IL6‐mediated inflammatory loop reprograms normal to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition+ metastatic cancer stem cells in preneoplastic liver of transforming growth factor beta–deficient β2‐spectrin+/− mice

• Published in: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Vol. 65; no. 4; pp. 1222 - 1236
• Main Authors: Mitra, Abhisek, Yan, Jun, Xia, Xueqing, Zhou, Shouhao, Chen, Jian, Mishra, Lopa, Li, Shulin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.04.2017
• Subjects: Animals; Biopsy, Needle; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-6 - pharmacology; Liver Neoplasms - metabolism; Liver Neoplasms - pathology; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - drug effects; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplastic Stem Cells - metabolism; Random Allocation; Statistics, Nonparametric; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - drug effects; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second‐leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide with a poor survival rate. As many as 40% of HCCs are clonal, with alteration of key tumor‐suppressor pathways in stem cells as the primary cause of HCC initiation. However, mechanisms that generate metasta...