Effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length of thermal smoke flow in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel
•Experimental study on backlayering length of thermal smoke flow in a model tunnel.•Blockages with different blockage ratios upstream of fire source were considered.•The effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length was studied.•A new expression was proposed to predict the backlayering length. Exp...
Saved in:
| Published in | Applied thermal engineering Vol. 132; pp. 1 - 7 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
05.03.2018
Elsevier BV |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | •Experimental study on backlayering length of thermal smoke flow in a model tunnel.•Blockages with different blockage ratios upstream of fire source were considered.•The effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length was studied.•A new expression was proposed to predict the backlayering length.
Experiments were conducted in a reduced-scale tunnel to investigate the effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Model vehicle blockages are placed upstream of the fire source and blockage ratios are ranged in 0.13–0.51. It is found that when there is no blockage in the tunnel, experimental data can be well correlated by Li model. However, when there is blockage upstream of the fire source, the backlayering length is shown to be lower than the predictions of Li model. Tang model fails to collapse the experimental data in the present work due to the difference in blockage ratio. A new expression by considering the factor blockage ratio is proposed to predict the backlayering length of smoke flow, which is shown to well collapse the experimental measurements. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | •Experimental study on backlayering length of thermal smoke flow in a model tunnel.•Blockages with different blockage ratios upstream of fire source were considered.•The effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length was studied.•A new expression was proposed to predict the backlayering length.
Experiments were conducted in a reduced-scale tunnel to investigate the effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Model vehicle blockages are placed upstream of the fire source and blockage ratios are ranged in 0.13–0.51. It is found that when there is no blockage in the tunnel, experimental data can be well correlated by Li model. However, when there is blockage upstream of the fire source, the backlayering length is shown to be lower than the predictions of Li model. Tang model fails to collapse the experimental data in the present work due to the difference in blockage ratio. A new expression by considering the factor blockage ratio is proposed to predict the backlayering length of smoke flow, which is shown to well collapse the experimental measurements. Experiments were conducted in a reduced-scale tunnel to investigate the effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Model vehicle blockages are placed upstream of the fire source and blockage ratios are ranged in 0.13–0.51. It is found that when there is no blockage in the tunnel, experimental data can be well correlated by Li model. However, when there is blockage upstream of the fire source, the backlayering length is shown to be lower than the predictions of Li model. Tang model fails to collapse the experimental data in the present work due to the difference in blockage ratio. A new expression by considering the factor blockage ratio is proposed to predict the backlayering length of smoke flow, which is shown to well collapse the experimental measurements. |
| Author | Li, Xiao Liu, Beibei Meng, Na Liu, Xiaomei |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Na surname: Meng fullname: Meng, Na email: mengnagirl2002@163.com organization: College of Mining and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaomei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xiaomei organization: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Xiao surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiao organization: College of Mining and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Beibei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Beibei organization: College of Mining and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China |
| BookMark | eNqNkU9PIzEMxSPESgvsfodIcJ0hmUnSVuICiH8SEpfdc-RJnJI2TUqSgvrtmVG57J442Yf3nu2fT8lxTBEJueCs5Yyry1UL222or5g3EDAu247xWcu7lilxRE74fNY3UjF1PPa9XDSi5_wnOS1lxRjv5jNxQtZ3zqGpNDk6hGTWsESaofpEU6QDmHWAPWYfl3QaUF8n4ddAWjZpjdSF9EF9pEBDiktfd9ZHCGFP3zFWH6CipXUXI4Zf5IeDUPD3Vz0jf-_v_tw-Ns8vD0-318-NEZ2oDQxzJvqBc2tN7xYdSqtgUAASHZNo1JxJYTulhBuEsKCYkxJBwgLBKuv6M3J-yN3m9LbDUvUq7fK4VNEdE3wmFoqLUXVzUJmcSsnotPF1ujzWDD5ozvQEWa_0v5D1BFnzTo-Qx5Cr_0K22W8g779rvz_YccTx7jHrYjxGg9bn8SvaJv-9oE8XKKgo |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2018_04_028 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10973_023_12670_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2023_105478 crossref_primary_10_1177_0734904119857543 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jweia_2020_104397 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_firesaf_2025_104377 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_firesaf_2023_104077 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2020_103498 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_firesaf_2024_104197 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2023_105375 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2021_104165 crossref_primary_10_3390_fire7080269 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijthermalsci_2021_107415 