Natural regeneration in the context of large-scale forest and landscape restoration in the tropics

Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, miti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBiotropica Vol. 48; no. 6; pp. 709 - 715
Main Authors Chazdon, Robin L., Uriarte, María
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2016
Wiley
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects
Climate change
Climate change mitigation
Climate effects
Deforestation
Economics
Ecosystem integrity
ecosystem services
Environmental restoration
farms
financial economics
Food security
forest and landscape restoration
forest damage
Forest degradation
forest restoration
forests
human development
humans
INTRODUCTION
Land use
Landscape
landscape management
landscapes
livelihood
mosaic restoration
mosaico de restauração
natural regeneration
people
planting
regeneración natural espontanea
regeneração natural espontânea
restauración de mosaícos
restauración forestal a escala de paisaje
restauração em larga escala
restauração florestal e em paisagens florestais
servicios ecosistémicos
serviços ecossistêmicos
soil
spontaneous natural regeneration
sustainable land use
Tree planting
trees
Tropical environments
tropics
uso sustentable del paisaje
uso sustentável da terra
Water resources
wide-scale restoration
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0006-3606
1744-7429
DOI10.1111/btp.12409

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Abstract Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of natural regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural regeneration is often ignored as a viable land-use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted natural regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of natural regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives.
AbstractList Large‐scale and long‐term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of natural regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural regeneration is often ignored as a viable land‐use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration ( FLR ), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well‐being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted natural regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of natural regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives. Revertir la perdida y degradación de bosques a nivel global requerirá la restauración forestal a escala de paisaje y a largo plazo. Esta estrategia ofrece beneficios sociales, ambientales, y económicos que pueden sustentar poblaciones rurales, mitigar efectos del cambio climático, aumentar la seguridad alimenticia, y proteger suelos y cuencas. A pesar del demostrado alcance y viabilidad de la regeneración natural como herramienta de restauración de paisajes degradados, la mayoría de proyectos de restauración se han enfocado en plantaciones. En la mayoría de los casos se ha ignorado la regeneración natural como una opción viable. En esta edición especial de Biotropica presentamos una colección de 16 artículos que ilustran las dimensiones ecológicas, económicas y sociales de la restauración de bosques a nivel de paisaje ( FLR ). FLR es un enfoque a la restauración relativamente nuevo que aspira a recuperar la integridad ecológica de paisajes deforestados ó degradados y al mismo tiempo aumentar el bienestar humano. Los artículos documentan como la regeneración natural, tanto pasiva como activa, puede lograr beneficios sociales y ecológicos. FLR se enfoca en las poblaciones que viven y trabajan en el paisaje y cuyo bienestar la restauración puede mejorar y diversificar. Dada la magnitud de degradación forestal y la necesidad de mitigar el cambio climático y sustentar el bienestar humano, es fundamental aprovechar el potencial de la regeneración natural para conseguir las ambiciosas metas que motivan iniciativas globales de restauración. Esforços em escala global e em longo prazo são urgentemente necessários para reverter tendências globais históricas de desmatamento e degradação florestal nos trópicos. A restauração de paisagens florestais oferece múltiplos benefícios sociais, economicos e ambientais para melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações locais, mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas, aumentar a segurança alimentar e proteger os recursos do solo e hídricos. Apesar do rápido crescimento do conhecimento sobre a extensão e viabilidade da regeneração natural e os benefícios ambientais e econômicos da regeneração natural de florestas nos tropicais, o reflorestamento continua sendo o maior foco de programas de restauração. A regeneração natural é normalmente ignorada como uma opção viável para o uso da terra. Nesta edição especial da Biotropica , apresentados um conjunto de 16 artigos originais que fornecem uma visão geral da dimensão ecológica, econômica e social da restauração em paisagens florestais, uma abordagem relativamente nova de restauração florestal que busca recuperar a integridade ecológica e aumentar a qualidade de vida das pessoas em paisagens florestais desmatadas ou degradas. Esses artigos descrevem como a regeneração natural espontânea (passiva) ou assistida contribui para alcançar múltiplos benefícios sociais e ecológicos. A restauração florestal e em paisagens florestais tem como foco a população que vive e trabalha no campo e cujo sustento será beneficiado a partir de atividades de restauração dentro e fora de suas propriedades. Dada a magnitude da degradação florestal e a necessidade de mitigar as mudanças climáticas sem prejudicar o desenvolvimento humano em regiões tropicais, aproveitar o potencial da regenerção natural torna‐se essencial para conseguir atingir os objetivos ambiciosos que motivam as iniciativas globais de restauração.
