Bone mineral density and fracture risk in type-2 diabetes mellitus: the Rotterdam Study

• Published in: Osteoporosis international Vol. 16; no. 12; pp. 1713 - 1720
• Main Authors: de Liefde, I. I., van der Klift, M., de Laet, C. E. D. H., van Daele, P. L. A., Hofman, A., Pols, H. A. P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Springer 01.12.2005; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon - methods; Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Bone density; Bone Density - physiology; Cohort analysis; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Female; Femur Neck; Fractures; Fractures, Bone - etiology; Fractures, Bone - physiopathology; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hip Fractures - etiology; Hip Fractures - physiopathology; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine; Insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Osteoarticular system. Muscles; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease; Population Surveillance - methods; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry; Risk Factors; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Visual acuity; Women; Wrist Injuries - etiology; Wrist Injuries - physiopathology; Netherlands; Endocrinopathy; Human; Type 2 diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Metabolic diseases; Fracture; Trauma; Osteoporosis; Risk factor; Bone mineral density; Population study; Impaired glucose tolerance; Elderly
• DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-1909-1
• ISSN: 0937-941X

The aim of this study was to determine the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), BMD and fractures in 6,655 men and women aged 55 years and over from the Rotterdam Study. We compared subjects with type-2 DM to subjects without DM. Additionally, subset analyses were performed, dividing subjects on the basis of the glucose tolerance test into already treated DM, newly diagnosed DM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, reference). Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were measured using DEXA. Nonvertebral fracture ascertainment was performed using an automated record system involving GPs and local hospitals. Although subjects with DM had higher BMD, they had an increased nonvertebral fracture risk: hazard ratio (HR) 1.33 (1.00-1.77). In subset analysis, the increased fracture risk appeared restricted to treated DM subjects only: HR 1.69 (1.16-2.46). Subjects with IGT had a higher BMD, but contrary to treated DM, they had a lower fracture risk: HR 0.80 (0.63-1.00). In conclusion, subjects with type-2 DM and IGT both have a higher BMD. Whereas, subjects with IGT have a decreased fracture risk, subjects with DM (primarily those with already established and treated DM) had an increased fracture risk, probably due to long-term complications associated with DM.