Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: A millennial‐scale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites

Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales...

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Published inGlobal change biology Vol. 29; no. 17; pp. 4775 - 4792
Main Authors Sande, Masha T., Bush, Mark B., Åkesson, Christine M., Berrio, Juan Carlos, Correia Metrio, Alex, Flantua, Suzette G. A., Hooghiemstra, Henry, Maezumi, S. Yoshi, McMichael, Crystal N. H., Montoya, Encarni, Mosblech, Nicole A. S., Novaes Nascimento, Majoi, Peña‐Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Raczka, Marco F., Gosling, William D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.09.2023
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Abstract Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000 years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community‐mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community‐mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance‐adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress‐adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site‐specific analyses were largely in line with cross‐site analyses, except for varying site‐level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought‐ and disturbance‐adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands. How do tropical forests respond to climate change and disturbances? Here, we assess changes in functional trait composition across 10,000 years in Amazonian and Andean forests, using eight fossil pollen records and data on functional traits. Changes in temperature and disturbances had strongest effect, indicating that increased temperature and disturbances may cause a transition toward more drought‐ and disturbance‐adapted forests, and towards shorter forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands.
AbstractList Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000 years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community‐mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community‐mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance‐adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress‐adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site‐specific analyses were largely in line with cross‐site analyses, except for varying site‐level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought‐ and disturbance‐adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands.
Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000 years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community‐mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community‐mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance‐adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress‐adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site‐specific analyses were largely in line with cross‐site analyses, except for varying site‐level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought‐ and disturbance‐adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands. How do tropical forests respond to climate change and disturbances? Here, we assess changes in functional trait composition across 10,000 years in Amazonian and Andean forests, using eight fossil pollen records and data on functional traits. Changes in temperature and disturbances had strongest effect, indicating that increased temperature and disturbances may cause a transition toward more drought‐ and disturbance‐adapted forests, and towards shorter forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands.
Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000 years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community-mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community-mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance-adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress-adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site-specific analyses were largely in line with cross-site analyses, except for varying site-level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought- and disturbance-adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands.Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000 years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community-mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community-mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance-adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress-adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site-specific analyses were largely in line with cross-site analyses, except for varying site-level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought- and disturbance-adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands.
Author Maezumi, S. Yoshi
Novaes Nascimento, Majoi
Raczka, Marco F.
Gosling, William D.
Peña‐Claros, Marielos
McMichael, Crystal N. H.
Poorter, Lourens
Montoya, Encarni
Åkesson, Christine M.
Flantua, Suzette G. A.
Bush, Mark B.
Sande, Masha T.
Hooghiemstra, Henry
Berrio, Juan Carlos
Mosblech, Nicole A. S.
Correia Metrio, Alex
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Issue 17
Keywords Andes
El Niño
fossil pollen
functional traits
fire
tropical forest
Amazon
climate change
Language English
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2023 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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PublicationDate September 2023
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-09-01
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  year: 2023
  text: September 2023
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace England
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PublicationTitle Global change biology
PublicationTitleAlternate Glob Chang Biol
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Snippet Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple...
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SubjectTerms Abundance
adults
Amazon
Andes
Andes region
Body height
Charcoal
Climate
Climate change
Colonization
Composition
Deforestation
Disturbances
Drought
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
El Niño
fire
fire intensity
Fires
Forests
Fossil pollen
Fossils
functional traits
global change
Height
Leaf area
Leaves
Life cycle
Life cycles
Lowlands
Migratory species
palynology
Pollen
Precipitation
seed weight
Seeds
softwood
Taxa
Temperature
tropical forest
Tropical forests
Water availability
Water stress
Wood
wood density
Title Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: A millennial‐scale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fgcb.16818
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37337393
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2844053658
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2827922376
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2887611118
Volume 29
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