Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians: A Minimal Model Analysis

Context:Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.Objective:We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.Design:This was a cros...

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Published inThe journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 99; no. 11; pp. 4273 - 4280
Main Authors Møller, Jonas B., Dalla Man, Chiara, Overgaard, Rune V., Ingwersen, Steen H., Tornøe, Christoffer W., Pedersen, Maria, Tanaka, Haruhiko, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Ueki, Kohjiru, Lynge, Jan, Vasconcelos, Nina-Maria, Pedersen, Bente K., Kadowaki, Takashi, Cobelli, Claudio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bethesda, MD Oxford University Press 01.11.2014
Copyright by The Endocrine Society
Endocrine Society
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Abstract Context:Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.Objective:We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.Design:This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess β-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity.Participants:Participants included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects.Main Outcomes:Measures of β-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models.Results:Basal β-cell function (Φb) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φd) and static (Φs) β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P < .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index.Conclusion:Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.
AbstractList Context:Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.Objective:We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.Design:This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess β-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity.Participants:Participants included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects.Main Outcomes:Measures of β-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models.Results:Basal β-cell function (Φb) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φd) and static (Φs) β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P < .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index.Conclusion:Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.
CONTEXT:Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE:We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes. DESIGN:This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess β-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity. PARTICIPANTS:Participants included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects. MAIN OUTCOMES:Measures of β-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models. RESULTS:Basal β-cell function (Φb) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φd) and static (Φs) β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P < .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index. CONCLUSION:Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.
Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.CONTEXTEthnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.OBJECTIVEWe aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes.This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess β-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity.DESIGNThis was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess β-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity.PARTICIPANTS included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects.PARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTS included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects.Measures of β-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models.MAIN OUTCOMESMeasures of β-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models.Basal β-cell function (Φ(b)) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φ(d)) and static (Φ(s)) β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P < .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index.RESULTSBasal β-cell function (Φ(b)) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φ(d)) and static (Φ(s)) β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P < .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index.Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONOur study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.
Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes. We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects ranging from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to type 2 diabetes. This was a cross-sectional study with oral glucose tolerance tests to assess β-cell function, hepatic insulin extraction, and insulin sensitivity. PARTICIPANTS included 120 Japanese and 150 Caucasian subjects. Measures of β-cell function, hepatic extraction, and insulin sensitivity were assessed using C-peptide, glucose, and insulin minimal models. Basal β-cell function (Φ(b)) was lower in Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .01). In subjects with IGT, estimates of the dynamic (Φ(d)) and static (Φ(s)) β-cell responsiveness were significantly lower in the Japanese compared with Caucasians (P < .05). In contrast, values of insulin action showed higher sensitivity in the Japanese IGT subjects. Hepatic extraction was similar in NGT and IGT groups but higher in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects (P < .01). Despite differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hepatic extraction, the disposition indices were similar between the 2 ethnic groups at all glucose tolerance states. Furthermore, the overall insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsiveness for all glucose tolerance states were similar in Japanese and Caucasians after accounting for differences in body mass index. Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.
Author Dalla Man, Chiara
Tornøe, Christoffer W.
Ohsugi, Mitsuru
Pedersen, Bente K.
Pedersen, Maria
Cobelli, Claudio
Tanaka, Haruhiko
Møller, Jonas B.
Overgaard, Rune V.
Ingwersen, Steen H.
Kadowaki, Takashi
Vasconcelos, Nina-Maria
Ueki, Kohjiru
Lynge, Jan
AuthorAffiliation Novo Nordisk A/S (J.B.M., R.V.O., S.H.I., C.W.T., J.L., N.-M.V.), 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark; Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universita di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (M.P., B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Metabolic Diseases (H.T., M.O., K.U., T.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
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  givenname: Maria
  surname: Pedersen
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  givenname: Haruhiko
  surname: Tanaka
  fullname: Tanaka, Haruhiko
  organization: 4Department of Metabolic Diseases (H.T., M.O., K.U., T.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
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  givenname: Mitsuru
  surname: Ohsugi
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  givenname: Kohjiru
  surname: Ueki
  fullname: Ueki, Kohjiru
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  givenname: Jan
  surname: Lynge
  fullname: Lynge, Jan
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  givenname: Nina-Maria
  surname: Vasconcelos
  fullname: Vasconcelos, Nina-Maria
  organization: 1Novo Nordisk A/S (J.B.M., R.V.O., S.H.I., C.W.T., J.L., N.-M.V.), 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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  surname: Pedersen
  fullname: Pedersen, Bente K.
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  surname: Kadowaki
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  organization: 4Department of Metabolic Diseases (H.T., M.O., K.U., T.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
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  givenname: Claudio
  surname: Cobelli
  fullname: Cobelli, Claudio
  organization: 2Department of Information Engineering (C.D.M., C.C.), Universita di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Issue 11
Keywords Obesity
Pancreatic hormone
Cell function
Nutrition
Digestive system
Insulin sensitivity
Liver
Nutrition disorder
Metabolic diseases
Insulin
Japanese
Ethnic group
Extraction
Models
β Cell
Caucasoid
Endocrinology
Nutritional status
Comparative study
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
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  year: 2014
  text: 2014-November
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PublicationTitle The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
PublicationTitleAlternate J Clin Endocrinol Metab
PublicationYear 2014
Publisher Oxford University Press
Copyright by The Endocrine Society
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Snippet Context:Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.Objective:We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and...
CONTEXT:Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE:We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and...
Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes. We aimed at assessing the potential differences between Caucasian and Japanese subjects...
Ethnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.CONTEXTEthnic differences have previously been reported for type 2 diabetes.We aimed at...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Aged
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Beta cells
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Glucose
Body mass index
Cell culture
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cultural differences
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology
Endocrinopathies
European Continental Ancestry Group
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Glucose
Glucose Intolerance - blood
Glucose Intolerance - ethnology
Glucose Intolerance - physiopathology
Glucose tolerance
Glucose Tolerance Test
Humans
Insulin - blood
Insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - ethnology
Insulin-Secreting Cells - physiology
Japan
Liver
Liver - physiopathology
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Minority & ethnic groups
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Vertebrates: endocrinology
White people
Title Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians: A Minimal Model Analysis
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