Large‐scale and long‐term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of natural regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural regeneration is often ignored as a viable land‐use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well‐being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted natural regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of natural regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives.
Large‐scale and long‐term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of natural regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural regeneration is often ignored as a viable land‐use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well‐being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted natural regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of natural regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives. RESUMEN Revertir la perdida y degradación de bosques a nivel global requerirá la restauración forestal a escala de paisaje y a largo plazo. Esta estrategia ofrece beneficios sociales, ambientales, y económicos que pueden sustentar poblaciones rurales, mitigar efectos del cambio climático, aumentar la seguridad alimenticia, y proteger suelos y cuencas. A pesar del demostrado alcance y viabilidad de la regeneración natural como herramienta de restauración de paisajes degradados, la mayoría de proyectos de restauración se han enfocado en plantaciones. En la mayoría de los casos se ha ignorado la regeneración natural como una opción viable. En esta edición especial de Biotropica presentamos una colección de 16 artículos que ilustran las dimensiones ecológicas, económicas y sociales de la restauración de bosques a nivel de paisaje (FLR). FLR es un enfoque a la restauración relativamente nuevo que aspira a recuperar la integridad ecológica de paisajes deforestados ó degradados y al mismo tiempo aumentar el bienestar humano. Los artículos documentan como la regeneración natural, tanto pasiva como activa, puede lograr beneficios sociales y ecológicos. FLR se enfoca en las poblaciones que viven y trabajan en el paisaje y cuyo bienestar la restauración puede mejorar y diversificar. Dada la magnitud de degradación forestal y la necesidad de mitigar el cambio climático y sustentar el bienestar humano, es fundamental aprovechar el potencial de la regeneración natural para conseguir las ambiciosas metas que motivan iniciativas globales de restauración. RESUMO Esforços em escala global e em longo prazo são urgentemente necessários para reverter tendências globais históricas de desmatamento e degradação florestal nos trópicos. A restauração de paisagens florestais oferece múltiplos benefícios sociais, economicos e ambientais para melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações locais, mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas, aumentar a segurança alimentar e proteger os recursos do solo e hídricos. Apesar do rápido crescimento do conhecimento sobre a extensão e viabilidade da regeneração natural e os benefícios ambientais e econômicos da regeneração natural de florestas nos tropicais, o reflorestamento continua sendo o maior foco de programas de restauração. A regeneração natural é normalmente ignorada como uma opção viável para o uso da terra. Nesta edição especial da Biotropica, apresentados um conjunto de 16 artigos originais que fornecem uma visão geral da dimensão ecológica, econômica e social da restauração em paisagens florestais, uma abordagem relativamente nova de restauração florestal que busca recuperar a integridade ecológica e aumentar a qualidade de vida das pessoas em paisagens florestais desmatadas ou degradas. Esses artigos descrevem como a regeneração natural espontânea (passiva) ou assistida contribui para alcançar múltiplos benefícios sociais e ecológicos. A restauração florestal e em paisagens florestais tem como foco a população que vive e trabalha no campo e cujo sustento será beneficiado a partir de atividades de restauração dentro e fora de suas propriedades. Dada a magnitude da degradação florestal e a necessidade de mitigar as mudanças climáticas sem prejudicar o desenvolvimento humano em regiões tropicais, aproveitar o potencial da regenerção natural torna‐se essencial para conseguir atingir os objetivos ambiciosos que motivam as iniciativas globais de restauração.
Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics. Restoration of forests within landscapes offers multiple social, economic, and environmental benefits that enhance lives of local people, mitigate effects of climate change, increase food security, and safeguard soil and water resources. Despite rapidly growing knowledge regarding the extent and feasibility of natural regeneration and the environmental and economic benefits of naturally regenerating forests in the tropics, tree planting remains the major focus of restoration programs. Natural regeneration is often ignored as a viable land-use option. Here, we assemble a set of 16 original papers that provide an overview of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of forest and landscape restoration (FLR), a relatively new approach to forest restoration that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. The papers describe how spontaneous (passive) and assisted natural regeneration can contribute to achieving multiple social and ecological benefits. Forest and landscape restoration is centered on the people who live and work in the landscape and whose livelihoods will benefit and diversify through restoration activities inside and outside of farms. Given the scale of degraded forestland and the need to mitigate climate change and meet human development needs in the tropics, harnessing the potential of natural regeneration will play an essential role in achieving the ambitious goals that motivate global restoration initiatives. RESUMEN Revertir la perdida y degradación de bosques a nivel global requerirá la restauración forestal a escala de paisaje y a largo plazo. Esta estrategia ofrece beneficios sociales, ambientales, y económicos que pueden sustentar poblaciones rurales, mitigar efectos del cambio climático, aumentar la seguridad alimenticia, y proteger suelos y cuencas. A pesar del demostrado alcance y viabilidad de la regeneración natural como herramienta de restauración de paisajes degradados, la mayoría de proyectos de restauración se han enfocado en plantaciones. En la mayoría de los casos se ha ignorado la regeneración natural como una opción viable. En esta edición especial de Biotropica presentamos una colección de 16 artículos que ilustran las dimensiones ecológicas, económicas y sociales de la restauración de bosques a nivel de paisaje (FLR). FLR es un enfoque a la restauración relativamente nuevo que aspira a recuperar la integridad ecológica de paisajes deforestados ó degradados y al mismo tiempo aumentar el bienestar humano. Los artículos documentan como la regeneración natural, tanto pasiva como activa, puede lograr beneficios sociales y ecológicos. FLR se enfoca en las poblaciones que viven y trabajan en el paisaje y cuyo bienestar la restauración puede mejorar y diversificar. Dada la magnitud de degradación forestal y la necesidad de mitigar el cambio climático y sustentar el bienestar humano, es fundamental aprovechar el potencial de la regeneración natural para conseguir las ambiciosas metas que motivan iniciativas globales de restauración. RESUMO Esforços em escala global e em longo prazo são urgentemente necessários para reverter tendências globais históricas de desmatamento e degradação florestal nos trópicos. A restauração de paisagens florestais oferece múltiplos benefícios sociais, economicos e ambientais para melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações locais, mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas, aumentar a segurança alimentar e proteger os recursos do solo e hídricos. Apesar do rápido crescimento do conhecimento sobre a extensão e viabilidade da regeneração natural e os benefícios ambientais e econômicos da regeneração natural de florestas nos tropicais, o reflorestamento continua sendo o maior foco de programas de restauração. A regeneração natural é normalmente ignorada como uma opção viável para o uso da terra. Nesta edição especial da Biotropica, apresentados um conjunto de 16 artigos originais que fornecem uma visão geral da dimensão ecológica, econômica e social da restauração em paisagens florestais, uma abordagem relativamente nova de restauração florestal que busca recuperar a integridade ecológica e aumentar a qualidade de vida das pessoas em paisagens florestais desmatadas ou degradas. Esses artigos descrevem como a regeneração natural espontânea (passiva) ou assistida contribui para alcançar múltiplos benefícios sociais e ecológicos. A restauração florestal e em paisagens florestais tem como foco a população que vive e trabalha no campo e cujo sustento será beneficiado a partir de atividades de restauração dentro e fora de suas propriedades. Dada a magnitude da degradação florestal e a necessidade de mitigar as mudanças climáticas sem prejudicar o desenvolvimento humano em regiões tropicais, aproveitar o potencial da regenerção natural torna-se essencial para conseguir atingir os objetivos ambiciosos que motivam as iniciativas globais de restauração.
Author Chazdon, Robin L.
Uriarte, María
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Robin L.
  surname: Chazdon
  fullname: Chazdon, Robin L.
  email: robin.chazdon@uconn.edu, robin.chazdon@uconn.edu
  organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06268-3043, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: María
  surname: Uriarte
  fullname: Uriarte, María
  organization: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1113 Schermerhorn Ext. 1200 Amsterdam Ave., NY, New York, 10027 USA
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APPENDIX S1. Rio Call to Promote Natural Regeneration in Forest and Landscape Restoration. APPENDIX S2. Acordo do Rio para Promover a Regeneração Natural na Restauração de Florestas e Paisagens. APPENDIX S3. Acuerdo de Río para Promover la Regeneración Natural en la Restauración de Bosques y Territorios.
