Changing perspectives on how the permeation pathway through potassium channels is regulated
The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non‐conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a st...
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| Published in | The Journal of physiology Vol. 599; no. 7; pp. 1961 - 1976 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.04.2021
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| Abstract | The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non‐conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a steric mechanism in which the pore alternates between two conformations: a ‘closed’ state in which the conduction pathway is occluded and an ‘open’ state in which the pathway is sufficiently wide to accommodate fully hydrated ions. Recently, however, ‘non‐canonical’ mechanisms have been proposed for some classes of K+ channels. The purpose of this review is to illuminate structural and dynamic relationships underpinning permeation control in K+ channels, indicating where additional data might resolve some of the remaining issues.
figure legend Hypothetical mechanisms of control over ion permeation through potassium channels. The upper panel portrays the canonical steric pore‐gating mechanism, while the lower panels depict emerging models. Of these, the left‐hand panel describes the situation in which steric changes have been ruled out and gating has been ascribed to the selectivity filter, whereas the right‐hand panel shows a ‘dewetting’ model, which is neither contingent upon nor excludes steric changes within the pore. |
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| AbstractList | The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non‐conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a steric mechanism in which the pore alternates between two conformations: a ‘closed’ state in which the conduction pathway is occluded and an ‘open’ state in which the pathway is sufficiently wide to accommodate fully hydrated ions. Recently, however, ‘non‐canonical’ mechanisms have been proposed for some classes of K+ channels. The purpose of this review is to illuminate structural and dynamic relationships underpinning permeation control in K+ channels, indicating where additional data might resolve some of the remaining issues.
figure legend Hypothetical mechanisms of control over ion permeation through potassium channels. The upper panel portrays the canonical steric pore‐gating mechanism, while the lower panels depict emerging models. Of these, the left‐hand panel describes the situation in which steric changes have been ruled out and gating has been ascribed to the selectivity filter, whereas the right‐hand panel shows a ‘dewetting’ model, which is neither contingent upon nor excludes steric changes within the pore. The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non‐conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a steric mechanism in which the pore alternates between two conformations: a ‘closed’ state in which the conduction pathway is occluded and an ‘open’ state in which the pathway is sufficiently wide to accommodate fully hydrated ions. Recently, however, ‘non‐canonical’ mechanisms have been proposed for some classes of K + channels. The purpose of this review is to illuminate structural and dynamic relationships underpinning permeation control in K + channels, indicating where additional data might resolve some of the remaining issues. image The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non‐conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a steric mechanism in which the pore alternates between two conformations: a ‘closed’ state in which the conduction pathway is occluded and an ‘open’ state in which the pathway is sufficiently wide to accommodate fully hydrated ions. Recently, however, ‘non‐canonical’ mechanisms have been proposed for some classes of K+ channels. The purpose of this review is to illuminate structural and dynamic relationships underpinning permeation control in K+ channels, indicating where additional data might resolve some of the remaining issues. The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non-conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a steric mechanism in which the pore alternates between two conformations: a 'closed' state in which the conduction pathway is occluded and an 'open' state in which the pathway is sufficiently wide to accommodate fully hydrated ions. Recently, however, 'non-canonical' mechanisms have been proposed for some classes of K channels. The purpose of this review is to illuminate structural and dynamic relationships underpinning permeation control in K channels, indicating where additional data might resolve some of the remaining issues. |
| Author | Black, Katrina A. He, Sitong Jin, Ruitao Gulbis, Jacqueline M. |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31612997$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pbiomolbio_2021_11_003 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_37260_y crossref_primary_10_1085_jgp_202213196 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0167530 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_28148_4 |
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| Keywords | permeation gating selectivity filter crystal structure non-canonical gating potassium channel molecular dynamics cryo-EM |
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| Notes | This is an Editor's Choice article from the 1 April 2021 issue. Edited by: Ole Petersen & Ruth Murrell‐Lagnado This review was presented at the Australian Physiological Society ion channel symposium 2018: The structural basis of electrical signalling: latest developments in the structural analysis of ion channels and transporters, which took place in Sydney, Australia, 27 November 2018. ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
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| SubjectTerms | cryo‐EM crystal structure molecular dynamics non‐canonical gating permeation gating Potassium Potassium - metabolism potassium channel Potassium channels Potassium Channels - metabolism Protein Conformation selectivity filter |
| Title | Changing perspectives on how the permeation pathway through potassium channels is regulated |
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