Experimental Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma—A Preclinical Perspective

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The actual therapeutic arsenal is narrow and poorly effective, rendering this disease a global health concern. Alt...

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Published inCancers Vol. 13; no. 15; p. 3651
Main Authors Blidisel, Alexandru, Marcovici, Iasmina, Coricovac, Dorina, Hut, Florin, Dehelean, Cristina Adriana, Cretu, Octavian Marius
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 21.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Animal models
Artificial intelligence
Computer applications
DNA methylation
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Kinases
Liver cancer
Molecular modelling
Mutation
Prediction models
Public health
Review
artificial intelligence algorithms
mouse models
3D tumor spheroids
organoids
organ-on-a-chip
in silico
machine learning
2D cell lines
hepatocellular carcinoma
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Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The actual therapeutic arsenal is narrow and poorly effective, rendering this disease a global health concern. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of understanding the pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutical approaches, several facets of human HCC remain undiscovered. A valuable and prompt approach to acquire further knowledge about the unrevealed aspects of HCC and novel therapeutic candidates is represented by the application of experimental models. Experimental models (in vivo and in vitro 2D and 3D models) are considered reliable tools to gather data for clinical usability. This review offers an overview of the currently available preclinical models frequently applied for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of initiation, development, and progression, as well as for the discovery of efficient treatments, highlighting the advantages and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, we also focus on the role played by computational studies (in silico models and artificial intelligence-based prediction models) as promising novel tools in liver cancer research.
AbstractList Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The actual therapeutic arsenal is narrow and poorly effective, rendering this disease a global health concern. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of understanding the pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutical approaches, several facets of human HCC remain undiscovered. A valuable and prompt approach to acquire further knowledge about the unrevealed aspects of HCC and novel therapeutic candidates is represented by the application of experimental models. Experimental models (in vivo and in vitro 2D and 3D models) are considered reliable tools to gather data for clinical usability. This review offers an overview of the currently available preclinical models frequently applied for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of initiation, development, and progression, as well as for the discovery of efficient treatments, highlighting the advantages and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, we also focus on the role played by computational studies (in silico models and artificial intelligence-based prediction models) as promising novel tools in liver cancer research.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The actual therapeutic arsenal is narrow and poorly effective, rendering this disease a global health concern. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of understanding the pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutical approaches, several facets of human HCC remain undiscovered. A valuable and prompt approach to acquire further knowledge about the unrevealed aspects of HCC and novel therapeutic candidates is represented by the application of experimental models. Experimental models (in vivo and in vitro 2D and 3D models) are considered reliable tools to gather data for clinical usability. This review offers an overview of the currently available preclinical models frequently applied for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of initiation, development, and progression, as well as for the discovery of efficient treatments, highlighting the advantages and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, we also focus on the role played by computational studies (in silico models and artificial intelligence-based prediction models) as promising novel tools in liver cancer research.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The actual therapeutic arsenal is narrow and poorly effective, rendering this disease a global health concern. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of understanding the pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutical approaches, several facets of human HCC remain undiscovered. A valuable and prompt approach to acquire further knowledge about the unrevealed aspects of HCC and novel therapeutic candidates is represented by the application of experimental models. Experimental models (in vivo and in vitro 2D and 3D models) are considered reliable tools to gather data for clinical usability. This review offers an overview of the currently available preclinical models frequently applied for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of initiation, development, and progression, as well as for the discovery of efficient treatments, highlighting the advantages and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, we also focus on the role played by computational studies (in silico models and artificial intelligence-based prediction models) as promising novel tools in liver cancer research.
Simple SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a broad molecular and genetic heterogeneity, which makes it a challenging subject in terms of the underlying mechanisms, response and resistance to treatment, and finding novel therapeutic options. Nowadays, new experimental models (3D in vitro models, in vivo mouse and non-mouse models, and computational studies) allow more detailed studies of hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and treatment. Here, we provide insights into the current preclinical models frequently applied for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma.AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The actual therapeutic arsenal is narrow and poorly effective, rendering this disease a global health concern. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of understanding the pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutical approaches, several facets of human HCC remain undiscovered. A valuable and prompt approach to acquire further knowledge about the unrevealed aspects of HCC and novel therapeutic candidates is represented by the application of experimental models. Experimental models (in vivo and in vitro 2D and 3D models) are considered reliable tools to gather data for clinical usability. This review offers an overview of the currently available preclinical models frequently applied for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of initiation, development, and progression, as well as for the discovery of efficient treatments, highlighting the advantages and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, we also focus on the role played by computational studies (in silico models and artificial intelligence-based prediction models) as promising novel tools in liver cancer research.
Author Hut, Florin
Marcovici, Iasmina
Coricovac, Dorina
Cretu, Octavian Marius
Blidisel, Alexandru
Dehelean, Cristina Adriana
AuthorAffiliation 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; iasmina.marcovici@umft.ro
1 Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; blidy@umft.ro (A.B.); florin.hut@umft.ro (F.H.); octavian.cretu@umft.ro (O.M.C.)
3 Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
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– name: 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; iasmina.marcovici@umft.ro
– name: 3 Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
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Keywords artificial intelligence algorithms
mouse models
3D tumor spheroids
organoids
organ-on-a-chip
in silico
machine learning
2D cell lines
hepatocellular carcinoma
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crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers13153651
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_cancers13153651
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PublicationDate 20210721
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-07-21
PublicationDate_xml – month: 7
  year: 2021
  text: 20210721
  day: 21
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Cancers
PublicationTitleAlternate Cancers (Basel)
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
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Snippet Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent form of primary liver carcinoma, is a heterogenous and complex tumor type with increased incidence, poor...
Simple SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a broad molecular and genetic heterogeneity, which makes it a challenging subject in terms of...
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SubjectTerms Animal models
Artificial intelligence
Computer applications
DNA methylation
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Kinases
Liver cancer
Molecular modelling
Mutation
Prediction models
Public health
Review
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Title Experimental Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma—A Preclinical Perspective
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359553
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Volume 13
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