Micro-CT evaluation of morphological degenerative features of sterno-clavicular joint for age-at-death estimation in forensic anthropology – A qualitative analysis

• Published in: Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Vol. 67; p. 102374
• Main Authors: Secco, Laura, Padalino, Pasquale, Franceschetto, Lisa, Viero, Alessia, Pizzi, Marco, De Conti, Giorgio, Viel, Guido, Fais, Paolo, Giraudo, Chiara, Cecchetto, Giovanni
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.03.2024
• Subjects: Age estimation; Forensic anthropology; Micro-CT; Sternoclavicular joint; Micro-CT; Forensic anthropology; Age estimation; Sternoclavicular joint
• ISSN: 1344-6223; 1873-4162; 1873-4162
• DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102374

•The sternoclavicular joint plays a crucial role in age estimation in forensic anthropology.•Micro-CT imaging allows for the evaluation of the outer surfaces of bone joints.•Micro-CT assessment of degenerative alterations on the sternoclavicular joint is useful for age-at-death estimation in adults over 30 years old.•Integrating the assessment of degenerative alterations on both the clavicle and sternum enables the differentiation among various age groups. The analysis of the sternoclavicular joint holds significant importance in forensic anthropology, especially through the evaluation of medial clavicular ossification stage, which, however, is helpful only in subjects younger than 30 years of age. Given this limitation, the aim of the present work was to examine, through micro-CT, the surface of sternoclavicular joints of deceased individuals across various age groups, aiming to identify age-related degenerative changes applicable to age estimation in adults over 30 years old. A total of 41 deceased subjects were categorized into three age groups (20–39 years; 40–59 years; ≥60 years) for the analysis. Degenerative morphological features on both clavicular and sternal articular surfaces, including topography, porosity, and presence of osteophytes, were evaluated using a composite scoring system based on a modified “Falys-Prangle method.”, which assigns to each parameter specific score ranges: 1–3 for surface topography (smooth, slightly irregular, markedly irregular), 1–6 for porosity (absent, micro- and macroporosity for <50 % or >50 % of surface, surface breakdown), 1–3 for osteophytes (absent, present, not evaluable). The findings revealed a positive correlation between degenerative morphological features and age for both clavicular (rs = 0.719) and sternal articular surfaces (rs = 0.750). Additionally, the combined assessment of the clavicle and sternum, or the evaluation of the clavicle alone, exhibited better differentiation among the three age groups. The micro-CT evaluation of degenerative alterations affecting the sternoclavicular joint proves to be a reliable and efficient method for age estimation in adults.