HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) from HIV-infected patients residing in two regions of central and southern Italy
A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non‐Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty‐four (12.6%) non‐B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01...
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| Published in | Journal of medical virology Vol. 75; no. 4; pp. 483 - 490 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
01.04.2005
Wiley-Liss |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0146-6615 1096-9071 |
| DOI | 10.1002/jmv.20300 |
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| Abstract | A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non‐Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty‐four (12.6%) non‐B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01_AE, 0.6% BF, and 0.3% CRF06‐cpx recombinant forms. An additional sample close‐matched the pol gene of an unique recombinant form (URF AGK 99GR303). The non‐B subtypes were from 40 adults and 4 children; 12 of these 44 patients were epidemiologically linked. Thirty‐three of the 44 non‐B viruses pertained to non‐Italian immigrants and 11 to Italians, signifying that 63.4% immigrants and 3.7% Italians harbored non‐B subtypes. The overall frequency of non‐B subtypes was higher in Tuscany than in Apulia (18.1% vs. 10.8%). Moreover, 6.1% and 3.0% non‐B subtypes were found among Italians from Florence and Apulia, respectively, while 52.1% and 72.4% of immigrants living in Tuscany and Apulia harbored non‐B subtypes. Women infected by means of sexual contact prevailed among non‐Italian adults; the majority of Italians were males and admitted high‐risk sexual behavior. Four Italians had a history of extensive travel in countries of high endemicity. Social and epidemiological changes are responsible for an increasing circulation of non‐B subtypes in Italy. Although non‐B subtypes principally infect non‐Italian patients, in Italy they can no longer be considered exclusively restricted to subjects from endemic areas. J. Med. Virol. 75:483–490, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non-Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty-four (12.6%) non-B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01_AE, 0.6% BF, and 0.3% CRF06-cpx recombinant forms. An additional sample close-matched the pol gene of an unique recombinant form (URF AGK 99GR303). The non-B subtypes were from 40 adults and 4 children; 12 of these 44 patients were epidemiologically linked. Thirty-three of the 44 non-B viruses pertained to non-Italian immigrants and 11 to Italians, signifying that 63.4% immigrants and 3.7% Italians harbored non-B subtypes. The overall frequency of non-B subtypes was higher in Tuscany than in Apulia (18.1% vs. 10.8%). Moreover, 6.1% and 3.0% non-B subtypes were found among Italians from Florence and Apulia, respectively, while 52.1% and 72.4% of immigrants living in Tuscany and Apulia harbored non-B subtypes. Women infected by means of sexual contact prevailed among non-Italian adults; the majority of Italians were males and admitted high-risk sexual behavior. Four Italians had a history of extensive travel in countries of high endemicity. Social and epidemiological changes are responsible for an increasing circulation of non-B subtypes in Italy. Although non-B subtypes principally infect non-Italian patients, in Italy they can no longer be considered exclusively restricted to subjects from endemic areas. A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non-Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty-four (12.6%) non-B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01_AE, 0.6% BF, and 0.3% CRF06-cpx recombinant forms. An additional sample close-matched the pol gene of an unique recombinant form (URF AGK 99GR303). The non-B subtypes were from 40 adults and 4 children; 12 of these 44 patients were epidemiologically linked. Thirty-three of the 44 non-B viruses pertained to non-Italian immigrants and 11 to Italians, signifying that 63.4% immigrants and 3.7% Italians harbored non-B subtypes. The overall frequency of non-B subtypes was higher in Tuscany than in Apulia (18.1% vs. 10.8%). Moreover, 6.1% and 3.0% non-B subtypes were found among Italians from Florence and Apulia, respectively, while 52.1% and 72.4% of immigrants living in Tuscany and Apulia harbored non-B subtypes. Women infected by means of sexual contact prevailed among non-Italian adults; the majority of Italians were males and admitted high-risk sexual behavior. Four Italians had a history of extensive travel in countries of high endemicity. Social and epidemiological changes are responsible for an increasing circulation of non-B subtypes in Italy. Although non-B subtypes principally infect non-Italian patients, in