Effects of Dehydration on Brain Functioning: A Life-Span Perspective
Background: In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature dealing with the effects of mild dehydration on cognition in healthy adults. Fewer studies, leading to less consistent data, involved other age groups. Summary: In healthy young adults refraining from drink...
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| Published in | Annals of nutrition and metabolism Vol. 70; no. Suppl 1; pp. 30 - 36 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Basel, Switzerland
01.01.2017
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| Abstract | Background: In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature dealing with the effects of mild dehydration on cognition in healthy adults. Fewer studies, leading to less consistent data, involved other age groups. Summary: In healthy young adults refraining from drinking or participating in dehydration protocols, it was found that mild dehydration had no impact on performance, whereas the mood was widely impaired. Several studies have also been conducted in young children either as observational studies or as interventional studies. Nevertheless, methodological differences in (de)hydration monitoring, in cognitive assessments, and in the age/brain maturation of study participants, often resulted in contradictory findings regarding the cognitive functions impacted by (de)hydration. Although not consistent, these data showed that not only mood but also performance tend to be impaired by dehydration in children. Even if older adults are likely to be more vulnerable to dehydration than younger adults, very few studies have been conducted in this regard in this population. The results show that, like it is in children, cognition tends to be impaired when the elderly are dehydrated. Taken together, these studies suggest that dehydration has greater detrimental effects in vulnerable populations. Recent imaging data suggest that the brain of children and elderly adults may have fewer resources to manage the effects of dehydration. Consequently, cognitive tasks may be more demanding for younger and older brains and performance more likely to be impaired in these populations, in comparison to young healthy subjects who have greater and more efficient resources. |
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| AbstractList | Background: In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature dealing with the effects of mild dehydration on cognition in healthy adults. Fewer studies, leading to less consistent data, involved other age groups. Summary: In healthy young adults refraining from drinking or participating in dehydration protocols, it was found that mild dehydration had no impact on performance, whereas the mood was widely impaired. Several studies have also been conducted in young children either as observational studies or as interventional studies. Nevertheless, methodological differences in (de)hydration monitoring, in cognitive assessments, and in the age/brain maturation of study participants, often resulted in contradictory findings regarding the cognitive functions impacted by (de)hydration. Although not consistent, these data showed that not only mood but also performance tend to be impaired by dehydration in children. Even if older adults are likely to be more vulnerable to dehydration than younger adults, very few studies have been conducted in this regard in this population. The results show that, like it is in children, cognition tends to be impaired when the elderly are dehydrated. Taken together, these studies suggest that dehydration has greater detrimental effects in vulnerable populations. Recent imaging data suggest that the brain of children and elderly adults may have fewer resources to manage the effects of dehydration. Consequently, cognitive tasks may be more demanding for younger and older brains and performance more likely to be impaired in these populations, in comparison to young healthy subjects who have greater and more efficient resources. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature dealing with the effects of mild dehydration on cognition in healthy adults. Fewer studies, leading to less consistent data, involved other age groups. In healthy young adults refraining from drinking or participating in dehydration protocols, it was found that mild dehydration had no impact on performance, whereas the mood was widely impaired. Several studies have also been conducted in young children either as observational studies or as interventional studies. Nevertheless, methodological differences in (de)hydration monitoring, in cognitive assessments, and in the age/brain maturation of study participants, often resulted in contradictory findings regarding the cognitive functions impacted by (de)hydration. Although not consistent, these data showed that not only mood but also performance tend to be impaired by dehydration in children. Even if older adults are likely to be more vulnerable to dehydration than younger adults, very few studies have been conducted in this regard in this population. The results show that, like it is in children, cognition tends to be impaired when the elderly are dehydrated. Taken together, these studies suggest that dehydration has greater detrimental effects in vulnerable populations. Recent imaging data suggest that the brain of children and elderly adults may have fewer resources to manage the effects of dehydration. Consequently, cognitive tasks may be more demanding for younger and older brains and performance more likely to be impaired in these populations, in comparison to young healthy subjects who have greater and more efficient resources. |
