Variation in soil macro-fauna diversity in seven humus orders of a Parrotio-Carpinetum forest association on Chromic Cambisols of Shast-klateh area in Iran

Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact wit...

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Published in	Eurasian soil science Vol. 50; no. 3; pp. 341 - 349
Main Authors	Izadi, M., Habashi, H., Waez-Mousavi, S. M.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.03.2017 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Arthropoda arthropods Biodiversity Biological diversity Cambisols Climatic conditions climatic factors Decomposing organic matter Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Flora forests Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Humus Iran Life cycles Macrofauna Microbial activity organic horizons Soil Biology Soil dynamics Soil fauna Soil microbiology Soil organic matter Soils taxonomic keys Iran ISW, Iran humus form Amphi diversity Mull soil macro-fauna
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Abstract	Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact with the climatic conditions, flora, as well as soil fauna, and microbial activity. In new humus form classifications, soil organisms play an important role in separation of humus horizons from one another. The subject of this study was to determine the diversity of macro fauna for different humus forms. We determined humus forms using morphological classification, and then 69 random samples were taken from plots of 100 cm 2 in area, and soil macro-fauna species were collected by hand sorting method. Two classes of humus forms, including Mull (with three humus orders, namely Dysmull, Oligomull, and Mesomull,) and Amphi (with four humus orders, namely Leptoamphi, Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Pachyamphi) were identified. A number of 13 macro-fauna orders were identified using identification key. Among the humus orders, Shannon diversity, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices were the highest in Pachyamphi order. Arthropod diversity in Pachyamphi humus order was higher than those of Mull. These results showed that diversity of soil macrofauna increase by increasing the thickness of the organic horizons (OL, OF, OH), especially OH horizon.
AbstractList	Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact with the climatic conditions, flora, as well as soil fauna, and microbial activity. In new humus form classifications, soil organisms play an important role in separation of humus horizons from one another. The subject of this study was to determine the diversity of macro fauna for different humus forms. We determined humus forms using morphological classification, and then 69 random samples were taken from plots of 100 cm 2 in area, and soil macro-fauna species were collected by hand sorting method. Two classes of humus forms, including Mull (with three humus orders, namely Dysmull, Oligomull, and Mesomull,) and Amphi (with four humus orders, namely Leptoamphi, Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Pachyamphi) were identified. A number of 13 macro-fauna orders were identified using identification key. Among the humus orders, Shannon diversity, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices were the highest in Pachyamphi order. Arthropod diversity in Pachyamphi humus order was higher than those of Mull. These results showed that diversity of soil macrofauna increase by increasing the thickness of the organic horizons (OL, OF, OH), especially OH horizon. Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact with the climatic conditions, flora, as well as soil fauna, and microbial activity. In new humus form classifications, soil organisms play an important role in separation of humus horizons from one another. The subject of this study was to determine the diversity of macro fauna for different humus forms. We determined humus forms using morphological classification, and then 69 random samples were taken from plots of 100 cm super(2) in area, and soil macro-fauna species were collected by hand sorting method. Two classes of humus forms, including Mull (with three humus orders, namely Dysmull, Oligomull, and Mesomull,) and Amphi (with four humus orders, namely Leptoamphi, Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Pachyamphi) were identified. A number of 13 macro-fauna orders were identified using identification key. Among the humus orders, Shannon diversity, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices were the highest in Pachyamphi order. Arthropod diversity in Pachyamphi humus order was higher than those of Mull. These results showed that diversity of soil macrofauna increase by increasing the thickness of the organic horizons (OL, OF, OH), especially OH horizon. Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact with the climatic conditions, flora, as well as soil fauna, and microbial activity. In new humus form classifications, soil organisms play an important role in separation of humus horizons from one another. The subject of this study was to determine the diversity of macro fauna for different humus forms. We determined humus forms using morphological classification, and then 69 random samples were taken from plots of 100 [cm.sup.2] in area, and soil macro-fauna species were collected by hand sorting method. Two classes of humus forms, including Mull (with three humus orders, namely Dysmull, Oligomull, and Mesomull,) and Amphi (with four humus orders, namely Leptoamphi, Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Pachyamphi) were identified. A number of 13 macro-fauna orders were identified using identification key. Among the humus orders, Shannon diversity, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices were the highest in Pachyamphi order. Arthropod diversity in Pachyamphi humus order was higher than those