Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo: Commonalities and Differences

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 8; p. 4409
• Main Authors: Yamaguchi, Hiroki L., Yamaguchi, Yuji, Peeva, Elena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2024
• Subjects: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata - etiology; Alopecia Areata - immunology; Alopecia Areata - metabolism; Alopecia Areata - pathology; Animals; Antigens; Autophagy; B cells; Baldness; Biological response modifiers; Biomarkers; Celiac disease; Chemokines; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Cytomegalovirus; Cytotoxicity; Dendritic cells; Dermatitis; Hair loss; Humans; Immune Privilege; Interferon; Interleukins; Intermedin; Keratin; Ligands; Lymphocytes; Monoclonal antibodies; Pathogenesis; Pharmaceutical industry; Psoriasis; Skin; T cells; Thyroid diseases; Transforming growth factors; Viral infections; Vitiligo; Vitiligo - etiology; Vitiligo - immunology; Vitiligo - metabolism; Vitiligo - pathology; United States; natural killer cell receptor (NKG2D); hair bulge; keratinocyte; melanocyte; interleukin 15 receptor β (IL-15Rβ); MHC class 1 polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA); genome-wide association studies (GWAS); danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP); indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO); hair germ

Both alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are distinct, heterogenous, and complex disease entities, characterized by nonscarring scalp terminal hair loss and skin pigment loss, respectively. In AA, inflammatory cell infiltrates are in the deep reticular dermis close to the hair bulb (swarm of bees), wh...