Characterizations and Quantitative Estimation of Alkali-Activated Binder Paste from Microstructures
Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due to its low carbon dioxide emission and diversion of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and slag from landfills. In order to comprehend the behavior of AAB, detailed know...
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| Published in | International journal of concrete structures and materials Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 213 - 228 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Seoul
한국콘크리트학회
01.09.2014
Korea Concrete Institute Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1976-0485 2234-1315 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s40069-014-0069-0 |
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| Abstract | Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due to its low carbon dioxide emission and diversion of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and slag from landfills. In order to comprehend the behavior of AAB, detailed knowledge on relations between microstructure and mechanical properties are important. To address the issue, a new approach to characterize hardened pastes of AAB containing fly ash as well as those containing fly ash and slag was adopted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra microanalyses. The volume stoichiometries of the alkali activation reactions were used to estimate the quantities of the sodium aluminosilicate (N–A–S–H) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produced by these reactions. The 3D plots of Si/Al, Na/Al and Ca/Si atom ratios given by the microanalyses were compared with the estimated quantities of CSH(S) to successfully determine the unique chemical compositions of the N–A–S–H and CSH(S) for ten different AAB at three different curing temperatures using a constrained nonlinear least squares optimization formulation by general algebraic modeling system. The results show that the theoretical and experimental quantities of N–A–S–H and CSH(S) were in close agreement with each other. The
R
2
values were 0.99 for both alkali-activated fly ash and alkali-activated slag binders. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due toits low carbon dioxide emission and diversion of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and slag from landfills. In orderto comprehend the behavior of AAB, detailed knowledge on relations between microstructure and mechanical properties areimportant. To address the issue, a new approach to characterize hardened pastes of AAB containing fly ash as well as thosecontaining fly ash and slag was adopted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectramicroanalyses. The volume stoichiometries of the alkali activation reactions were used to estimate the quantities of the sodiumaluminosilicate (N–A–S–H) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produced by these reactions. The 3D plots of Si/Al, Na/Al andCa/Si atom ratios given by the microanalyses were compared with the estimated quantities of CSH(S) to successfully determine theunique chemical compositions of the N–A–S–H and CSH(S) for ten different AAB at three different curing temperatures using aconstrained nonlinear least squares optimization formulation by general algebraic modeling system. The results show that thetheoretical and experimental quantities of N–A–S–H and CSH(S) were in close agreement with each other. The R2 values were0.99 for both alkali-activated fly ash and alkali-activated slag binders. KCI Citation Count: 6 Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due to its low carbon dioxide emission and diversion of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and slag from landfills. In order to comprehend the behavior of AAB, detailed knowledge on relations between microstructure and mechanical properties are important. To address the issue, a new approach to characterize hardened pastes of AAB containing fly ash as well as those containing fly ash and slag was adopted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra microanalyses. The volume stoichiometries of the alkali activation reactions were used to estimate the quantities of the sodium aluminosilicate (N–A–S–H) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produced by these reactions. The 3D plots of Si/Al, Na/Al and Ca/Si atom ratios given by the microanalyses were compared with the estimated quantities of CSH(S) to successfully determine the unique chemical compositions of the N–A–S–H and CSH(S) for ten different AAB at three different curing temperatures using a constrained nonlinear least squares optimization formulation by general algebraic modeling system. The results show that the theoretical and experimental quantities of N–A–S–H and CSH(S) were in close agreement with each other. The R 2 values were 0.99 for both alkali-activated fly ash and alkali-activated slag binders. Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due to its low carbon dioxide emission and diversion of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and slag from landfills. In order to comprehend the behavior of AAB, detailed knowledge on relations between microstructure and mechanical properties are important. To address the issue, a new approach to characterize hardened pastes of AAB containing fly ash as well as those containing fly ash and slag was adopted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra microanalyses. The volume stoichiometries of the alkali activation reactions were used to estimate the quantities of the sodium aluminosilicate (N-A-S-H) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produced by these reactions. The 3D plots of Si/Al, Na/Al and Ca/Si atom ratios given by the microanalyses were compared with the estimated quantities of CSH(S) to successfully determine the unique chemical compositions of the N-A-S-H and CSH(S) for ten different AAB at three different curing temperatures using a constrained nonlinear least squares optimization formulation by general algebraic modeling system. The results show that the theoretical and experimental quantities of N-A-S-H and CSH(S) were in close agreement with each other. The R ^sup 2^ values were 0.99 for both alkali-activated fly ash and alkali-activated slag binders. |
| Author | Ben Dawson-Andoh Indrajit Ray Arkamitra Kar Udaya B. Halabe Avinash Unnikrishnan |
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Journal of Materials Science. doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5601-x. 69_CR25 X Feng (69_CR18) 2004; 34 69_CR21 69_CR41 69_CR40 69_CR2 69_CR1 C Famy (69_CR17) 2003; 23 A Fernandez-Jimenez (69_CR19) 2006; 85 P Duxson (69_CR16) 2005; 44 69_CR7 C Shi (69_CR33) 2006 69_CR9 69_CR4 P Silva De (69_CR14) 2007; 37 RE Rosenthal (69_CR31) 2008 69_CR3 69_CR29 69_CR28 69_CR15 69_CR37 69_CR36 69_CR13 69_CR35 69_CR34 69_CR10 69_CR32 69_CR30 MS Bazaara (69_CR6) 2006 A Kar (69_CR22) 2013; 9 A Kar (69_CR23) 2012; 30 VFF Barbosa (69_CR5) 2000; 57 J Davidovits (69_CR11) 1991; 37 MN Muzek (69_CR27) 2012; 26 WKW Lee (69_CR26) 2002; 41 W Chen (69_CR8) 2007; 42 J Davidovits (69_CR12) 1994; 16 A Kar (69_CR24) 2012; 34 69_CR39 A Fernandez-Jimenez (69_CR20) 1997; 27 69_CR38 |
| References_xml | – reference: Davidovits, J. (1999). Geopolymeric reactions in the economic future of cements and concretes: world-wide mitigation of carbon dioxide emission. In: J. Davidovits, R. Davidovits, & C. James (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on geopolymer’99. Saint Qunentin, France, June 30–July 2, pp. 111–121. – reference: ChenWBrouwersHJHThe hydration of slag, part 1: Reaction models for alkali-activated slagJournal Materials Science20074242844310.1007/s10853-006-0873-210.1007/s10853-006-0873-2 – reference: DuxsonPLukeyGCSeparovicFvan DeventerJSJEffect of alkali cations on aluminium incorporation in geopolymeric gelsIndustrial and Engineering Chemistry Research20054483283910.1021/ie049421610.1021/ie0494216 – reference: ASTM C989. (2013). Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars. Annual book of ASTM standards, concrete and aggregates, 04.02. 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| Snippet | Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due to its low carbon dioxide emission and... Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due toits low carbon dioxide emission and... |
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| Title | Characterizations and Quantitative Estimation of Alkali-Activated Binder Paste from Microstructures |
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