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2020_103304 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12136775 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csite_2025_105926 crossref_primary_10_1002_fam_3040 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings12071006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csite_2023_103404 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2022_104790 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2023_105147 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2022_104774 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2020_103580 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2022_104410 crossref_primary_10_1002_fam_2801 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2018_05_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csite_2021_101472 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2021_104129 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csite_2023_103878 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tust_2018_08_039 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.tust.2009.11.004 10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00042-6 10.1016/j.tust.2015.03.003 10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.07.003 10.1016/j.tust.2013.09.014 10.1016/S0379-7112(01)00020-0 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.085 10.1016/S0886-7798(02)00018-4 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.173 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.001 10.1177/0734904105044630 10.1016/j.jweia.2017.08.003 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.06.033 10.1177/0734904112443508 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.04.003 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.08.003 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.094 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.06.013 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.03.005 10.1016/j.tust.2014.12.010 10.1016/j.tust.2015.12.013 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.11.019 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.064 10.1016/S0379-7112(96)00061-6 10.1016/j.tust.2015.09.008 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.081 10.1016/S0379-7112(00)00031-X 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.12.012 10.1016/0379-7112(96)00007-0 10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.008 10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.017 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2017 Elsevier Ltd Copyright Elsevier BV Mar 5, 2018 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2017 Elsevier Ltd – notice: Copyright Elsevier BV Mar 5, 2018 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7TB 8FD FR3 KR7 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database Civil Engineering Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Civil Engineering Abstracts Engineering Research Database Technology Research Database Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Civil Engineering Abstracts |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1873-5606 |
| EndPage | 7 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_applthermaleng_2017_12_064 S1359431117361756 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 23M 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAHCO AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AARJD AAXUO ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABNUV ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACRLP ADBBV ADEWK ADEZE ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHIDL AHJVU AHPOS AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKURH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AXJTR BELTK BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD ENUVR EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA HVGLF IHE J1W JARJE JJJVA KOM M41 MO0 MS~ N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SPC SPCBC SSG SSR SST SSZ T5K TN5 ~G- AAQXK AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ABXDB ACNNM ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADMUD ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AFXIZ AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN BNPGV CITATION FGOYB HZ~ R2- SEW SSH 7TB 8FD EFKBS FR3 KR7 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-ab8043b11ddc3f92e5d6ab6aa5ef05ec68054d2664fb44da60f55ea5a9ead6df3 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 1359-4311 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 25 06:38:22 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:27:35 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:57:31 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:33:34 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Backlayering length, blockage ratio Tunnel fire Longitudinal ventilation |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c424t-ab8043b11ddc3f92e5d6ab6aa5ef05ec68054d2664fb44da60f55ea5a9ead6df3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 2041749614 |
| PQPubID | 2045278 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2041749614 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_applthermaleng_2017_12_064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_applthermaleng_2017_12_064 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_applthermaleng_2017_12_064 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2018-03-05 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-03-05 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2018 text: 2018-03-05 day: 05 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Oxford |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford |
| PublicationTitle | Applied thermal engineering |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier BV |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier BV |
| References | Wu, Bakar (b0040) 2000; 35 Li, Cheng, Cui, Li, Zhang (b0150) 2012; 30 Wang, Sun, Liu, Yan, Qin, Zhang (b0160) 2016; 109 Oka, Atkinson (b0145) 1995; 25 W.H. Hong, The progress and controlling situation of Daegu subway fire disaster, In: 6th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea, 2004, March 17–20, pp. 28–46. Kunsch (b0050) 2002; 37 Lee, Tsai (b0165) 2012; 53 Mei, Tang, Ling, Yu (b0025) 2017; 111 Zhang, Cheng, Yao, Zhu, Li, Lu, Zhang, Zhang (b0135) 2016; 99 Tsai, Lee, Lee (b0065) 2011; 46 Fan, Yang (b0120) 2017; 82 Hu, Peng, Huo (b0075) 2008; 150 Yi, Xu, Xu, Wu (b0090) 2014; 43 Hu, Huo, Chow (b0080) 2008; 32 Tang, Li, Mei, Dong (b0085) 2016; 106 Lee, Ryou (b0055) 2005; 23 Kang (b0060) 2010; 25 Leitner (b0010) 2001; 16 P.H. Thomas, The Movement of Buoyant Fluid Against a Stream and Venting of Underground Fires, Fire Research Note, No. 351, Fire Research Station, Watford, UK, 1958. Weng, Lu, Liu, Shi, Yu (b0115) 2015; 47 Tang, Liu, Yuan, Fang (b0095) 2017; 90 Tang, Hu, Chen (b0125) 2013; 60 Chen, Hu, Tang, Yi (b0110) 2013; 59 Wang (b0070) 2012; 49 Li, Lei, Ingason (b0105) 2010; 45 Wang, Wang (b0155) 2016; 51 Meng, Hu, Wu, Yang, Zhu, Chen, Tang (b0030) 2014; 40 Tang, He, Shi (b0035) 2017; 170 Atkinson, Wu (b0045) 1996; 27 Meng, Hu, Zhu, Yang (b0020) 2014; 43 Gannouni, Maad (b0130) 2015; 48 Zhang, Yao, Zhu, Li, Zhang, Lu, Cheng (b0140) 2016; 53 Vuilleumier, Weatherill, Crausaz (b0005) 2002; 17 Mei (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0025) 2017; 111 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0015 Kang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0060) 2010; 25 Weng (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0115) 2015; 47 Tang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0085) 2016; 106 Wang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0155) 2016; 51 Meng (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0020) 2014; 43 Vuilleumier (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0005) 2002; 17 Zhang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0135) 2016; 99 Hu (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0080) 2008; 32 Fan (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0120) 2017; 82 Li (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0105) 2010; 45 Leitner (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0010) 2001; 16 Kunsch (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0050) 2002; 37 Oka (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0145) 1995; 25 Wu (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0040) 2000; 35 Li (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0150) 2012; 30 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0100 Lee (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0055) 2005; 23 Meng (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0030) 2014; 40 Tang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0095) 2017; 90 Yi (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0090) 2014; 43 Wang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0160) 2016; 109 Hu (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0075) 2008; 150 Wang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0070) 2012; 49 Atkinson (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0045) 1996; 27 Zhang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0140) 2016; 53 Gannouni (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0130) 2015; 48 Tang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0125) 2013; 60 Lee (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0165) 2012; 53 Tang (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0035) 2017; 170 Tsai (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0065) 2011; 46 Chen (10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0110) 2013; 59 |
| References_xml | – reference: P.H. Thomas, The Movement of Buoyant Fluid Against a Stream and Venting of Underground Fires, Fire Research Note, No. 351, Fire Research Station, Watford, UK, 1958. – volume: 25 start-page: 205 year: 2010 end-page: 211 ident: b0060 article-title: Characteristic length scale of critical ventilation velocity in tunnel smoke control publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 53 start-page: 13 year: 2016 end-page: 21 ident: b0140 article-title: Prediction of smoke back-layering length under different longitudinal ventilations in the subway tunnel with metro train publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 46 start-page: 556 year: 2011 end-page: 557 ident: b0065 article-title: Critical ventilation velocity for tunnel fires occurring near tunnel exits publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 17 start-page: 153 year: 2002 end-page: 158 ident: b0005 article-title: Safety aspects of railway and road tunnel: example of the Lötschberg railway tunnel and Mont-Blanc road tunnel publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 170 start-page: 141 year: 2017 end-page: 148 ident: b0035 article-title: Experimental study on thermal smoke layer thickness with various upstream blockage-fire distances in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel publication-title: J. Wind Eng. Indust, Aerodyn. – volume: 37 start-page: 67 year: 2002 end-page: 81 ident: b0050 article-title: Simple model for control of fire gases in a ventilated tunnel publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 23 start-page: 119 year: 2005 end-page: 138 ident: b0055 article-title: An experimental study of the effect of the aspect