Detailed three-dimensional analyses of tyloses in oak used for bourbon and wine barrels through X-ray computed tomography

American white ( Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 17044 - 10
Main Authors Kim, Donghyun, Gollihue, Jarrad, Poovathingal, Savio J., DeBolt, Seth
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 24.07.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
631/449/1736
704/158/1145
Climate change
Computed tomography
Humanities and Social Sciences
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
multidisciplinary
Parenchyma
Quercus
Quercus alba
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Stand structure
Tomography
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods
Wine - analysis
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Abstract American white ( Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures called tyloses in parenchyma tissues and medullary rays in white oak. Using non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging, we reveal an unprecedented view of tylose structure and quantify the pore-filling capacity of tyloses in white oak that underscores the liquid retention we observe in casks. We show that pores of white oaks are filled with sevenfold higher tylose volume compared to northern red oak ( Q. rubra ), consistent with prior literature that casks made from white oak retain liquid while red oak fails to do so. We propose that XRCT represents a methodological standard for observing these complex structures and should be employed to understand the many questions related to liquid losses from casks, cultural treatment of casks, and the influence of climate change on oak tyloses in the future.
AbstractList American white ( Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures called tyloses in parenchyma tissues and medullary rays in white oak. Using non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging, we reveal an unprecedented view of tylose structure and quantify the pore-filling capacity of tyloses in white oak that underscores the liquid retention we observe in casks. We show that pores of white oaks are filled with sevenfold higher tylose volume compared to northern red oak ( Q. rubra ), consistent with prior literature that casks made from white oak retain liquid while red oak fails to do so. We propose that XRCT represents a methodological standard for observing these complex structures and should be employed to understand the many questions related to liquid losses from casks, cultural treatment of casks, and the influence of climate change on oak tyloses in the future.
American white (Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures called tyloses in parenchyma tissues and medullary rays in white oak. Using non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging, we reveal an unprecedented view of tylose structure and quantify the pore-filling capacity of tyloses in white oak that underscores the liquid retention we observe in casks. We show that pores of white oaks are filled with sevenfold higher tylose volume compared to northern red oak (Q. rubra), consistent with prior literature that casks made from white oak retain liquid while red oak fails to do so. We propose that XRCT represents a methodological standard for observing these complex structures and should be employed to understand the many questions related to liquid losses from casks, cultural treatment of casks, and the influence of climate change on oak tyloses in the future.American white (Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures called tyloses in parenchyma tissues and medullary rays in white oak. Using non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging, we reveal an unprecedented view of tylose structure and quantify the pore-filling capacity of tyloses in white oak that underscores the liquid retention we observe in casks. We show that pores of white oaks are filled with sevenfold higher tylose volume compared to northern red oak (Q. rubra), consistent with prior literature that casks made from white oak retain liquid while red oak fails to do so. We propose that XRCT represents a methodological standard for observing these complex structures and should be employed to understand the many questions related to liquid losses from casks, cultural treatment of casks, and the influence of climate change on oak tyloses in the future.
American white (Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures called tyloses in parenchyma tissues and medullary rays in white oak. Using non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging, we reveal an unprecedented view of tylose structure and quantify the pore-filling capacity of tyloses in white oak that underscores the liquid retention we observe in casks. We show that pores of white oaks are filled with sevenfold higher tylose volume compared to northern red oak (Q. rubra), consistent with prior literature that casks made from white oak retain liquid while red oak fails to do so. We propose that XRCT represents a methodological standard for observing these complex structures and should be employed to understand the many questions related to liquid losses from casks, cultural treatment of casks, and the influence of climate change on oak tyloses in the future.
Abstract American white (Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and mouthfeel to the final product. The reason that barrels retain liquid has been hypothesized to be the result of abundant physiological structures called tyloses in parenchyma tissues and medullary rays in white oak. Using non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) imaging, we reveal an unprecedented view of tylose structure and quantify the pore-filling capacity of tyloses in white oak that underscores the liquid retention we observe in casks. We show that pores of white oaks are filled with sevenfold higher tylose volume compared to northern red oak (Q. rubra), consistent with prior literature that casks made from white oak retain liquid while red oak fails to do so. We propose that XRCT represents a methodological standard for observing these complex structures and should be employed to understand the many questions related to liquid losses from casks, cultural treatment of casks, and the influence of climate change on oak tyloses in the future.
ArticleNumber 17044
Author Poovathingal, Savio J.
Kim, Donghyun
Gollihue, Jarrad
DeBolt, Seth
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  givenname: Savio J.
  surname: Poovathingal
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  email: saviopoovathingal@uky.edu
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  givenname: Seth
  surname: DeBolt
  fullname: DeBolt, Seth
  email: sdebo2@uky.edu
  organization: James B. Beam Institute for Kentucky Spirits, University of Kentucky, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky
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Snippet American white ( Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and...
American white (Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor and...
Abstract American white (Quercus alba L.) oak casks have been used for liquid storage for centuries. Their use in aged spirits is critical to imparting flavor...
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StartPage 17044
SubjectTerms 631/449/1736
704/158/1145
Climate change
Computed tomography
Humanities and Social Sciences
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
multidisciplinary
Parenchyma
Quercus
Quercus alba
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Stand structure
Tomography
Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods
Wine - analysis
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Title Detailed three-dimensional analyses of tyloses in oak used for bourbon and wine barrels through X-ray computed tomography
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-024-67298-x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39048642
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/3084767411
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11269640
https://doaj.org/article/70b3145fd12b4533a32e018e36ac0c12
Volume 14
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