Focusing versus distraction and the response to clinical electric shocks
This study pertains to assessing the effects of electric shocks that are used in the treatment of severe self-injurious behavior. With pain sensation and startle response as the dependent variables and focusing versus distraction of recipient's attention to the electric shocks as the independen...
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| Published in | Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 199 - 204 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.09.1999
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | This study pertains to assessing the effects of electric shocks that are used in the treatment of severe self-injurious behavior. With pain sensation and startle response as the dependent variables and focusing versus distraction of recipient's attention to the electric shocks as the independent variable, these stimuli were administered to 60 paid volunteers. Using ANOVA, no significant effect of the independent variable was found on either measure. However, repeated administration of the electric shock produced a significant increment of pain sensation, with a concomitant significant decrease of magnitude of the startle response. No interaction effect was found. |
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| AbstractList | This study pertains to assessing the effects of electric shocks that are used in the treatment of severe self-injurious behavior. With pain sensation and startle response as the dependent variables and focusing versus distraction of recipient's attention to the electric shocks as the independent variable, these stimuli were administered to 60 paid volunteers. Using ANOVA, no significant effect of the independent variable was found on either measure. However, repeated administration of the electric shock produced a significant increment of pain sensation, with a concomitant significant decrease of magnitude of the startle response. No interaction effect was found. With pain sensation and startle response as dependent variables and focusing versus distraction of recipient's attention to electric shocks as independent variable, administered stimuli to 60 paid volunteers. Using ANOVA, found no significant effect of the independent variable on either measure. Repeated administration of electric shock produced a significant increment of pain sensation, with a concomitant significant decrease of magnitude of startle response. Found no interaction effect. (Original abstract - amended) |
| Author | Foekens, Marie-Anne van den Bercken, John Duker, Pieter C |
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| Keywords | Shock Human Sensation Pain Electrical stimulus Electric Startle reflex |
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| References | von Heyn, R. E., Israel, M. L. & Worsham, R. W. (1993). Williams, Kirkpatrick-Sanchez, Iwata (BIB3) 1993; 14 Arntz, Dreessen, Merckelbach (BIB5) 1991; 29 Jensen, Karoly, Braver (BIB7) 1986; 27 Duker, P. C., Reurslag, I. & van den Bercken, J. (1998). Variables influencing the sensation of clinical electric shock. Unpublished manuscript. Duker, Seys (BIB6) 1996; 17 Didden, Duker, Korzilius (BIB1) 1997; 101 (Publication no. 93-2) Behavior Research Institute, Providence, Rhode Island. Arntz (10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB5) 1991; 29 Duker (10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB6) 1996; 17 Jensen (10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB7) 1986; 27 Williams (10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB3) 1993; 14 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB4 Didden (10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB1) 1997; 101 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB2 |
| References_xml | – volume: 101 start-page: 387 year: 1997 end-page: 399 ident: BIB1 article-title: Meta-analytic study on treatment effectiveness for problem behaviors with individuals who have mental retardation publication-title: American Journal on Mental Retardation contributor: fullname: Korzilius – volume: 17 start-page: 293 year: 1996 end-page: 301 ident: BIB6 article-title: Long-term use of electrical aversion treatment with self-injurious behavior publication-title: Research in Developmental Disabilities contributor: fullname: Seys – volume: 14 start-page: 207 year: 1993 end-page: 219 ident: BIB3 article-title: A comparison of shock intensity in the treatment of longstanding and severe self-injurious behavior publication-title: Research in Developmental Disabilities contributor: fullname: Iwata – volume: 27 start-page: 117 year: 1986 end-page: 126 ident: BIB7 article-title: The measurement of clinical pain intensity publication-title: Pain contributor: fullname: Braver – volume: 29 start-page: 41 year: 1991 end-page: 50 ident: BIB5 article-title: Attention, not anxiety, influences pain publication-title: Behaviour Research and Therapy contributor: fullname: Merckelbach – volume: 101 start-page: 387 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB1 article-title: Meta-analytic study on treatment effectiveness for problem behaviors with individuals who have mental retardation publication-title: American Journal on Mental Retardation contributor: fullname: Didden – ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB4 – volume: 27 start-page: 117 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB7 article-title: The measurement of clinical pain intensity publication-title: Pain doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90228-9 contributor: fullname: Jensen – ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB2 – volume: 17 start-page: 293 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB6 article-title: Long-term use of electrical aversion treatment with self-injurious behavior publication-title: Research in Developmental Disabilities doi: 10.1016/0891-4222(96)00014-5 contributor: fullname: Duker – volume: 14 start-page: 207 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB3 article-title: A comparison of shock intensity in the treatment of longstanding and severe self-injurious behavior publication-title: Research in Developmental Disabilities doi: 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90031-E contributor: fullname: Williams – volume: 29 start-page: 41 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00025-7_BIB5 article-title: Attention, not anxiety, influences pain publication-title: Behaviour Research and Therapy doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(09)80006-5 contributor: fullname: Arntz |
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| Snippet | This study pertains to assessing the effects of electric shocks that are used in the treatment of severe self-injurious behavior. With pain sensation and... With pain sensation and startle response as dependent variables and focusing versus distraction of recipient's attention to electric shocks as independent... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Attention Aversive Therapy Biological and medical sciences Distraction Electric shock Electroshock - psychology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Miscellaneous Pain Threshold Psychology and medicine Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reflex, Startle Relationship Responses Self-Injurious Behavior - prevention & control Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology Selfinjury Severe |
| Title | Focusing versus distraction and the response to clinical electric shocks |
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