Italy they can no longer be considered exclusively restricted to subjects from endemic areas.A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non-Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty-four (12.6%) non-B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01_AE, 0.6% BF, and 0.3% CRF06-cpx recombinant forms. An additional sample close-matched the pol gene of an unique recombinant form (URF AGK 99GR303). The non-B subtypes were from 40 adults and 4 children; 12 of these 44 patients were epidemiologically linked. Thirty-three of the 44 non-B viruses pertained to non-Italian immigrants and 11 to Italians, signifying that 63.4% immigrants and 3.7% Italians harbored non-B subtypes. The overall frequency of non-B subtypes was higher in Tuscany than in Apulia (18.1% vs. 10.8%). Moreover, 6.1% and 3.0% non-B subtypes were found among Italians from Florence and Apulia, respectively, while 52.1% and 72.4% of immigrants living in Tuscany and Apulia harbored non-B subtypes. Women infected by means of sexual contact prevailed among non-Italian adults; the majority of Italians were males and admitted high-risk sexual behavior. Four Italians had a history of extensive travel in countries of high endemicity. Social and epidemiological changes are responsible for an increasing circulation of non-B subtypes in Italy. Although non-B subtypes principally infect non-Italian patients, in Italy they can no longer be considered exclusively restricted to subjects from endemic areas. A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non‐Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty‐four (12.6%) non‐B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01_AE, 0.6% BF, and 0.3% CRF06‐cpx recombinant forms. An additional sample close‐matched the pol gene of an unique recombinant form (URF AGK 99GR303). The non‐B subtypes were from 40 adults and 4 children; 12 of these 44 patients were epidemiologically linked. Thirty‐three of the 44 non‐B viruses pertained to non‐Italian immigrants and 11 to Italians, signifying that 63.4% immigrants and 3.7% Italians harbored non‐B subtypes. The overall frequency of non‐B subtypes was higher in Tuscany than in Apulia (18.1% vs. 10.8%). Moreover, 6.1% and 3.0% non‐B subtypes were found among Italians from Florence and Apulia, respectively, while 52.1% and 72.4% of immigrants living in Tuscany and Apulia harbored non‐B subtypes. Women infected by means of sexual contact prevailed among non‐Italian adults; the majority of Italians were males and admitted high‐risk sexual behavior. Four Italians had a history of extensive travel in countries of high endemicity. Social and epidemiological changes are responsible for an increasing circulation of non‐B subtypes in Italy. Although non‐B subtypes principally infect non‐Italian patients, in Italy they can no longer be considered exclusively restricted to subjects from endemic areas. J. Med. Virol. 75:483–490, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non‐Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty‐four (12.6%) non‐B subtypes were found, including 3.4% C, 1.4% F1, 0.8% G, and 0.3% each for J and A pure subtypes, and 3.7% CRF02_AG, 1.4% CRF01_AE, 0.6% BF, and 0.3% CRF06‐cpx recombinant forms. An additional sample close‐matched the pol gene of an unique recombinant form (URF AGK 99GR303). The non‐B subtypes were from 40 adults and 4 children; 12 of these 44 patients were epidemiologically linked. Thirty‐three of the 44 non‐B viruses pertained to non‐Italian immigrants and 11 to Italians, signifying that 63.4% immigrants and 3.7% Italians harbored non‐B subtypes. The overall frequency of non‐B subtypes was higher in Tuscany than in Apulia (18.1% vs. 10.8%). Moreover, 6.1% and 3.0% non‐B subtypes were found among Italians from Florence and Apulia, respectively, while 52.1% and 72.4% of immigrants living in Tuscany and Apulia harbored non‐B subtypes. Women infected by means of sexual contact prevailed among non‐Italian adults; the majority of Italians were males and admitted high‐risk sexual behavior. Four Italians had a history of extensive travel in countries of high endemicity. Social and epidemiological changes are responsible for an increasing circulation of non‐B subtypes in Italy. Although non‐B subtypes principally infect non‐Italian patients, in Italy they can no longer be considered exclusively restricted to subjects from endemic areas. J. Med. Virol. 75:483–490, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