| Author | Pross, Nathalie |
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| Issue | Suppl 1 |
| Keywords | Mood Cognition Adults Children Dehydration Adolescents Elderly |
| Language | English |
| License | This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission. 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. |
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| References | Bar-David Y, Urkin J, Kozminsky E: The effect of voluntary dehydration on cognitive functions of elementary school children. Acta Paediatr 2005;94:1667-1673. Benton D, Burgess N: The effect of the consumption of water on the memory and attention of children. Appetite 2009;53:143-146. Bonnet F, Lepicard EM, Cathrin L, Letellier C, Constant F, Hawili N, Friedlander G: French children start their school day with a hydration deficit. Ann Nutr Metab 2012;60:257-263. Erk S, Spottke A, Meisen A, Wagner M, Walter H, Jessen F: Evidence of neuronal compensation during episodic memory in subjective memory impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:845-852. Lees N, Lloyd-Williams M: Assessing depression in palliative care patients using the visual analogue scale: a pilot study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 1999;8:220-223. Mathis A, Schunck T, Erb G, Namer IJ, Luthringer R: The effect of aging on the inhibitory function in middle-aged subjects: a functional MRI study coupled with a color-matched Stroop task. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24:1062-1071. Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O: A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, ed 3. New York, Oxford University Press, 2006. Barulli D, Stern Y: Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends Cogn Sci 2013;17:502-509. Piaget J: La Naissance de l'intelligence chez l'Enfant, Delachaux et Niestlé, 1936. Stern Y: An approach to studying the neural correlates of reserve. Brain Imaging Behav 2016, Epub ahead of print. Lieberman HR: Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research. J Am Coll Nutr 2007;26:S555-S561. Scudder MR, Khan NA, Lambourne K, Drollette ES, Herrmann SD, Betts JL, Washburn RA, Donnelly JE, Hillman CH: Cognitive control in preadolescent children with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Health Psychol 2015;34:243-252. Popkin BM, D'Anci KE, Rosenberg IH: Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev 2010;68:439-458. Ganio MS, Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, McDermott BP, Lee EC, Yamamoto LM, Marzano S, Lopez RM, Jimenez L, Le Bellego L, Chevillotte E, Lieberman HR: Mild dehydration impairs cognitive performance and mood of men. Br J Nutr 2011;106:1535-1543. Kenney WL, Chiu P: Influence of age on thirst and fluid intake. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1524-1532. Reitan RM: Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958;8:271-276. Pross N, Demazières A, Girard N, Barnouin R, Santoro F, Chevillotte E, Klein A, Le Bellego L: Influence of progressive fluid restriction on mood and physiological markers of dehydration in women. Br J Nutr 2013;109:313-321. Rosen T, Connors S, Clark S, Halpern A, Stern ME, DeWald J, Lachs MS, Flomenbaum N: Assessment and management of delirium in older adults in the emergency department: literature review to inform development of a novel clinical protocol. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2015;37:183-196. Lehto JE, Juujärvi P, Juujärvi LX, Pulkkinen L: Dimensions of executive functioning: evidence from children. Br J Dev Psychol 2003;21:59-80. Armstrong LE, Ganio MS, Casa DJ, Lee EC, McDermott BP, Klau JF, Jimenez L, Le Bellego L, Chevillotte E, Lieberman HR: Mild dehydration affects mood in healthy young women. J Nutr 2012;142:382-388. Lieberman HR: Hydration and human cognition. Nutr Today 2010;45:S33-S36. Sfera A, Cummings M, Osorio C: Dehydration and cognition in geriatrics: a hydromolecular Hypothesis. Front Mol Biosci 2016;3:18. Giedd JN, Rapoport JL: Structural MRI of pediatric brain development: what have we learned and where are we going? Neuron 2010;67:728-734. Szinnai G, Schachinger H, Arnaud MJ, Linder L, Keller U: Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;289:R275-R280. Shirreffs SM, Merson SJ, Fraser SM, Archer DT: The effects of fluid restriction on hydration status and subjective feelings in man. Br J Nutr 2004;91:951-958. Kempton MJ, Ettinger U, Foster R, Williams SC, Calvert GA, Hampshire A, Zelaya FO, O'Gorman RL, McMorris T, Owen AM, Smith MS: Dehydration affects brain structure and function in healthy adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2011;32:71-79. Lee GO, Richard SA, Kang G, Houpt ER, Seidman JC, Pendergast LL, Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Mduma ER, Lima AA, Bessong P, Jennifer MS, Hossain MI, Chandyo RK, Nyathi E, Lima IF, Pascal J, Soofi S, Ladaporn B, Guerrant RL, Caulfield LE, Black RE, Kosek MN; MAL-ED Network Investigators: A comparison of diarrheal severity scores in the MAL-ED multisite community-based cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016;63:466-473. McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF: Manual of the Profile of Mood State. San-Diego, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, 1981. Edmonds CJ, Jeffes B: Does having a drink help you think? 