Evolutionary lability in floral ontogeny affects pollination biology in Trimezieae
Premise There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time. Meth...
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| Published in | American journal of botany Vol. 108; no. 5; pp. 828 - 843 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Botanical Society of America, Inc
01.05.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Premise
There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time.
Methods
We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types.
Results
All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals.
Conclusions
Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen‐collecting bees only. |
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| AbstractList | Premise There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time. Methods We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types. Results All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals. Conclusions Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen-collecting bees only. There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time.PREMISEThere is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time.We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types.METHODSWe examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types.All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals.RESULTSAll Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals.Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen-collecting bees only.CONCLUSIONSHeterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen-collecting bees only. Premise There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time. Methods We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types. Results All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals. Conclusions Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen‐collecting bees only. There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of Trimezieae (Iridaceae) to investigate how changes in floral ontogeny may affect their interactions with pollinators through time. We examined floral ontogeny in 11 species and documented pollination biology in five species displaying a wide range of floral morphologies. We coded and reconstructed ancestral states of flower types over the tribal phylogeny to estimate the frequency of transition between different floral types. All Trimezieae flowers are similar in early floral development, but ornamented flowers have additional ontogenetic steps compared with plain flowers, indicating heterochrony. Ornamented flowers have a hinge pollination mechanism (newly described here) and attract more pollinator guilds, while plain flowers offer less variety of resources for a shorter time. Although the ornamented condition is plesiomorphic in this clade, shifts to plain flowers have occurred frequently and abruptly during the past 5 million years, with some subsequent reversals. Heterochrony has resulted in labile morphological changes during flower evolution in Trimezieae. Counterintuitively, species with plain flowers, which are endemic to the campo rupestre, are derived within the tribe and show a higher specialization than the ornamented species, with the former being visited by pollen-collecting bees only. |
| Author | Aguiar, Antônio J. C. Lovo, Juliana Prenner, Gerhard Mello‐Silva, Renato Sajo, Maria das Graças Alcantara, Suzana Vasconcelos, Thais N. C. Rudall, Paula J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juliana orcidid: 0000-0002-4506-6316 surname: Lovo fullname: Lovo, Juliana email: lovo.juliana@gmail.com organization: Universidade de São Paulo – sequence: 2 givenname: Suzana orcidid: 0000-0001-9666-460X surname: Alcantara fullname: Alcantara, Suzana email: suzanaalcantara@gmail.com organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – sequence: 3 givenname: Thais N. C. orcidid: 0000-0001-9991-7924 surname: Vasconcelos fullname: Vasconcelos, Thais N. C. organization: University of Arkansas – sequence: 4 givenname: Maria das Graças surname: Sajo fullname: Sajo, Maria das Graças organization: Universidade Estadual Paulista – sequence: 5 givenname: Paula J. orcidid: 0000-0002-4816-1212 surname: Rudall fullname: Rudall, Paula J. organization: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – sequence: 6 givenname: Gerhard surname: Prenner fullname: Prenner, Gerhard organization: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – sequence: 7 givenname: Antônio J. C. orcidid: 0000-0002-1319-6431 surname: Aguiar fullname: Aguiar, Antônio J. C. organization: Universidade de Brasília – sequence: 8 givenname: Renato orcidid: 0000-0002-5895-489X surname: Mello‐Silva fullname: Mello‐Silva, Renato organization: Universidade de São Paulo |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1093_botlinnean_boab093 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micron_2022_103288 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajb2_16127 |
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| Keywords | flower evolution bee pollination Trimezia nectar campo rupestre floral biology heterochrony oil flower paedomorphosis floral traits |
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There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented... There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented flowers of... Premise There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented... PREMISE: There is little direct evidence linking floral development and pollination biology in plants. We characterize both aspects in plain and ornamented... |
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| SubjectTerms | bee pollination Biology Cactus campo rupestre floral biology floral traits flower evolution flowering Flowers Guilds heterochrony Iridaceae Lability Morphology nectar oil flower Ontogeny Ornamental plants paedomorphosis Phylogeny Plant reproduction Plants (botany) Pollen Pollination Pollinators Species Trimezia |
| Title | Evolutionary lability in floral ontogeny affects pollination biology in Trimezieae |
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