| Author | Scarabaggio, Teresa Caputo, Sergio Lo Saracino, Annalisa Bari, Cesare Di Pierotti, Piera Angarano, Gioacchino Monno, Laura Riva, Chiara Lagioia, Antonella Mazzotta, Francesco Punzi, Grazia Brindicci, Gaetano Balotta, Claudia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Laura surname: Monno fullname: Monno, Laura email: l.monno@clininf.uniba.it organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Gaetano surname: Brindicci fullname: Brindicci, Gaetano organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Sergio Lo surname: Caputo fullname: Caputo, Sergio Lo organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Santa Maria Annunziata, Firenze, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Grazia surname: Punzi fullname: Punzi, Grazia organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Teresa surname: Scarabaggio fullname: Scarabaggio, Teresa organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Chiara surname: Riva fullname: Riva, Chiara organization: Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, Milano, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Cesare Di surname: Bari fullname: Bari, Cesare Di organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, "Giovanni XXIII" Pediatric Hospital, Bari, Italy – sequence: 8 givenname: Piera surname: Pierotti fullname: Pierotti, Piera organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Santa Maria Annunziata, Firenze, Italy – sequence: 9 givenname: Annalisa surname: Saracino fullname: Saracino, Annalisa organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Italy – sequence: 10 givenname: Antonella surname: Lagioia fullname: Lagioia, Antonella organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy – sequence: 11 givenname: Francesco surname: Mazzotta fullname: Mazzotta, Francesco organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Santa Maria Annunziata, Firenze, Italy – sequence: 12 givenname: Claudia surname: Balotta fullname: Balotta, Claudia organization: Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, Milano, Italy – sequence: 13 givenname: Gioacchino surname: Angarano fullname: Angarano, Gioacchino organization: Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Foggia, Italy |
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| Keywords | Human HIV-1 Immunopathology HIV-1 virus Retroviridae AIDS Immune deficiency Lentivirus subtypes Infection Virus Viral disease Circulating recombinant form Molecular epidemiology Italy Human immunodeficiency virus Subtype circulating recombinant forms |
| Language | English |
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Paraskevis D, Magiorkinis E, Magiorkinis G, Anastassopoulou C, Lazanas M, Chrysos G, Vandamme AM, Hatzakis A. 2001. Molecular characterization of a complex, recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate (A/G/J/K/?): Evidence to support the existence of a novel HIV-1 subtype. J Gen Virol 82: 2509-2514. Angarano G, Pastore G, Monno L, Santantonio T, Luchena N, Schiraldi O. 1985. Rapid spread of HTLV-III infection among drug addicts in Italy. Lancet 2: 1302. Papa A, Papadimitriou E, Papoutsi A, Kiosses V, Antoniadis A. 2002. HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in Northern Greece. Virus Res 85: 85-93. McCutchan FE, Carr JK, Bajani M, Sanders-Buell E, Harry TO, Stoeckli TC, Robbins KE, Gashau W, Nasidi A, Janssens W, Kalish ML. 1999. Subtype G and multiple forms of A/G intersubtype recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Nigeria. Virology 254: 226-234. 2002; 16 2001; 184 2000; 5 1985; 2 1997; 176 2002; 2 1999; 22 1996 1999; 262 1999; 21 2001; 27 1998; 279 2001; 23 1993; 269 1996; 10 1993; 341 2001; 82 2002; 29 2000; 38 2003; 70 2000; 14 2002; 85 1997; 11 2002; 46 1997; 13 1999; 179 2001; 39 1999; 254 1998; 12 1998; 241 e_1_2_1_20_1 e_1_2_1_23_1 e_1_2_1_21_1 e_1_2_1_22_1 e_1_2_1_28_1 e_1_2_1_25_1 e_1_2_1_26_1 e_1_2_1_29_1 Vergne L (e_1_2_1_33_1) 2000; 38 Felsenstein J (e_1_2_1_13_1) 1996 e_1_2_1_7_1 e_1_2_1_31_1 e_1_2_1_8_1 e_1_2_1_30_1 e_1_2_1_5_1 e_1_2_1_3_1 e_1_2_1_4_1 Muller‐Trutwin MC (e_1_2_1_24_1) 1999; 21 e_1_2_1_10_1 e_1_2_1_2_1 e_1_2_1_11_1 Paraskevis D (e_1_2_1_27_1) 2001; 82 e_1_2_1_32_1 e_1_2_1_16_1 e_1_2_1_17_1 e_1_2_1_14_1 e_1_2_1_15_1 Boni J (e_1_2_1_6_1) 1999; 22 e_1_2_1_9_1 Descamps D (e_1_2_1_12_1) 1998; 12 e_1_2_1_18_1 e_1_2_1_19_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Monno L, Punzi G, Scarabaggio T, Saracino A, Brindicci G, Fiore JR, Iambrenghi OC, Di Stefano M, Pastore G, Angarano G. 2003. Mutational patterns of paired blood and rectal biopsies in HIV-infected patients on HAART. J Med Virol 70: 1-9. – reference: Andersson S, Norrgren H, Dias F, Biberfeld G, Albert J. 1999. Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: Predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. Virology 262: 312-320. – reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. JAMA 269: 729-730. – reference: Irwin KL, Pau CP, Lupo D, Pienazek D, Luo CC, Olivo N, Rayfield M, Hu DJ, Weber JT, Respess RA, Janssen R, Minor P, Ernst J. 1997. HIV genetic diversity in North America. 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AIDS 14: 499-507. – reference: Gonzales MJ, Machekano RN, Shafer RW. 2001. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse-transcriptase and protease subtypes: Classification, amino acid mutation patterns, and prevalence in a Northern California clinic-based population. J Infect Dis 184: 998-1006. – reference: Boni J, Pyra H, Gebhardt M, Perrin L, Burgisser P, Matter L, Fierz W, Erb P, Piffaretti JC, Minder E, Grob P, Burckhardt JJ, Zwahlen M, Schupbach J. 1999. High frequency of non-B subtypes in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Switzerland. J Acquir Immune Def Syndr 22: 174-179. – reference: Paraskevis D, Magiorkinis E, Magiorkinis G, Anastassopoulou C, Lazanas M, Chrysos G, Vandamme AM, Hatzakis A. 2001. Molecular characterization of a complex, recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate (A/G/J/K/?): Evidence to support the existence of a novel HIV-1 subtype. J Gen Virol 82: 2509-2514. – reference: Tscheming C, Alaeus A, Fredriksson R, Bjomdal A, Deng H, Littman DR, Fenyo EM, Albert J. 1998. Differences chemokines coreceptor usage between genetic subtypes of HIV-1. Virology 241: 181-188. – reference: Angarano G, Pastore G, Monno L, Santantonio T, Luchena N, Schiraldi O. 1985. Rapid spread of HTLV-III infection among drug addicts in Italy. Lancet 2: 1302. – reference: Snoeck J, Van Dooren S, Van Laethem K, Derdelinckx I, Van Wijngaerden E, De Clercq E, Vandamme AM. 2002. Prevalence and origin of HIV-1 group M subtypes among patients attending a Belgian hospital in 1999. Virus Res 85: 95-107. – reference: Balotta C, Facchi G, Violin M, Van Dooren S, Cozzi-Lepri A, Forbici F, Bertoli A, Riva C, Senese D, Caramello P, Camevale G, Rizzardini G, Cremonini L, Monno L, Rezza G, Pemo CF, Ippolito G, d'Arminio-Monforte A, Vandamme AM, Moroni M; ICONA Study Group. 2001. 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AIDS 10: S13-S20. – volume: 13 start-page: 363 year: 1997 end-page: 365 article-title: HIV type 1 subtype F sequences in Romanian children and adults publication-title: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses – volume: 29 start-page: 522 year: 2002 end-page: 530 article-title: CRF06‐cpx: A new circulating recombinant form of HIV‐1 in West Africa involving subtypes A, G, K, and J publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – volume: 5 start-page: 897 year: 2000 end-page: 899 article-title: Widespread circulation of B/F intersubtype recombinant form among HIV‐1 infected individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina publication-title: AIDS – volume: 179 start-page: 68 year: 1999 end-page: 73 article-title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes differ in disease progression publication-title: J Infect Dis – volume: 14 start-page: 289 year: 2000 end-page: 296 article-title: HIV‐1 diversity in France, 1996–1998. The AC11 laboratory network publication-title: AIDS – volume: 82 start-page: 2509 year: 2001 end-page: 2514 article-title: Molecular characterization of a complex, recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) isolate (A/G/J/K/?): Evidence to support the existence of a novel HIV‐1 subtype publication-title: J Gen Virol – volume: 70 start-page: 1 year: 2003 end-page: 9 article-title: Mutational patterns of paired blood and rectal biopsies in HIV‐infected patients on HAART publication-title: J Med Virol – volume: 14 start-page: 499 year: 2000 end-page: 507 article-title: Insights into the reasons for discontinuation of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in a cohort of antiretroviral naive patients. I.CO.NA. Study Group. 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| Snippet | A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non‐Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty‐four... A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non‐Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty‐four... A total of 347 pol gene sequences from 88 Tuscan and 259 Apulian subjects (including 52 non-Italians and 9 children) were analyzed phylogenetically. Forty-four... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool circulating recombinant forms Emigration and Immigration Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Products, pol - genetics HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - virology HIV-1 HIV-1 - classification HIV-1 - genetics Human viral diseases Humans Infectious diseases Italy Italy - epidemiology Male Medical sciences Microbiology Middle Aged Miscellaneous Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Recombination, Genetic Sequence Analysis, DNA subtypes Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids Virology |
| Title | HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) from HIV-infected patients residing in two regions of central and southern Italy |
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