Salinity tolerances of two Australian freshwater turtles, Chelodina expansa and Emydura macquarii (Testudinata: Chelidae)
Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood. Freshwater turtles are of particular concern as they appear to have limited ability to cope with environmental conditions that are hyperosmotic...
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Published in | Conservation physiology Vol. 4; no. 1; p. cow042 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford University Press
2016
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Abstract | Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood. Freshwater turtles are of particular concern as they appear to have limited ability to cope with environmental conditions that are hyperosmotic to their body fluids. Here, we determined the physiological responses of two Australian freshwater chelid turtles,
and
, exposed to freshwater (0‰) and brackish water (15‰, representing a hyperosmotic environment). Brackish water is common in the Murray-Darling River Basin within the natural range of these species in Australia during periods of drought, yet it is unknown how well these species tolerate saline conditions. We hypothesized that these turtles would be unable to maintain homeostasis in the 15‰ water treatment and would suffer osmotic loss of water, increased ionic concentrations and a decrease in body mass. Results revealed that these turtles had elevated plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, urea and uric acid in the plasma. Plasma ionic concentrations increased proportionally more in
than in
. Individuals of both species reduced feeding in 15‰ water, indicating that behaviour may provide an additional means for freshwater turtles to limit ion/solute influx when in hyperosmotic environments. This osmoregulatory behaviour may allow for persistence of turtles in regions affected by salinization; however, growth rates and body condition may be affected in the long term. Although we demonstrate that these turtles have mechanisms to survive temporarily in saline waters, it is likely that sustained salinization of waterways will exceed their short- to medium-term capacity to survive increased salt levels, making salinization a potentially key threatening process for these freshwater reptiles. |
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AbstractList | Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood. Freshwater turtles are of particular concern as they appear to have limited ability to cope with environmental conditions that are hyperosmotic to their body fluids. Here, we determined the physiological responses of two Australian freshwater chelid turtles, Emydura macquarii and Chelodina expansa, exposed to freshwater (0[per thousand]) and brackish water (15[per thousand], representing a hyperosmotic environment). Brackish water is common in the Murray-Darling River Basin within the natural range of these species in Australia during periods of drought, yet it is unknown how well these species tolerate saline conditions. We hypothesized that these turtles would be unable to maintain homeostasis in the 15[per thousand] water treatment and would suffer osmotic loss of water, increased ionic concentrations and a decrease in body mass. Results revealed that these turtles had elevated plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, urea and uric acid in the plasma. Plasma ionic concentrations increased proportionally more in E. macquarii than in C. expansa. Individuals of both species reduced feeding in 15[per thousand] water, indicating that behaviour may provide an additional means for freshwater turtles to limit ion/solute influx when in hyperosmotic environments. This osmoregulatory behaviour may allow for persistence of turtles in regions affected by salinization; however, growth rates and body condition may be affected in the long term. Although we demonstrate that these turtles have mechanisms to survive temporarily in saline waters, it is likely that sustained salinization of waterways will exceed their short- to medium-term capacity to survive increased salt levels, making salinization a potentially key threatening process for these freshwater reptiles. Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood. Freshwater turtles are of particular concern as they appear to have limited ability to cope with environmental conditions that are hyperosmotic to their body fluids. Here, we determined the physiological responses of two Australian freshwater chelid turtles, Emydura macquarii and Chelodina expansa, exposed to freshwater (0[per thousand]) and brackish water (15[per thousand], representing a hyperosmotic environment). Brackish water is common in the Murray-Darling River Basin within the natural range of these species in Australia during periods of drought, yet it is unknown how well these species tolerate saline conditions. We hypothesized that these turtles would be unable to maintain homeostasis in the 15[per thousand] water treatment and would suffer osmotic loss of water, increased ionic concentrations and a decrease in body mass. Results revealed that these turtles had elevated plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, urea and uric acid in the plasma. Plasma ionic concentrations increased proportionally more in E. macquarii than in C. expansa. Individuals of both species reduced feeding in 15[per thousand] water, indicating that behaviour may provide an additional means for freshwater turtles to limit ion/solute influx when in hyperosmotic environments. This osmoregulatory behaviour may allow for persistence of turtles in regions affected by salinization; however, growth rates and body condition may be affected in the long term. Although we demonstrate that these turtles have mechanisms to survive temporarily in saline waters, it is likely that sustained salinization of waterways will exceed their short- to medium-term capacity to survive increased salt levels, making salinization a potentially key threatening process for these freshwater reptiles. Key words: chloride, salinization, salt, sodium, tortoise, urea Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood. Freshwater turtles are of particular concern as they appear to have limited ability to cope with environmental conditions that are hyperosmotic to their body fluids. Here, we determined the physiological responses of two Australian freshwater chelid turtles, and , exposed to freshwater (0‰) and brackish water (15‰, representing a hyperosmotic environment). Brackish water is common in the Murray-Darling River Basin within the natural range of these species in Australia during periods of drought, yet it is unknown how well these species tolerate saline conditions. We