of Mull. These results showed that diversity of soil macrofauna increase by increasing the thickness of the organic horizons (OL, OF, OH), especially OH horizon. Keywords: humus form, soil macro-fauna, Amphi, Mull, diversity Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact with the climatic conditions, flora, as well as soil fauna, and microbial activity. In new humus form classifications, soil organisms play an important role in separation of humus horizons from one another. The subject of this study was to determine the diversity of macro fauna for different humus forms. We determined humus forms using morphological classification, and then 69 random samples were taken from plots of 100 cm2 in area, and soil macro-fauna species were collected by hand sorting method. Two classes of humus forms, including Mull (with three humus orders, namely Dysmull, Oligomull, and Mesomull,) and Amphi (with four humus orders, namely Leptoamphi, Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Pachyamphi) were identified. A number of 13 macro-fauna orders were identified using identification key. Among the humus orders, Shannon diversity, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices were the highest in Pachyamphi order. Arthropod diversity in Pachyamphi humus order was higher than those of Mull. These results showed that diversity of soil macrofauna increase by increasing the thickness of the organic horizons (OL, OF, OH), especially OH horizon. Soil biodiversity includes organisms which spend a part or all of their life cycle on or in the soil. Among soil-dwelling animals, macro-fauna as an important group of animals have important effects on the dynamics of soil organic matter and litter decomposition process. The humus forms interact with the climatic conditions, flora, as well as soil fauna, and microbial activity. In new humus form classifications, soil organisms play an important role in separation of humus horizons from one another. The subject of this study was to determine the diversity of macro fauna for different humus forms. We determined humus forms using morphological classification, and then 69 random samples were taken from plots of 100 cm² in area, and soil macro-fauna species were collected by hand sorting method. Two classes of humus forms, including Mull (with three humus orders, namely Dysmull, Oligomull, and Mesomull,) and Amphi (with four humus orders, namely Leptoamphi, Eumacroamphi, Eumesoamphi, and Pachyamphi) were identified. A number of 13 macro-fauna orders were identified using identification key. Among the humus orders, Shannon diversity, Simpson evenness and Margalef richness indices were the highest in Pachyamphi order. Arthropod diversity in Pachyamphi humus order was higher than those of Mull. These results showed that diversity of soil macrofauna increase by increasing the thickness of the organic horizons (OL, OF, OH), especially OH horizon.
Audience	Academic
Author	Waez-Mousavi, S. M. Habashi, H. Izadi, M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: M. surname: Izadi fullname: Izadi, M. email: M.Izadi460@yahoo.com organization: Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Forest Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: H. surname: Habashi fullname: Habashi, H. organization: Assistant Prof. at Dept. of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources – sequence: 3 givenname: S. M. surname: Waez-Mousavi fullname: Waez-Mousavi, S. M. organization: Assistant Prof. at Dept. of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsoil_2017_09_023 crossref_primary_10_52547_ifej_9_18_169 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsoil_2017_09_022 crossref_primary_10_3390_d14080602 crossref_primary_10_1002_ecs2_3075 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_170_2_022125 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geoderma_2019_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12517_019_4532_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2023_121297 crossref_primary_10_1080_00103624_2025_2471345 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_landusepol_2020_104956
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.022 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.10.001 10.2136/sssaj2004.8760 10.1016/S1164-5563(01)01099-8 10.1007/s10531-006-9109-7 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00149-4 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.007 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00500.x 10.2307/1313612 10.1007/BF00378988 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.089 10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.010 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.08.003 10.1051/forest:2002020 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.028 10.1007/BF00345112 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.006 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.028 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00201-7 10.1163/002829670X00132 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62547-4 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00138.x
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SubjectTerms	Arthropoda arthropods Biodiversity Biological diversity Cambisols Climatic conditions climatic factors Decomposing organic matter Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Flora forests Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Humus Iran Life cycles Macrofauna Microbial activity organic horizons Soil Biology Soil dynamics Soil fauna Soil microbiology Soil organic matter Soils taxonomic keys
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Title	Variation in soil macro-fauna diversity in seven humus orders of a Parrotio-Carpinetum forest association on Chromic Cambisols of Shast-klateh area in Iran
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