ratio on the critical velocity in longitudinal ventilation tunnel fires publication-title: J. Fire Sci. – volume: 99 start-page: 214 year: 2016 end-page: 223 ident: b0135 article-title: An experimental investigation on blockage effect of metro train on the smoke back-layering in subway tunnel fires publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. – volume: 90 start-page: 139 year: 2017 end-page: 147 ident: b0095 article-title: Study of the critical velocity in tunnels with longitudinal ventilation and spray systems publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 43 start-page: 204 year: 2014 end-page: 212 ident: b0020 article-title: Effect of smoke screen height on smoke flow temperature profile beneath platform ceiling of subway station: an experimental investigation and scaling correlation publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 27 start-page: 335 year: 1996 end-page: 341 ident: b0045 article-title: Smoke control in sloping tunnels publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 60 start-page: 7 year: 2013 end-page: 14 ident: b0125 article-title: Effect of blockage-fire distance on buoyancy driven back-layering length and critical velocity in a tunnel: an experimental investigation and global correlations publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. – volume: 16 start-page: 217 year: 2001 end-page: 223 ident: b0010 article-title: The fire catastrophe in the Tauern Tunnel: experience and conclusions for the Austrian guidelines publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 111 start-page: 248 year: 2017 end-page: 256 ident: b0025 article-title: Evolution characteristics of fire smoke layer thickness in a mechanical ventilation tunnel with multiple point extraction publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. – volume: 32 start-page: 1468 year: 2008 end-page: 1483 ident: b0080 article-title: Studies on buoyancy-driven back-layering flow in tunnel fires publication-title: Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. – volume: 47 start-page: 64 year: 2015 end-page: 72 ident: b0115 article-title: Prediction of backlayering length and critical velocity in metro tunnel fires publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 25 start-page: 305 year: 1995 end-page: 322 ident: b0145 article-title: Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 40 start-page: 151 year: 2014 end-page: 159 ident: b0030 article-title: Numerical study on the optimization of smoke ventilation mode at the conjunction area between tunnel track and platform in emergency of a train fire at subway station publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 43 start-page: 198 year: 2014 end-page: 203 ident: b0090 article-title: An experimental study on critical velocity in sloping tunnel with longitudinal ventilation under fire publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 45 start-page: 361 year: 2010 end-page: 370 ident: b0105 article-title: Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 109 start-page: 344 year: 2016 end-page: 350 ident: b0160 article-title: Simulation of back-layering length in tunnel fire with vertical shafts publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. – volume: 48 start-page: 147 year: 2015 end-page: 155 ident: b0130 article-title: Numerical study of the effect of blockage on critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – reference: W.H. Hong, The progress and controlling situation of Daegu subway fire disaster, In: 6th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea, 2004, March 17–20, pp. 28–46. – volume: 35 start-page: 363 year: 2000 end-page: 390 ident: b0040 article-title: Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires using longitudinal ventilation systems - a study of the critical velocity publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 150 start-page: 68 year: 2008 end-page: 75 ident: b0075 article-title: Critical wind velocity for arresting upwind gas and smoke dispersion induced by near-wall fire in a road tunnel publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater. – volume: 106 start-page: 125 year: 2016 end-page: 130 ident: b0085 article-title: Thermal smoke back-layering flow length with ceiling extraction at upstream side of fire source in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. – volume: 49 start-page: 10 year: 2012 end-page: 21 ident: b0070 article-title: Numerical and theoretical evaluations of the propagation of smoke and fire in a full-scale tunnel publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 30 start-page: 413 year: 2012 end-page: 427 ident: b0150 article-title: Effect of blockage ratio on critical velocity in tunnel fires publication-title: J. Fire Sci. – volume: 82 start-page: 262 year: 2017 end-page: 268 ident: b0120 article-title: Experimental study on thermal smoke backlayering length with an impinging flame under the tunnel ceiling publication-title: Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. – volume: 51 start-page: 405 year: 2016 end-page: 413 ident: b0155 article-title: A computational study on effects of fire location on smoke movement in a road tunnel publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. – volume: 59 start-page: 94 year: 2013 end-page: 101 ident: b0110 article-title: Studies on buoyancy driven two-directional smoke flow layering length with combination of point extraction and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fires publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 53 start-page: 35 year: 2012 end-page: 42 ident: b0165 article-title: Effect of vehicular blockage on critical ventilation velocity and tunnel fire behavior in longitudinally