Social anxiety disorder-associated gut microbiota increases social fear
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 121; no. 1; p. e2308706120 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
National Academy of Sciences
02.01.2024
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Abstract | Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a causal role in modulating behaviours relevant to SAD, we transplanted the microbiota from SAD patients, which was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing to be of a differential composition compared to healthy controls, to mice. Although the mice that received the SAD microbiota had normal behaviours across a battery of tests designed to assess depression and general anxiety-like behaviours, they had a specific heightened sensitivity to social fear, a model of SAD. This distinct heightened social fear response was coupled with changes in central and peripheral immune function and oxytocin expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This work demonstrates an interkingdom basis for social fear responses and posits the microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for SAD. |
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AbstractList | Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a causal role in modulating behaviours relevant to SAD, we transplanted the microbiota from SAD patients, which was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing to be of a differential composition compared to healthy controls, to mice. Although the mice that received the SAD microbiota had normal behaviours across a battery of tests designed to assess depression and general anxiety-like behaviours, they had a specific heightened sensitivity to social fear, a model of SAD. This distinct heightened social fear response was coupled with changes in central and peripheral immune function and oxytocin expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This work demonstrates an interkingdom basis for social fear responses and posits the microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for SAD. Understanding the biological basis of social anxiety disorder (SAD), one of the most disabling of the anxiety disorders, will allow for novel treatment strategies to be developed. Here, we show that gut microbiota may be such a target. Mice that received SAD patient microbiota had a specific heightened sensitivity to social fear without affecting other behaviours tested. This distinct deficit in normal social fear responses was coupled with changes in immunity and the brain. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key regulator of both brain and behaviour, especially those related to social function. Moreover, increasing data supports a role for immune function and oxytocin signalling in social responses. To investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a causal role in modulating behaviours relevant to SAD, we transplanted the microbiota from SAD patients, which was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing to be of a differential composition compared to healthy controls, to mice. Although the mice that received the SAD microbiota had normal behaviours across a battery of tests designed to assess depression and general anxiety-like behaviours, they had a specific heightened sensitivity to social fear, a model of SAD. This distinct heightened social fear response was coupled with changes in central and peripheral immune function and oxytocin expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This work demonstrates an interkingdom basis for social fear responses and posits the microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for SAD. |
Author | Aburto, Maria R Barrera-Bugueño, Camila Brocka, Marta Moloney, Gerard M Draper, Lorraine A Morales, Lorena Shkoporov, Andrey N Ritz, Nathaniel L Ratsika, Anna Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F S Gheorghe, Cassandra E Hill, Colin Campos, David Clarke, Gerard Slattery, David A Cryan, John F Sharma, Virat Butler, Mary I Turkington, Christopher J R Turpin, Valentine Cowan, Caitlin S M Dinan, Timothy G Golubeva, Anna V |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nathaniel L orcidid: 0000-0002-7367-292X surname: Ritz fullname: Ritz, Nathaniel L organization: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 2 givenname: Marta orcidid: 0000-0003-2991-8192 surname: Brocka fullname: Brocka, Marta organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 3 givenname: Mary I surname: Butler fullname: Butler, Mary I organization: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 4 givenname: Caitlin S M orcidid: 0000-0002-2959-1380 surname: Cowan fullname: Cowan, Caitlin S M organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 5 givenname: Camila surname: Barrera-Bugueño fullname: Barrera-Bugueño, Camila organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 6 givenname: Christopher J R surname: Turkington fullname: Turkington, Christopher J R organization: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland – sequence: 7 givenname: Lorraine A surname: Draper fullname: Draper, Lorraine A organization: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland – sequence: 8 givenname: Thomaz F S orcidid: 0000-0001-6891-734X surname: Bastiaanssen fullname: Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F S organization: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 9 givenname: Valentine orcidid: 0009-0008-8558-6640 surname: Turpin fullname: Turpin, Valentine organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 10 givenname: Lorena orcidid: 0000-0001-8908-608X surname: Morales fullname: Morales, Lorena organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 11 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0002-5563-5607 surname: Campos fullname: Campos, David organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 12 givenname: Cassandra E surname: Gheorghe fullname: Gheorghe, Cassandra E organization: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 13 givenname: Anna surname: Ratsika fullname: Ratsika, Anna organization: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 14 givenname: Virat surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Virat organization: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland – sequence: 15 givenname: Anna V surname: Golubeva fullname: Golubeva, Anna V organization: Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 16 givenname: Maria R orcidid: 0000-0001-5806-251X surname: Aburto fullname: Aburto, Maria R organization: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 17 givenname: Andrey N surname: Shkoporov fullname: Shkoporov, Andrey N organization: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland – sequence: 18 givenname: Gerard M orcidid: 0000-0002-3672-1390 surname: Moloney fullname: Moloney, Gerard M organization: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 19 givenname: Colin surname: Hill fullname: Hill, Colin organization: School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland – sequence: 20 givenname: Gerard surname: Clarke fullname: Clarke, Gerard organization: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 21 givenname: David A orcidid: 0000-0001-8753-5005 surname: Slattery fullname: Slattery, David A organization: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60528, Germany – sequence: 22 givenname: Timothy G orcidid: 0000-0002-2316-7220 surname: Dinan fullname: Dinan, Timothy G organization: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland – sequence: 23 givenname: John F orcidid: 0000-0001-5887-2723 surname: Cryan fullname: Cryan, John F organization: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland |
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Copyright | Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 2, 2024 Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. 2023 |
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Keywords | microbiota-gut-brain axis social phobia microbiome faecal transplant |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 2Present address: School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. Edited by Tomas Hökfelt, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; received May 29, 2023; accepted October 5, 2023 1M.B., M.I.B., and C.S.M.C. contributed equally to this work. |
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Snippet | Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However,... Understanding the biological basis of social anxiety disorder (SAD), one of the most disabling of the anxiety disorders, will allow for novel treatment... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Anxiety Anxiety - psychology Anxiety disorders Biological Sciences Fear Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology Hormones Humans Immune response Intestinal microflora Mice Microbiomes Microbiota Microorganisms Oxytocin Phobia, Social RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Social anxiety Stria terminalis Therapeutic targets |
Title | Social anxiety disorder-associated gut microbiota increases social fear |
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