Changes in butterfly distributions and species assemblages on a Neotropical mountain range in response to global warming and anthropogenic land use
Aim: To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988-2011) and investigate whether these changes are related to regional global warming and land use change. Location: Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: Butterflies were surveyed a...
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Published in | Diversity & distributions Vol. 22; no. 11; pp. 1085 - 1098 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2016
John Wiley & Sons Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
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Abstract | Aim: To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988-2011) and investigate whether these changes are related to regional global warming and land use change. Location: Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: Butterflies were surveyed at eight sites spanning elevations ranging from 117 m to 3000 m in 1988, and the same sites were resurveyed in 2010-2011. Changes in the elevational distribution of species and the structure and composition of species assemblages were compared between surveys. The results were interpreted in the context of land use and climate change in the region. Results: Butterfly species had shifted their distributions uphill by approximately 145 m on average. Significantly more species (78) showed an uphill shift in their distributions than a downhill shift (32 species). Species occurring above 1000 m elevation had shifted their distribution to an extent that matched the range shift expected under the recorded temperature changes. However, for species occurring below 1000 m elevation, and for all species combined, uphill range shifts were significantly less than expected based solely on the increase in temperature. Land use change over the study period was more pronounced at low elevations, and these butterfly assemblages are now dominated by generalist species. Main conclusions: Our results represent the first concrete evidence of shifts in elevation distribution of a large Neotropical butterfly community, attributable to increased regional temperatures. At high elevations, land use change is minimal and climate change appears to be the main driver of changes to distributions and assemblages, and the main conservation threat. However, extensive land use change has been the main driver of changes to butterfly communities at lower elevations. |
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AbstractList | Aim: To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988-2011) and investigate whether these changes are related to regional global warming and land use change. Location: Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: Butterflies were surveyed at eight sites spanning elevations ranging from 117 m to 3000 m in 1988, and the same sites were resurveyed in 2010-2011. Changes in the elevational distribution of species and the structure and composition of species assemblages were compared between surveys. The results were interpreted in the context of land use and climate change in the region. Results: Butterfly species had shifted their distributions uphill by approximately 145 m on average. Significantly more species (78) showed an uphill shift in their distributions than a downhill shift (32 species). Species occurring above 1000 m elevation had shifted their distribution to an extent that matched the range shift expected under the recorded temperature changes. However, for species occurring below 1000 m elevation, and for all species combined, uphill range shifts were significantly less than expected based solely on the increase in temperature. Land use change over the study period was more pronounced at low elevations, and these butterfly assemblages are now dominated by generalist species. Main conclusions: Our results represent the first concrete evidence of shifts in elevation distribution of a large Neotropical butterfly community, attributable to increased regional temperatures. At high elevations, land use change is minimal and climate change appears to be the main driver of changes to distributions and assemblages, and the main conservation threat. However, extensive land use change has been the main driver of changes to butterfly communities at lower elevations. Aim To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988–2011) and investigate whether these changes are related to regional global warming and land use change. Location Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods Butterflies were surveyed at eight sites spanning elevations ranging from 117 m to 3000 m in 1988, and the same sites were resurveyed in 2010–2011. Changes in the elevational distribution of species and the structure and composition of species assemblages were compared between surveys. The results were interpreted in the context of land use and climate change in the region. Results Butterfly species had shifted their distributions uphill by approximately 145 m on average. Significantly more species (78) showed an uphill shift in their distributions than a downhill shift (32 species). Species occurring above 1000 m elevation had shifted their distribution to an extent that matched the range shift expected under the recorded temperature changes. However, for species occurring below 1000 m elevation, and for all species combined, uphill range shifts were significantly less than expected based solely on the increase in temperature. Land use change over the study period was more pronounced at low elevations, and these butterfly assemblages are now dominated by generalist species. Main conclusions Our results represent the first concrete evidence of shifts in elevation distribution