Diet, Lifestyle, Biomarkers, Genetic Factors, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Nurses' Health Studies

To review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Diets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and s...

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Published inAmerican journal of public health (1971) Vol. 106; no. 9; pp. 1616 - 1623
Main Authors Yu, Edward, Rimm, Eric, Qi, Lu, Rexrode, Kathryn, Albert, Christine M, Sun, Qi, Willett, Walter C, Hu, Frank B, Manson, JoAnn E
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Public Health Association 01.09.2016
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Abstract To review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Diets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies. The NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
AbstractList Objectives. To review the contributions of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Results. Diets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies. Conclusions. The NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
OBJECTIVESTo review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women.METHODSWe performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016.RESULTSDiets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies.CONCLUSIONSThe NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
To review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Diets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies. The NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
To review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Diets lowin trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shiftwork, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies. The NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
Objectives. To review the contributions of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016. Results. Diets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies. Conclusions. The NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
Author Qi, Lu
Hu, Frank B
Rexrode, Kathryn
Albert, Christine M
Manson, JoAnn E
Sun, Qi
Willett, Walter C
Yu, Edward
Rimm, Eric
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  organization: Edward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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  organization: Edward Yu, Eric Rimm, Qi Sun, Walter C. Willett, and Frank B. Hu are with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lu Qi is with the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA. Kathryn Rexrode, Christine M. Albert, and JoAnn E. Manson are with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27459449$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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American Public Health Association 2016 2016
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CONTRIBUTORS
E. Yu wrote and revised the article. E. Rimm, L. Qi, K. Rexrode, C. M. Albert, Q. Sun, W. C. Willett, F. B. Hu, and J. E. Manson edited and commented on the article.
Because of space restrictions and the large volume of references relevant to the Nurses’ Health Study, additional references are provided in a supplement to the online version of this article at http://www.ajph.org.
EDITOR’S NOTE
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Snippet To review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. We performed a narrative...
Objectives. To review the contributions of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. Methods. We...
To review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. We performed a narrative...
OBJECTIVESTo review the contributions of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women.METHODSWe performed...
Objectives. To review the contributions of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women. Methods. We...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Aging
AJPH Special Section: NHS Contributions
Alcohol use
Beverages
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - analysis
Body mass index
Carbohydrates
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - genetics
Cohort analysis
Diet
Dietary guidelines
Endocrine therapy
Epidemiologic Studies
Epidemiology
Exercise
Exercise/Physical Activity
Fatty acids
Female
Food
Fruits
Genetic factors
Genetics
Glycemic index
Health care
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Heart attacks
Humans
Hypertension
Life Style
Lifestyles
Longitudinal Studies
Middle Aged
Mortality
Nurses
Nutrition/Food
Oils & fats
Other Chronic Disease
Prospective Studies
Public health
Risk Factors
Stroke
Studies
Trans fats
United States - epidemiology
Women's Health
Womens health
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Title Diet, Lifestyle, Biomarkers, Genetic Factors, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Nurses' Health Studies
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