6-7-Year-old children show improvements in cognitive performance from baseline to test after having a drink of water. Appetite 2009;53:469-472. Petri NM, Dropulic N, Kardum G: Effects of voluntary fluid intake deprivation on mental and psychomotor performance. Croat Med J 2006;47:855-861. Edmonds CJ, Burford D: Should children drink more water?: the effects of drinking water on cognition in children. Appetite 2009;52:776-579. Pross N, Demazières A, Girard N, Barnouin R, Metzger D, Klein A, Perrier E, Guelinckx I: Effects of changes in water intake on mood of high and low drinkers. PLoS One 2014;9:e94754. Akerstedt T, Gillberg M: Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int J Neurosci 1990;52:29-37. Whitney RE, Santucci K, Hsiao A, Chen L: Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing for dehydration in the pediatric ED. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:1573-1575. Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS: Is this child dehydrated? JAMA 2004;291:2746-2754. Randolph C: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. San Antonio, Psychological Corporation, 1998. Suhr JA, Hall J, Patterson SM, Niinistö RT: The relation of hydration status to cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2004;53:121-125. Suhr JA, Patterson SM, Austin AW, Heffner KL: The relation of hydration status to declarative memory and working memory in older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2010;14:840-843. D'Anci KE, Constant F, Rosenberg IH: Hydration and cognitive function in children. Nutr Rev 2006;64(10 pt 1):457-464. Matthews CG, Klove H: Instruction Manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. Madison, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1964. Khan NA, Raine LB, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Hillman CH: The relationship between total water intake and cognitive control among prepubertal children. Ann Nutr Metab 2015;66(suppl 3):S38-S41. |
| References_xml | – reference: Rosen T, Connors S, Clark S, Halpern A, Stern ME, DeWald J, Lachs MS, Flomenbaum N: Assessment and management of delirium in older adults in the emergency department: literature review to inform development of a novel clinical protocol. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2015;37:183-196. – reference: Erk S, Spottke A, Meisen A, Wagner M, Walter H, Jessen F: Evidence of neuronal compensation during episodic memory in subjective memory impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:845-852. – reference: Reitan RM: Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958;8:271-276. – reference: Stern Y: An approach to studying the neural correlates of reserve. Brain Imaging Behav 2016, Epub ahead of print. – reference: Szinnai G, Schachinger H, Arnaud MJ, Linder L, Keller U: Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;289:R275-R280. – reference: Scudder MR, Khan NA, Lambourne K, Drollette ES, Herrmann SD, Betts JL, Washburn RA, Donnelly JE, Hillman CH: Cognitive control in preadolescent children with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Health Psychol 2015;34:243-252. – reference: Lieberman HR: Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research. J Am Coll Nutr 2007;26:S555-S561. – reference: Matthews CG, Klove H: Instruction Manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. Madison, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1964. – reference: Lieberman HR: Hydration and human cognition. Nutr Today 2010;45:S33-S36. – reference: Edmonds CJ, Burford D: Should children drink more water?: the effects of drinking water on cognition in children. Appetite 2009;52:776-579. – reference: D'Anci KE, Constant F, Rosenberg IH: Hydration and cognitive function in children. Nutr Rev 2006;64(10 pt 1):457-464. – reference: Barulli D, Stern Y: Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends Cogn Sci 2013;17:502-509. – reference: Bonnet F, Lepicard EM, Cathrin L, Letellier C, Constant F, Hawili N, Friedlander G: French children start their school day with a hydration deficit. Ann Nutr Metab 2012;60:257-263. – reference: Benton D, Burgess N: The effect of the consumption of water on the memory and attention of children. Appetite 2009;53:143-146. – reference: Armstrong LE, Ganio MS, Casa DJ, Lee EC, McDermott BP, Klau JF, Jimenez L, Le Bellego L, Chevillotte E, Lieberman HR: Mild dehydration affects mood in healthy young women. J Nutr 2012;142:382-388. – reference: McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF: Manual of the Profile of Mood State. San-Diego, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, 1981. – reference: Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS: Is this child dehydrated? JAMA 2004;291:2746-2754. – reference: Mathis A, Schunck T, Erb G, Namer IJ, Luthringer R: The effect of aging on the inhibitory function in middle-aged subjects: a functional MRI study coupled with a color-matched Stroop task. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24:1062-1071. – reference: Popkin BM, D'Anci KE, Rosenberg IH: Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev 2010;68:439-458. – reference: Akerstedt T, Gillberg M: Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int J Neurosci 1990;52:29-37. – reference: Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O: A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, ed 3. New York, Oxford University Press, 2006. – reference: Edmonds CJ, Jeffes B: Does having a drink help you think? 6-7-Year-old children show improvements in cognitive performance from baseline to test after having a drink of water. Appetite 2009;53:469-472. – reference: Suhr JA, Hall J, Patterson SM, Niinistö RT: The relation of hydration status to cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2004;53:121-125. – reference: Ganio MS, Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, McDermott BP, Lee EC, Yamamoto LM, Marzano S, Lopez RM, Jimenez L, Le Bellego L, Chevillotte E, Lieberman HR: Mild dehydration impairs cognitive performance and mood of men. Br J Nutr 2011;106:1535-1543. – reference: Khan NA, Raine LB, Drollette ES, Scudder MR, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Hillman CH: The relationship between total water intake and cognitive control among prepubertal children. Ann Nutr Metab 2015;66(suppl 3):S38-S41. – reference: Lees N, Lloyd-Williams M: Assessing depression in palliative care patients using the visual analogue scale: a pilot study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 1999;8:220-223. – reference: Lee GO, Richard SA, Kang G, Houpt ER, Seidman JC, Pendergast LL, Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Mduma ER, Lima AA, Bessong P, Jennifer MS, Hossain MI, Chandyo RK, Nyathi E, Lima IF, Pascal J, Soofi S, Ladaporn B, Guerrant RL, Caulfield LE, Black RE, Kosek MN; MAL-ED Network Investigators: A comparison of diarrheal severity scores in the MAL-ED multisite community-based cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016;63:466-473. – reference: Sfera A, Cummings M, Osorio C: Dehydration and cognition in geriatrics: a hydromolecular Hypothesis. Front Mol Biosci 2016;3:18. – reference: Bar-David Y, Urkin J, Kozminsky E: The effect of voluntary dehydration on cognitive functions of elementary school children. Acta Paediatr 2005;94:1667-1673. – reference: Giedd JN, Rapoport JL: Structural MRI of pediatric brain development: what have we learned and where are we going? Neuron 2010;67:728-734. – reference: Pross N, Demazières A, Girard N, Barnouin R, Metzger D, Klein A, Perrier E, Guelinckx I: Effects of changes in water intake on mood of high and low drinkers. PLoS One 2014;9:e94754. – reference: Suhr JA, Patterson SM, Austin AW, Heffner KL: The relation of hydration status to declarative memory and working memory in older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2010;14:840-843. – reference: Shirreffs SM, Merson SJ, Fraser SM, Archer DT: The effects of fluid restriction on hydration status and subjective feelings in man. Br J Nutr 2004;91:951-958. – reference: Whitney RE, Santucci K, Hsiao A, Chen L: Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing for dehydration in the pediatric ED. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:1573-1575. – reference: Pross N, Demazières A, Girard N, Barnouin R, Santoro F, Chevillotte E, Klein A, Le Bellego L: Influence of progressive fluid restriction on mood and physiological markers of dehydration in women. Br J Nutr 2013;109:313-321. – reference: Kenney WL, Chiu P: Influence of age on thirst and fluid intake. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1524-1532. – reference: Randolph C: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. San Antonio, Psychological Corporation, 1998. – reference: Lehto JE, Juujärvi P, Juujärvi LX, Pulkkinen L: Dimensions of executive functioning: evidence from children. Br J Dev Psychol 2003;21:59-80. – reference: Piaget J: La Naissance de l'intelligence chez l'Enfant, Delachaux et Niestlé, 1936. – reference: Kempton MJ, Ettinger U, Foster R, Williams SC, Calvert GA, Hampshire A, Zelaya FO, O'Gorman RL, McMorris T, Owen AM, Smith MS: Dehydration affects brain structure and function in healthy adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2011;32:71-79. – reference: Petri NM, Dropulic N, Kardum G: Effects of voluntary fluid intake deprivation on mental and psychomotor performance. Croat Med J 2006;47:855-861. |
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| Title | Effects of Dehydration on Brain Functioning: A Life-Span Perspective |
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