Phytoextractability of Cd from Soil by Some Oilseed Species as Affected by Sewage Sludge and Farmyard Manure
A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)–enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg ⁻¹ soil, using CdCl ₂), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge–treated (SS-amended), and 3% farmyard manure–treated (FYM-amended) soils to evaluate the phytoextractibility of Cd by three oilseed crop species (viz....
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Published in | Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Vol. 44; no. 22; pp. 3444 - 3455 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Philadelphia, PA
Taylor & Francis
16.12.2013
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
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Abstract | A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)–enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg ⁻¹ soil, using CdCl ₂), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge–treated (SS-amended), and 3% farmyard manure–treated (FYM-amended) soils to evaluate the phytoextractibility of Cd by three oilseed crop species (viz., Brassica juncea, Brassica napus , and Eruca sativa). Visual observation showed that at or above 40 ppm Cd, some light chlorotic symptoms, resembling iron (Fe) chlorosis, appeared after 2 to 3 weeks of germination. The extent of chlorosis followed the order Eruca sativa > Brassica napus > Brassica juncea , and for amendment treatments Unamended > SS-amended > FYM-amended soils. Both the amendments resulted in an increased biomass production in comparison to the Unamended soil, with the effect being more pronounced for FYM. The dry-matter yield of different plant parts followed the order FYM-amended > SS-amended > Unamended soils. For plant species, it followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa . The Cd concentration in different plant parts followed the order leaf > stem > seed in all the three species. Amongst the species, the concentration followed the order Brassica napus > Brassica juncea > Eruca sativa , and for amendment treatments SS-amended > Unamended > FYM-amended soils. The mean Cd uptake by different plant species followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa , and for amendment treatments SS-amended soil > Unamended soil > FYM-amended soil. The amounts of exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and organic-matter-bound fractions of Cd in the postharvest soil samples increased with the addition of Cd in soil. However, the residual fraction did not change much. At comparable levels of Cd additions, application of sewage sludge as well as FYM resulted in decreases in the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide–bound fractions and an increase in the organic-matter-bound fraction. The beneficial effect of sewage sludge and FYM on biomass production was attributed to (i) improvement in the physicochemical and biological environment of the growth medium, (ii) additional supply of essential nutrients, and (iii) possible decrease in toxic effect of added Cd through organo-metallic complexation reactions. |
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AbstractList | A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)-enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg-1 soil, using CdCl2), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge-treated (SS-amended), and 3% farmyard manure-treated (FYM-amended) soils to evaluate the phytoextractibility of Cd by three oilseed crop species (viz., Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, and Eruca sativa). Visual observation showed that at or above 40 ppm Cd, some light chlorotic symptoms, resembling iron (Fe) chlorosis, appeared after 2 to 3 weeks of germination. The extent of chlorosis followed the order Eruca sativa > Brassica napus > Brassica juncea, and for amendment treatments Unamended > SS-amended > FYM-amended soils. Both the amendments resulted in an increased biomass production in comparison to the Unamended soil, with the effect being more pronounced for FYM. The dry-matter yield of different plant parts followed the order FYM-amended > SS-amended > Unamended soils. For plant species, it followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa. The Cd concentration in different plant parts followed the order leaf > stem > seed in all the three species. Amongst the species, the concentration followed the order Brassica napus > Brassica juncea > Eruca sativa, and for amendment treatments SS-amended > Unamended > FYM-amended soils. The mean Cd uptake by different plant species followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa, and for amendment treatments SS-amended soil > Unamended soil > FYM-amended soil. The amounts of exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and organic-matter-bound fractions of Cd in the postharvest soil samples increased with the addition of Cd in soil. However, the residual fraction did not change much. At comparable levels of Cd additions, application of sewage sludge as well as FYM resulted in decreases in the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions and an increase in the organic-matter-bound fraction. The beneficial effect of sewage sludge and FYM on biomass production was attributed to (i) improvement in the physicochemical and biological environment of the growth medium, (ii) additional supply of essential nutrients, and (iii) possible decrease in toxic effect of added Cd through organo-metallic complexation reactions. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)-enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg super(-1) soil, using CdCl sub(2)), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge-treated (SS-amended), and 3% farmyard manure-treated (FYM-amended) soils to evaluate the phytoextractibility of Cd by three oilseed crop species (viz., Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, and Eruca sativa). Visual observation showed that at or above 40 ppm Cd, some light chlorotic symptoms, resembling iron (Fe) chlorosis, appeared after 2 to 3 weeks of germination. The extent of chlorosis followed the order Eruca sativa > Brassica napus > Brassica juncea, and for amendment treatments Unamended > SS-amended > FYM-amended soils. Both the amendments resulted in an increased biomass production in comparison to the Unamended soil, with the effect being more pronounced for FYM. The dry-matter yield of different plant parts followed the order FYM-amended > SS-amended > Unamended soils. For plant species, it followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa. The Cd concentration in different plant parts followed the order leaf > stem > seed in all the three species. Amongst the species, the concentration followed the order Brassica napus > Brassica juncea > Eruca sativa, and for amendment treatments SS-amended > Unamended > FYM-amended soils. The mean Cd uptake by different plant species followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa, and for amendment treatments SS-amended soil > Unamended soil > FYM-amended soil. The amounts of exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and organic-matter-bound fractions of Cd in the postharvest soil samples increased with the addition of Cd in soil. However, the residual fraction did not change much. At comparable levels of Cd additions, application of sewage sludge as well as FYM resulted in decreases in the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions and an increase in the organic-matter-bound fraction. The beneficial effect of sewage sludge and FYM on biomass production was attributed to (i) improvement in the physicochemical and biological environment of the growth medium, (ii) additional supply of essential nutrients, and (iii) possible decrease in toxic effect of added Cd through organo-metallic complexation reactions. A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)–enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg ⁻¹ soil, using CdCl ₂), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge–treated (SS-amended), and 3% farmyard manure–treated (FYM-amended) soils to evaluate the phytoextractibility of Cd by three oilseed crop species (viz., Brassica juncea, Brassica napus , and Eruca sativa). Visual observation showed that at or above 40 ppm Cd, some light chlorotic symptoms, resembling iron (Fe) chlorosis, appeared after 2 to 3 weeks of germination. The extent of chlorosis followed the order Eruca sativa > Brassica napus > Brassica juncea , and for amendment treatments Unamended > SS-amended > FYM-amended soils. Both the amendments resulted in an increased biomass production in comparison to the Unamended soil, with the effect being more pronounced for FYM. The dry-matter yield of different plant parts followed the order FYM-amended > SS-amended > Unamended soils. For plant species, it followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa . The Cd concentration in different plant parts followed the order leaf > stem > seed in all the three species. Amongst the species, the concentration followed the order Brassica napus > Brassica juncea > Eruca sativa , and for amendment treatments SS-amended > Unamended > FYM-amended soils. The mean Cd uptake by different plant species followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa , and for amendment treatments SS-amended soil > Unamended soil > FYM-amended soil. The amounts of exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and organic-matter-bound fractions of Cd in the postharvest soil samples increased with the addition of Cd in soil. However, the residual fraction did not change much. At comparable levels of Cd additions, application of sewage sludge as well as FYM resulted in decreases in the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide–bound fractions and an increase in the organic-matter-bound fraction. The beneficial effect of sewage sludge and FYM on biomass production was attributed to (i) improvement in the physicochemical and biological environment of the growth medium, (ii) additional supply of essential nutrients, and (iii) possible decrease in toxic effect of added Cd through organo-metallic complexation reactions. A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)-enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg −1 soil, using CdCl 2 ), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge-treated (SS-amended), and 3% farmyard manure-treated (FYM-amended) soils to evaluate the phytoextractibility of Cd by three oilseed crop species (viz., Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, and Eruca sativa). Visual observation showed that at or above 40 ppm Cd, some light chlorotic symptoms, resembling iron (Fe) chlorosis, appeared after 2 to 3 weeks of germination. The extent of chlorosis followed the order Eruca sativa > Brassica napus > Brassica juncea, and for amendment treatments Unamended > SS-amended > FYM-amended soils. Both the amendments resulted in an increased biomass production in comparison to the Unamended soil, with the effect being more pronounced for FYM. The dry-matter yield of different plant parts followed the order FYM-amended > SS-amended > Unamended soils. For plant species, it followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa. The Cd concentration in different plant parts followed the order leaf > stem > seed in all the three species. Amongst the species, the concentration followed the order Brassica napus > Brassica juncea > Eruca sativa, and for amendment treatments SS-amended > Unamended > FYM-amended soils. The mean Cd uptake by different plant species followed the order Brassica juncea > Brassica napus > Eruca sativa, and for amendment treatments SS-amended soil > Unamended soil > FYM-amended soil. The amounts of exchangeable, carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and organic-matter-bound fractions of Cd in the postharvest soil samples increased with the addition of Cd in soil. However, the residual fraction did not change much. At comparable levels of Cd additions, application of sewage sludge as well as FYM resulted in decreases in the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions and an increase in the organic-matter-bound fraction. The beneficial effect of sewage sludge and FYM on biomass production was attributed to (i) improvement in the physicochemical and biological environment of the growth medium, (ii) additional supply of essential nutrients, and (iii) possible decrease in toxic effect of added Cd through organo-metallic complexation reactions. |
Author | Poonia, S. R Indoria, A. K Sharma, K. L |
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Keywords | Cadmium Soils Brassica Oilseed Cruciferae Dicotyledones Angiospermae Spermatophyta Farmyard manure Sewage sludge Phytoextraction Heavy metal |
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References | Richards L. A. (CIT0024) 1954 CIT0030 CIT0010 CIT0012 CIT0011 Ramachandran V. D. (CIT0022) 1999; 47 CIT0013 Wang G. (CIT0028) 1999; 9 Chanda T. K. (CIT0009) 2005; 3 CIT0015 CIT0018 CIT0019 CIT0021 CIT0020 CIT0001 Lim C. H. (CIT0017) 1982 CIT0023 Kabata-Pendias A. (CIT0016) 2000 CIT0003 CIT0025 CIT0002 CIT0005 CIT0027 CIT0004 CIT0026 CIT0007 CIT0029 Yang X. (CIT0031) 2004; 259 CIT0006 CIT0008 Hue N. V. (CIT0014) 1988; 17 |
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Snippet | A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)–enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg ⁻¹ soil, using CdCl ₂), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge–treated... A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)-enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg −1 soil, using CdCl 2 ), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge-treated... A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)-enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg-1 soil, using CdCl2), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage sludge-treated... A pot experiment was conducted on cadmium (Cd)-enriched (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg Cd kg super(-1) soil, using CdCl sub(2)), untreated (Unamended), 3% sewage... |
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SubjectTerms | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions animal manures Biological and medical sciences biomass production Brassica Brassica juncea Brassica napus cadmium chlorosis crops culture media Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa farmyard manure Flowers & plants Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology germination Herbivores iron leaves Manures nutrients oilseed crops oilseeds phytoextraction Rape plants sewage sewage sludge Sludge soil Soil and water pollution soil sampling Soil science Soil sciences toxicity |
Title | Phytoextractability of Cd from Soil by Some Oilseed Species as Affected by Sewage Sludge and Farmyard Manure |
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