Chitosan mouthwash: Toxicity and in vivo validation
•Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited bacterial counts of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.•Chitosan mouthwash reduced bacterial counts by ca. 5.5 logs of CFU.•Chitosan mouthwash had...
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Published in | Carbohydrate polymers Vol. 111; pp. 385 - 392 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
13.10.2014
Elsevier |
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Abstract | •Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited bacterial counts of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.•Chitosan mouthwash reduced bacterial counts by ca. 5.5 logs of CFU.•Chitosan mouthwash had higher antimicrobial activity than a commercial mouthwash.
A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher antibiofilm activity than two commercial mouthwashes. As such, the aim of this work was to verify the safety of the developed product and to validate, in vivo, the biological activity ascertained in vitro. Chitosan mouthwash safety was evaluated through Ames, MTT and V79 chromosomal aberration assay while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through in vivo assays. The results showed that the chitosan mouthwash was safe, presenting lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash, and that it effectively reduced viable counts of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. by ca. 5.5 log of CFU. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a commercial mouthwash the chitosan mouthwash possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity. The conjunction of these results proves that the chitosan mouthwash is a safe, effective, natural alternative to the existent chemical mouthwashes. |
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AbstractList | •Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited bacterial counts of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.•Chitosan mouthwash reduced bacterial counts by ca. 5.5 logs of CFU.•Chitosan mouthwash had higher antimicrobial activity than a commercial mouthwash.
A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher antibiofilm activity than two commercial mouthwashes. As such, the aim of this work was to verify the safety of the developed product and to validate, in vivo, the biological activity ascertained in vitro. Chitosan mouthwash safety was evaluated through Ames, MTT and V79 chromosomal aberration assay while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through in vivo assays. The results showed that the chitosan mouthwash was safe, presenting lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash, and that it effectively reduced viable counts of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. by ca. 5.5 log of CFU. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a commercial mouthwash the chitosan mouthwash possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity. The conjunction of these results proves that the chitosan mouthwash is a safe, effective, natural alternative to the existent chemical mouthwashes. A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher antibiofilm activity than two commercial mouthwashes. As such, the aim of this work was to verify the safety of the developed product and to validate, in vivo, the biological activity ascertained in vitro. Chitosan mouthwash safety was evaluated through Ames, MTT and V79 chromosomal aberration assay while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through in vivo assays. The results showed that the chitosan mouthwash was safe, presenting lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash, and that it effectively reduced viable counts of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. by ca. 5.5 log of CFU. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a commercial mouthwash the chitosan mouthwash possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity. The conjunction of these results proves that the chitosan mouthwash is a safe, effective, natural alternative to the existent chemical mouthwashes. |
Author | Rodrigues, A.S. Campos, D.A. Silva, S. Cardelle-Cobas, A. Costa, M.R. Pereira, M. Tavaria, F.K. Odila, J. Pintado, M.M. Madureira, A.R. Costa, E.M. |
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Keywords | Antimicrobial In vivo Mouthwash Chitosan MTT Ames Biological properties Human Toxicity Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Mouth rince Experimental study In vitro Antimicrobial agent Bactericidal effect Oside polymer |
Language | English |
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Snippet | •Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited... A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher... |
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SubjectTerms | Ames Animals Anti-Infective Agents, Local - chemistry Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology Anti-Infective Agents, Local - toxicity Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents Antimicrobial Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Chitosan Chitosan - chemistry Chitosan - pharmacology Chitosan - toxicity Chromosome Aberrations - drug effects Cricetulus Enterococcus - drug effects Exact sciences and technology Humans In vivo Medical sciences Microbial Sensitivity Tests Miscellaneous. Antibiotics with multiple activities Mouthwash Mouthwashes - chemistry Mouthwashes - pharmacology Mouthwashes - toxicity MTT Mutagenicity Tests Natural polymers Pharmacology. Drug treatments Physicochemistry of polymers Starch and polysaccharides Streptococcal Infections - prevention & control Streptococcus - drug effects |
Title | Chitosan mouthwash: Toxicity and in vivo validation |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.046 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037365 |
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