in future studies.