Comparison of Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Mitochondrial Metabolism Capacity in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Formation of Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have been successfully expanded in vitro using adherent culture plates commonly called as monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Recently, many...
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Published in | BioMed research international Vol. 2021; pp. 1 - 10 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Hindawi
2021
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Abstract | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have been successfully expanded in vitro using adherent culture plates commonly called as monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Recently, many studies demonstrated that stemness and multilineage differentiation potential could be enhanced to greater extent when MSCs are cultured as suspended aggregates by means of three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques. However, there are limited reports on changed mitochondrial metabolism on 3D spheroid formation of MSCs. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the stemness, differentiation potential, and mitochondrial metabolism capacity of 3D dental pulp-derived MSC (DPSC) spheroids in comparison to monolayer cultured DPSCs. We isolated dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) and successfully developed a 3D culture system which facilitated the formation of MSC spheroids. The cell aggregation was observed after 2 hours, and spheroids were formed after 24 hours and remained in shape for 72 hours. After spheroid formation, the levels of pluripotent markers increased along with enhancement in adipogenic and osteogenic potential compared to 2D cultured control cells. However, decreased proliferative capacity, cell cycle arrest, and elevated apoptosis rate were observed with the time course of the 3D culture except for the initial 24-hour aggregation. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rates of living cells decreased with the time course of the aggregation except for the initial 24 hours. Overall, our study indicated that the short-term 3D culture of MSCs could be a suitable alternative to culture the cells. |
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AbstractList | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have been successfully expanded in vitro using adherent culture plates commonly called as monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Recently, many studies demonstrated that stemness and multilineage differentiation potential could be enhanced to greater extent when MSCs are cultured as suspended aggregates by means of three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques. However, there are limited reports on changed mitochondrial metabolism on 3D spheroid formation of MSCs. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the stemness, differentiation potential, and mitochondrial metabolism capacity of 3D dental pulp-derived MSC (DPSC) spheroids in comparison to monolayer cultured DPSCs. We isolated dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) and successfully developed a 3D culture system which facilitated the formation of MSC spheroids. The cell aggregation was observed after 2 hours, and spheroids were formed after 24 hours and remained in shape for 72 hours. After spheroid formation, the levels of pluripotent markers increased along with enhancement in adipogenic and osteogenic potential compared to 2D cultured control cells. However, decreased proliferative capacity, cell cycle arrest, and elevated apoptosis rate were observed with the time course of the 3D culture except for the initial 24-hour aggregation. Furthermore, oxygen consumption rates of living cells decreased with the time course of the aggregation except for the initial 24 hours. Overall, our study indicated that the short-term 3D culture of MSCs could be a suitable alternative to culture the cells. |
Author | Kim, Saet-Byul Kang, Young-Hoon Rho, Gyu-Jin Jo, Chan-Hee Bok, Eun-Yeong Son, Young-Bum Bharti, Dinesh Lee, Sung-Lim |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea |
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ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright © 2021 Young-Bum Son et al. Copyright © 2021 Young-Bum Son et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright © 2021 Young-Bum Son et al. 2021 |
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Snippet | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapy. Traditionally, MSCs derived from various tissues have... |
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SubjectTerms | Agglomeration Antibodies Apoptosis Biomedical materials Biotechnology Cell aggregation Cell culture Cell cycle Cell growth Culture techniques Dental pulp Differentiation Flow cytometry Glucose Mesenchymal stem cells Metabolism Mitochondria Monolayers Oxygen consumption Pluripotency Spheroids Stem cells Tissue engineering |
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Title | Comparison of Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Mitochondrial Metabolism Capacity in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Formation of Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
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