Chitosan mouthwash: Toxicity and in vivo validation

•Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited bacterial counts of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.•Chitosan mouthwash reduced bacterial counts by ca. 5.5 logs of CFU.•Chitosan mouthwash had...

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Published inCarbohydrate polymers Vol. 111; pp. 385 - 392
Main Authors Costa, E.M., Silva, S., Costa, M.R., Pereira, M., Campos, D.A., Odila, J., Madureira, A.R., Cardelle-Cobas, A., Tavaria, F.K., Rodrigues, A.S., Pintado, M.M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 13.10.2014
Elsevier
Subjects
Ames
Animals
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - chemistry
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - toxicity
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Antimicrobial
Applied sciences
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Chitosan
Chitosan - chemistry
Chitosan - pharmacology
Chitosan - toxicity
Chromosome Aberrations - drug effects
Cricetulus
Enterococcus - drug effects
Exact sciences and technology
Humans
In vivo
Medical sciences
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Miscellaneous. Antibiotics with multiple activities
Mouthwash
Mouthwashes - chemistry
Mouthwashes - pharmacology
Mouthwashes - toxicity
MTT
Mutagenicity Tests
Natural polymers
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Physicochemistry of polymers
Starch and polysaccharides
Streptococcal Infections - prevention & control
Streptococcus - drug effects
Antimicrobial
In vivo
Mouthwash
Chitosan
MTT
Ames
Biological properties
Human
Toxicity
Genotoxicity
Cytotoxicity
Mouth rince
Experimental study
In vitro
Antimicrobial agent
Bactericidal effect
Oside polymer
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Abstract •Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited bacterial counts of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.•Chitosan mouthwash reduced bacterial counts by ca. 5.5 logs of CFU.•Chitosan mouthwash had higher antimicrobial activity than a commercial mouthwash. A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher antibiofilm activity than two commercial mouthwashes. As such, the aim of this work was to verify the safety of the developed product and to validate, in vivo, the biological activity ascertained in vitro. Chitosan mouthwash safety was evaluated through Ames, MTT and V79 chromosomal aberration assay while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through in vivo assays. The results showed that the chitosan mouthwash was safe, presenting lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash, and that it effectively reduced viable counts of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. by ca. 5.5 log of CFU. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a commercial mouthwash the chitosan mouthwash possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity. The conjunction of these results proves that the chitosan mouthwash is a safe, effective, natural alternative to the existent chemical mouthwashes.
AbstractList •Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited bacterial counts of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.•Chitosan mouthwash reduced bacterial counts by ca. 5.5 logs of CFU.•Chitosan mouthwash had higher antimicrobial activity than a commercial mouthwash. A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher antibiofilm activity than two commercial mouthwashes. As such, the aim of this work was to verify the safety of the developed product and to validate, in vivo, the biological activity ascertained in vitro. Chitosan mouthwash safety was evaluated through Ames, MTT and V79 chromosomal aberration assay while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through in vivo assays. The results showed that the chitosan mouthwash was safe, presenting lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash, and that it effectively reduced viable counts of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. by ca. 5.5 log of CFU. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a commercial mouthwash the chitosan mouthwash possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity. The conjunction of these results proves that the chitosan mouthwash is a safe, effective, natural alternative to the existent chemical mouthwashes.
A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher antibiofilm activity than two commercial mouthwashes. As such, the aim of this work was to verify the safety of the developed product and to validate, in vivo, the biological activity ascertained in vitro. Chitosan mouthwash safety was evaluated through Ames, MTT and V79 chromosomal aberration assay while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through in vivo assays. The results showed that the chitosan mouthwash was safe, presenting lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash, and that it effectively reduced viable counts of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. by ca. 5.5 log of CFU. Furthermore, in direct comparison with a commercial mouthwash the chitosan mouthwash possessed significantly higher antimicrobial activity. The conjunction of these results proves that the chitosan mouthwash is a safe, effective, natural alternative to the existent chemical mouthwashes.
Author Rodrigues, A.S.
Campos, D.A.
Silva, S.
Cardelle-Cobas, A.
Costa, M.R.
Pereira, M.
Tavaria, F.K.
Odila, J.
Pintado, M.M.
Madureira, A.R.
Costa, E.M.
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Keywords Antimicrobial
In vivo
Mouthwash
Chitosan
MTT
Ames
Biological properties
Human
Toxicity
Genotoxicity
Cytotoxicity
Mouth rince
Experimental study
In vitro
Antimicrobial agent
Bactericidal effect
Oside polymer
Language English
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Snippet •Chitosan mouthwash possessed no genotoxicity.•Chitosan mouthwash possessed lower cytotoxicity than a commercial mouthwash.•Chitosan mouthwash inhibited...
A previous study showed that a chitosan mouthwash would be a valid alternative to current mouthwashes as it demonstrated, in vitro, significantly higher...
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SubjectTerms Ames
Animals
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - chemistry
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - toxicity
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Antimicrobial
Applied sciences
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Chitosan
Chitosan - chemistry
Chitosan - pharmacology
Chitosan - toxicity
Chromosome Aberrations - drug effects
Cricetulus
Enterococcus - drug effects
Exact sciences and technology
Humans
In vivo
Medical sciences
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Miscellaneous. Antibiotics with multiple activities
Mouthwash
Mouthwashes - chemistry
Mouthwashes - pharmacology
Mouthwashes - toxicity
MTT
Mutagenicity Tests
Natural polymers
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Physicochemistry of polymers
Starch and polysaccharides
Streptococcal Infections - prevention & control
Streptococcus - drug effects
Title Chitosan mouthwash: Toxicity and in vivo validation
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.046
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037365
Volume 111
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