of a large Neotropical butterfly community, attributable to increased regional temperatures. At high elevations, land use change is minimal and climate change appears to be the main driver of changes to distributions and assemblages, and the main conservation threat. However, extensive land use change has been the main driver of changes to butterfly communities at lower elevations. Aim To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988-2011) and investigate whether these changes are related to regional global warming and land use change. Location Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods Butterflies were surveyed at eight sites spanning elevations ranging from 117 m to 3000 m in 1988, and the same sites were resurveyed in 2010-2011. Changes in the elevational distribution of species and the structure and composition of species assemblages were compared between surveys. The results were interpreted in the context of land use and climate change in the region. Results Butterfly species had shifted their distributions uphill by approximately 145 m on average. Significantly more species (78) showed an uphill shift in their distributions than a downhill shift (32 species). Species occurring above 1000 m elevation had shifted their distribution to an extent that matched the range shift expected under the recorded temperature changes. However, for species occurring below 1000 m elevation, and for all species combined, uphill range shifts were significantly less than expected based solely on the increase in temperature. Land use change over the study period was more pronounced at low elevations, and these butterfly assemblages are now dominated by generalist species. Main conclusions Our results represent the first concrete evidence of shifts in elevation distribution of a large Neotropical butterfly community, attributable to increased regional temperatures. At high elevations, land use change is minimal and climate change appears to be the main driver of changes to distributions and assemblages, and the main conservation threat. However, extensive land use change has been the main driver of changes to butterfly communities at lower elevations. |
Author | Lewis, Owen T. Caballero, Ubaldo Regan, Helen M. Luis-Martínez, Armando Molina-Martínez, Arcángel León-Cortés, Jorge L. Navarrete, Darío |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Arcángel surname: Molina-Martínez fullname: Molina-Martínez, Arcángel organization: Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Av. Periférico Sur S/N, Chiapas, 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico – sequence: 2 givenname: Jorge L. surname: León-Cortés fullname: León-Cortés, Jorge L. email: jleon@ecosur.mx, Correspondence: Jorge L. León-Cortés, Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Av. Periférico Sur S/N, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas 29290, Mexico., jleon@ecosur.mx organization: Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Av. Periférico Sur S/N, Chiapas, 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico – sequence: 3 givenname: Helen M. surname: Regan fullname: Regan, Helen M. organization: Department of Biology, University of California, CA, 92521, Riverside, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Owen T. surname: Lewis fullname: Lewis, Owen T. organization: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, Oxford, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Darío surname: Navarrete fullname: Navarrete, Darío organization: Laboratorio de Análisis de Información Geográfica y Estadística, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Av. Periférico Sur S/N, Chiapas, 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico – sequence: 6 givenname: Ubaldo surname: Caballero fullname: Caballero, Ubaldo organization: Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Av. Periférico Sur S/N, Chiapas, 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico – sequence: 7 givenname: Armando surname: Luis-Martínez fullname: Luis-Martínez, Armando organization: Museo de Zoología Alfonso L. Herrera, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-399, 04510, D.F. Mexico, Mexico |
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Copyright | Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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Notes | National Council of Science and Technology in Mexico - No. CB-2008-01: 102875 istex:F73C87AA075A0037900CA4454C9C60E1C70C68FD Appendix S1. Checklist of butterfly species distributed below 1000 m elevation. Appendix S2. Checklist of butterfly species distributed above 1000 m elevation.Appendix S3. Description and spatial changes of land use types in the study area between 1988 and 2010. ArticleID:DDI12473 ark:/67375/WNG-ZC48V84M-P ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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Snippet | Aim: To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988-2011) and investigate whether these changes... Aim To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988–2011) and investigate whether these changes... Aim To assess the changes in the elevational distribution of 151 butterfly species over a period of 22 years (1988-2011) and investigate whether these changes... |
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SubjectTerms | Biodiversity BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH Biogeography Butterflies & moths butterfly assemblages climate change elevational gradient Global warming Land use mountain biodiversity Oaxaca tropical montane ecosystem |
Title | Changes in butterfly distributions and species assemblages on a Neotropical mountain range in response to global warming and anthropogenic land use |
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