hypothesized that these turtles would be unable to maintain homeostasis in the 15‰ water treatment and would suffer osmotic loss of water, increased ionic concentrations and a decrease in body mass. Results revealed that these turtles had elevated plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, urea and uric acid in the plasma. Plasma ionic concentrations increased proportionally more in than in . Individuals of both species reduced feeding in 15‰ water, indicating that behaviour may provide an additional means for freshwater turtles to limit ion/solute influx when in hyperosmotic environments. This osmoregulatory behaviour may allow for persistence of turtles in regions affected by salinization; however, growth rates and body condition may be affected in the long term. Although we demonstrate that these turtles have mechanisms to survive temporarily in saline waters, it is likely that sustained salinization of waterways will exceed their short- to medium-term capacity to survive increased salt levels, making salinization a potentially key threatening process for these freshwater reptiles. Two species of Australian freshwater turtle were submerged in either water of 0‰ or 15‰ over 50 days. Turtles in 15‰ water reduced feeding and had raised plasma ionic concentrations of sodium, chloride, urea and uric acid to decrease dehydration and enable survival. Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood. Freshwater turtles are of particular concern as they appear to have limited ability to cope with environmental conditions that are hyperosmotic to their body fluids. Here, we determined the physiological responses of two Australian freshwater chelid turtles, Emydura macquarii and Chelodina expansa , exposed to freshwater (0‰) and brackish water (15‰, representing a hyperosmotic environment). Brackish water is common in the Murray–Darling River Basin within the natural range of these species in Australia during periods of drought, yet it is unknown how well these species tolerate saline conditions. We hypothesized that these turtles would be unable to maintain homeostasis in the 15‰ water treatment and would suffer osmotic loss of water, increased ionic concentrations and a decrease in body mass. Results revealed that these turtles had elevated plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, urea and uric acid in the plasma. Plasma ionic concentrations increased proportionally more in E. macquarii than in C. expansa . Individuals of both species reduced feeding in 15‰ water, indicating that behaviour may provide an additional means for freshwater turtles to limit ion/solute influx when in hyperosmotic environments. This osmoregulatory behaviour may allow for persistence of turtles in regions affected by salinization; however, growth rates and body condition may be affected in the long term. Although we demonstrate that these turtles have mechanisms to survive temporarily in saline waters, it is likely that sustained salinization of waterways will exceed their short- to medium-term capacity to survive increased salt levels, making salinization a potentially key threatening process for these freshwater reptiles. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Scheltinga, David M Franklin, Craig E Clulow, John Clulow, Simon Bower, Deborah S Georges, Arthur |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Deborah S surname: Bower fullname: Bower, Deborah S organization: Institute for Applied Ecology , University of Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: David M surname: Scheltinga fullname: Scheltinga, David M organization: Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystem Health Branch , Department of Environment and Resource Management, GPO Box 2454, QLD 4001 , Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Simon surname: Clulow fullname: Clulow, Simon organization: University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW 2308 , Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: John surname: Clulow fullname: Clulow, John organization: University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW 2308 , Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Craig E surname: Franklin fullname: Franklin, Craig E organization: School of Biological Sciences , The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072 , Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: Arthur surname: Georges fullname: Georges, Arthur organization: Institute for Applied Ecology , University of Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia |
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Cites_doi | 10.1007/BF00691116 10.1093/icb/ics073 10.1002/cphy.cp130222 10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.6.R1133 10.2307/1563376 10.1007/s10750-007-0806-3 10.1242/jeb.38.3.659 10.1007/s00360-006-0105-8 10.1071/ZO9840649 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.01.017 10.1007/BF00014327 10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.022 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04320.x 10.2307/1444958 10.1007/s00360-012-0695-2 10.1071/BT02111 10.1016/0300-9629(85)90442-6 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00891.x 10.1242/jeb.46.1.161 10.1016/0016-6480(89)90138-X 10.1007/BF00014328 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.12.009 10.1016/0300-9629(85)90125-2 10.1242/jeb.52.3.691 10.1071/WR11214 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07717.x 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02284.x 10.1046/j.1440-1770.1999.00089.x 10.2307/1563949 10.2307/1442030 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1936.tb00497.x 10.1023/A:1014598509028 10.1002/jez.436 10.1152/physrev.00037.2007 10.1071/BT02115 |
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Keywords | sodium chloride tortoise salt salinization urea |
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Snippet | Freshwater biota experience physiological challenges in regions affected by salinization, but often the effects on particular species are poorly understood.... Two species of Australian freshwater turtle were submerged in either water of 0‰ or 15‰ over 50 days. Turtles in 15‰ water reduced feeding and had raised... |
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StartPage | cow042 |
SubjectTerms | Analysis Common snakeneck turtle Emydidae Physiological aspects Salinity |
Title | Salinity tolerances of two Australian freshwater turtles, Chelodina expansa and Emydura macquarii (Testudinata: Chelidae) |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27757236 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1835495471 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5066387 |
Volume | 4 |
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