Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity

Summary Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory,...

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Published inThe New phytologist Vol. 233; no. 1; pp. 84 - 118
Main Authors Khoury, Colin K., Brush, Stephen, Costich, Denise E., Curry, Helen Anne, Haan, Stef, Engels, Johannes M. M., Guarino, Luigi, Hoban, Sean, Mercer, Kristin L., Miller, Allison J., Nabhan, Gary P., Perales, Hugo R., Richards, Chris, Riggins, Chance, Thormann, Imke
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2022
Subjects
Agriculture
agrobiodiversity
analytical methods
biodiversity conservation
Conservation
Conservation of Natural Resources
Crop diversification
crop diversity
crop landraces
crop wild relatives
Crops
Crops, Agricultural - genetics
Cultivars
diachronic diversity
Ecosystem
Farms
food security
Genetic diversity
genetic erosion
Genetic resources
landraces
plant genetic resources
Wild type
crop landraces
crop diversity
agrobiodiversity
crop wild relatives
food security
biodiversity conservation
diachronic diversity
plant genetic resources
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Abstract Summary Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
AbstractList Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
Summary Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
Author Hoban, Sean
Thormann, Imke
Richards, Chris
Khoury, Colin K.
Haan, Stef
Miller, Allison J.
Guarino, Luigi
Costich, Denise E.
Engels, Johannes M. M.
Perales, Hugo R.
Nabhan, Gary P.
Brush, Stephen
Mercer, Kristin L.
Riggins, Chance
Curry, Helen Anne
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Colin K.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7893-5744
  surname: Khoury
  fullname: Khoury, Colin K.
  email: c.khoury@cgiar.org
  organization: San Diego Botanic Garden
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Stephen
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0412-4030
  surname: Brush
  fullname: Brush, Stephen
  organization: University of California Davis
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Denise E.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5894-611X
  surname: Costich
  fullname: Costich, Denise E.
  organization: Carretera México‐Veracruz
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Helen Anne
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9474-1528
  surname: Curry
  fullname: Curry, Helen Anne
  organization: University of Cambridge
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Stef
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8690-1886
  surname: Haan
  fullname: Haan, Stef
  organization: International Potato Center (CIP)
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Johannes M. M.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6256-6518
  surname: Engels
  fullname: Engels, Johannes M. M.
  organization: Bioversity International
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Luigi
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1667-3851
  surname: Guarino
  fullname: Guarino, Luigi
  organization: Global Crop Diversity Trust
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Sean
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0348-8449
  surname: Hoban
  fullname: Hoban, Sean
  organization: The Center for Tree Science
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Kristin L.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4990-2227
  surname: Mercer
  fullname: Mercer, Kristin L.
  organization: The Ohio State University
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Allison J.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2722-9361
  surname: Miller
  fullname: Miller, Allison J.
  organization: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Gary P.
  surname: Nabhan
  fullname: Nabhan, Gary P.
  organization: University of Arizona
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Hugo R.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3431-5759
  surname: Perales
  fullname: Perales, Hugo R.
  organization: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Chris
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9978-6079
  surname: Richards
  fullname: Richards, Chris
  organization: Agricultural Research Service
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Chance
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1926-022X
  surname: Riggins
  fullname: Riggins, Chance
  organization: University of Illinois
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Imke
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2703-9805
  surname: Thormann
  fullname: Thormann, Imke
  organization: Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV)
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34515358$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords crop landraces
crop diversity
agrobiodiversity
crop wild relatives
food security
biodiversity conservation
diachronic diversity
plant genetic resources
Language English
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Snippet Summary Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is...
Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore...
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SubjectTerms Agriculture
agrobiodiversity
analytical methods
biodiversity conservation
Conservation
Conservation of Natural Resources
Crop diversification
crop diversity
crop landraces
crop wild relatives
Crops
Crops, Agricultural - genetics
Cultivars
diachronic diversity
Ecosystem
Farms
food security
Genetic diversity
genetic erosion
Genetic resources
landraces
plant genetic resources
Wild type
Title Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fnph.17733
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34515358
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2605242187
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2572214244
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2636630889
Volume 233
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