ventilated tunnels publication-title: Fire Safety J. – volume: 25 start-page: 205 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0060 article-title: Characteristic length scale of critical ventilation velocity in tunnel smoke control publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2009.11.004 – volume: 16 start-page: 217 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0010 article-title: The fire catastrophe in the Tauern Tunnel: experience and conclusions for the Austrian guidelines publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00042-6 – volume: 48 start-page: 147 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0130 article-title: Numerical study of the effect of blockage on critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2015.03.003 – volume: 45 start-page: 361 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0105 article-title: Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.07.003 – volume: 40 start-page: 151 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0030 article-title: Numerical study on the optimization of smoke ventilation mode at the conjunction area between tunnel track and platform in emergency of a train fire at subway station publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2013.09.014 – volume: 37 start-page: 67 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0050 article-title: Simple model for control of fire gases in a ventilated tunnel publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/S0379-7112(01)00020-0 – volume: 99 start-page: 214 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0135 article-title: An experimental investigation on blockage effect of metro train on the smoke back-layering in subway tunnel fires publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.085 – volume: 17 start-page: 153 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0005 article-title: Safety aspects of railway and road tunnel: example of the Lötschberg railway tunnel and Mont-Blanc road tunnel publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/S0886-7798(02)00018-4 – volume: 106 start-page: 125 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0085 article-title: Thermal smoke back-layering flow length with ceiling extraction at upstream side of fire source in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.173 – volume: 90 start-page: 139 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0095 article-title: Study of the critical velocity in tunnels with longitudinal ventilation and spray systems publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.001 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0015 – volume: 23 start-page: 119 issue: 2 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0055 article-title: An experimental study of the effect of the aspect ratio on the critical velocity in longitudinal ventilation tunnel fires publication-title: J. Fire Sci. doi: 10.1177/0734904105044630 – volume: 170 start-page: 141 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0035 article-title: Experimental study on thermal smoke layer thickness with various upstream blockage-fire distances in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel publication-title: J. Wind Eng. Indust, Aerodyn. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2017.08.003 – volume: 60 start-page: 7 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0125 article-title: Effect of blockage-fire distance on buoyancy driven back-layering length and critical velocity in a tunnel: an experimental investigation and global correlations publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.06.033 – volume: 30 start-page: 413 issue: 5 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0150 article-title: Effect of blockage ratio on critical velocity in tunnel fires publication-title: J. Fire Sci. doi: 10.1177/0734904112443508 – volume: 59 start-page: 94 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0110 article-title: Studies on buoyancy driven two-directional smoke flow layering length with combination of point extraction and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fires publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.04.003 – volume: 46 start-page: 556 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0065 article-title: Critical ventilation velocity for tunnel fires occurring near tunnel exits publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.08.003 – volume: 150 start-page: 68 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0075 article-title: Critical wind velocity for arresting upwind gas and smoke dispersion induced by near-wall fire in a road tunnel publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.094 – volume: 53 start-page: 35 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0165 article-title: Effect of vehicular blockage on critical ventilation velocity and tunnel fire behavior in longitudinally ventilated tunnels publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.06.013 – volume: 32 start-page: 1468 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0080 article-title: Studies on buoyancy-driven back-layering flow in tunnel fires publication-title: Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.03.005 – volume: 47 start-page: 64 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0115 article-title: Prediction of backlayering length and critical velocity in metro tunnel fires publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2014.12.010 – volume: 53 start-page: 13 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0140 article-title: Prediction of smoke back-layering length under different longitudinal ventilations in the subway tunnel with