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References_xml – reference: Gregorio, N., J. Herbohn, S. Harrison, A. Pasa, and A. Ferraren. 2016. Regulating the quality of seedlings for forest restoration: Lessons from the National Greening Program in the Philippines. Small-scale For. (in press) doi:10.1007/s11842-016-9344-z.
– reference: Mukul, S. A., J. Herbohn, and J. Firn. 2016. Co-benefits of biodiversity and carbon sequestration from regenerating secondary forests in the Philippines uplands: Implications for forest landscape restoration. Biotropica 48: 882-889.
– reference: Zahawi, R. A., J. L. Reid, and K. D. Holl. 2014. Hidden costs of passive restoration. Restor. Ecol. 22: 284-287.
– reference: Locatelli, B., C. P. Catterall, P. Imbach, C. Kumar, R. Lasco, E. Marín-Spiotta,... M. Uriarte. 2015. Tropical reforestation and climate change: Beyond carbon. Restor. Ecol. 23: 337-343.
– reference: Instituto Escolhas. 2016. Quanto custa reflorestar 12 milhões de hectares na Amazônia e Mata Atlântica? Instituto Escolhas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
– reference: Lewis, S. L., D. P. Edwards, and D. Galbraith. 2015. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science 349: 827-832.
– reference: Chazdon, R. L., and M. R. Guariguata. 2016. Natural regeneration as a tool for large-scale forest restoration in the tropics: Prospects and challenges. Biotropica 48: 844-855.
– reference: Lu, X., R. Z. Zang, Y. Ding, and J. H. Huang. 2016. Changes in biotic and abiotic drivers of seedling species composition during forest recovery following shifting cultivation on Hainan Island, China. Biotropica 48: 758-769.
– reference: Guariguata, M. R., and P. H. Brancalion. 2014. Current challenges and perspectives for governing forest restoration. Forests 5: 3022-3030.
– reference: Elliott, S.. 2016. The potential for automating assisted natural regeneration of tropical forest ecosystems. Biotropica 48: 825-833.
– reference: Chazdon, R. L., C. A. Harvey, O. Komar, D. M. Griffith, B. G. Ferguson, M. Martínez-Ramos, and S. M. Philpott. 2009. Beyond reserves: A research agenda for conserving biodiversity in human-modified tropical landscapes. Biotropica 41: 142-153.
– reference: De Souza, S. E. X. F., E. Vidal, G. D. F. Chagas, A. T. Elgar, and P. H. S. Brancalion. 2016. Ecological outcomes and livelihood benefits of community-managed agroforests and second-growth forests in Southeast Brazil. Biotropica 48: 868-881.
– reference: Laestadius, L., S. Maginnis, S. Minnemeyer, P. Potapov, C. Saint-Laurent, and N. Sizer. 2012. Mapping opportunities for forest landscape restoration. Unasylva 62: 47-48.
– reference: Uriarte, M., N. B. Schwartz, J. S. Powers, E. Marin-Spiotta, W. Liao, and L. Werden. 2016. Impacts of climate variability on tree demography in second-growth tropical forests: The importance of regional context for predicting successional trajectories. Biotropica 48: 731-744.
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Snippet Large-scale and long-term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics....
Large‐scale and long‐term restoration efforts are urgently needed to reverse historical global trends of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics....
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SubjectTerms Climate change
Climate change mitigation
Climate effects
Deforestation
Economics
Ecosystem integrity
ecosystem services
Environmental restoration
farms
financial economics
Food security
forest and landscape restoration
forest damage
Forest degradation
forest restoration
forests
human development
humans
INTRODUCTION
Land use
Landscape
landscape management
landscapes
livelihood
mosaic restoration
mosaico de restauração
natural regeneration
people
planting
regeneración natural espontanea
regeneração natural espontânea
restauración de mosaícos
restauración forestal a escala de paisaje
restauração em larga escala
restauração florestal e em paisagens florestais
servicios ecosistémicos
serviços ecossistêmicos
soil
spontaneous natural regeneration
sustainable land use
Tree planting
trees
Tropical environments
tropics
uso sustentable del paisaje
uso sustentável da terra
Water resources
wide-scale restoration
Title Natural regeneration in the context of large-scale forest and landscape restoration in the tropics
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https://www.jstor.org/stable/48576570
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fbtp.12409
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1844751777
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1850778274
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2000419811
Volume 48
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