metro train publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2015.12.013 – volume: 82 start-page: 262 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0120 article-title: Experimental study on thermal smoke backlayering length with an impinging flame under the tunnel ceiling publication-title: Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.11.019 – volume: 111 start-page: 248 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0025 article-title: Evolution characteristics of fire smoke layer thickness in a mechanical ventilation tunnel with multiple point extraction publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.064 – volume: 27 start-page: 335 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0045 article-title: Smoke control in sloping tunnels publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/S0379-7112(96)00061-6 – volume: 51 start-page: 405 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0155 article-title: A computational study on effects of fire location on smoke movement in a road tunnel publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2015.09.008 – volume: 109 start-page: 344 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0160 article-title: Simulation of back-layering length in tunnel fire with vertical shafts publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.081 – volume: 35 start-page: 363 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0040 article-title: Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires using longitudinal ventilation systems - a study of the critical velocity publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/S0379-7112(00)00031-X – volume: 49 start-page: 10 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0070 article-title: Numerical and theoretical evaluations of the propagation of smoke and fire in a full-scale tunnel publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.12.012 – volume: 25 start-page: 305 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0145 article-title: Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires publication-title: Fire Safety J. doi: 10.1016/0379-7112(96)00007-0 – volume: 43 start-page: 204 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0020 article-title: Effect of smoke screen height on smoke flow temperature profile beneath platform ceiling of subway station: an experimental investigation and scaling correlation publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.008 – ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0100 – volume: 43 start-page: 198 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064_b0090 article-title: An experimental study on critical velocity in sloping tunnel with longitudinal ventilation under fire publication-title: Tunnel. Undergr. Space Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.017 |
| SSID | ssj0012874 |
| Score | 2.4086335 |
| Snippet | •Experimental study on backlayering length of thermal smoke flow in a model tunnel.•Blockages with different blockage ratios upstream of fire source were... Experiments were conducted in a reduced-scale tunnel to investigate the effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel.... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1 |
| SubjectTerms | Backlayering length, blockage ratio Collapse Longitudinal ventilation Mathematical models Smoke Tunnel fire Tunnels Upstream Ventilation |
| Title | Effect of blockage ratio on backlayering length of thermal smoke flow in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.064 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2041749614 |
| Volume | 132 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT9wwELYQSFU5VKUU8ViQD1zDxontrNVDtUKgLahcWiRulh3bYtlsgiCrikt_OzPehAISElKPSexkNDOeh_N5hpBDz1JvjTJY3y4kYP1kMmIFg-UegstkXjKH-5A_L-Tkkp9diasVctyfhUFYZWf7lzY9WuvuzrDj5vB2Oh3-YrlQ4P4YK3JwwwLLbnNeoJYf_X2CeTCs5x6TLqESHP2BHP7DeOFPYoyz5gbbliDQq4ibg5K_5aZeGezohU4_k09d-EjHSwo3yIqvv5D1Z0UFN8lsWZCYNoFa8FQzMBg0ipk2NbWmnFXmIQ6lSE17jQM76uj9vJl5GqrmD53W1NCqwXZGC4ets6oHGrGRFUSnjrYLBMh8JZenJ7-PJ0nXUiEpecbbxNhRynPLmHNlHlTmhZPGSmOED6nwpRxBCAcykjxYzp2RaRDCG2EUaJx0Id8iq3VT-21CrbVFqSCpLYPgARI3b0aKZ6nxGS-UEDvkW89BXXb1xrHtRaV7YNmNfsl_jfzXLNPA_x0inmbfLutuvHPe915Y-oUeaXAR73zDoJex7tbzPTznkLopiGV2__sDe-QjXMWDjakYkNX2buH3IbJp7UFU3QOyNv5xPrl4BEGA_hQ |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VIvE4IJ6iUMCHcgwbJ7azFkIIAdWWPi60Um_Gjm2xbJpUbFbVXvhT_EHGXqdQJKRKqNc4dkaf7Xk4n2cAthzNndFSh_x2PkPtJ7IxrShud-9tIcqa2nAOuX8gJkfs0zE_XoOfw12YQKtMun-l06O2Tk9GCc3R6XQ6-kxLLtH8UVqVaIa5SMzKXbc8w7ht_mbnA07yy6LY_nj4fpKl0gJZzQrWZ9qMc1YaSq2tSy8Lx63QRmjNnc-5q8UYXRmUVTBvGLNa5J5zp7mWiLywvsRxr8F1huoilE149eOcV0JDAvkY5XGZBfFuwNZvUln4Kx0cuxMd6qQEZlkVTyMF-5dd_MtCRLO3fRfuJH-VvFtBcg_WXHsfbv-RxfABzFYZkEnniUHTOEMNReK6Il1LjK5njV7GV0mQpv8aXkzSkflJN3PEN90ZmbZEk6YL9ZMWNtTqapYkkjEbdIct6ReBkfMQjq4E6Eew3natewzEGFPVEqPo2nPmMVJ0eixZkWtXsEpyvgGvBwRVnRKchzobjRqYbN_URfxVwF_RQiH-G8DPe5-uEn1cst_bYbLUhYWr0CZdcoTNYY5VUiBzbGcYK0p0np789wdewM3J4f6e2ts52H0Kt7Al3qrM-Sas998X7hm6Vb15HpcxgS9XvW9-AThIPAs |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect+of+blockage+ratio+on+backlayering+length+of+thermal+smoke+flow+in+a+longitudinally+ventilated+tunnel&rft.jtitle=Applied+thermal+engineering&rft.au=Meng%2C+Na&rft.au=Liu%2C+Xiaomei&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiao&rft.au=Liu%2C+Beibei&rft.date=2018-03-05&rft.pub=Elsevier+BV&rft.issn=1359-4311&rft.eissn=1873-5606&rft.volume=132&rft.spage=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.applthermaleng.2017.12.064&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1359-4311&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1359-4311&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1359-4311&client=summon |