Astaxanthin: A super antioxidant from microalgae and its therapeutic potential

Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one‐stage proce...

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Published inJournal of basic microbiology Vol. 62; no. 9; pp. 1064 - 1082
Main Authors Kumar, Satish, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumari, Anju, Panwar, Anil
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.09.2022
Subjects
antioxidant activity
antioxidants
aquaculture
astaxanthin
bioavailability
biological activities
biorefining process
cardiovascular diseases
cosmetics
cultivation system
disease prevention
drugs
feed supplements
food colorants
Haematococcus pluvialis
ingredients
microalgae
microbiology
poultry
production technology
therapeutics
world markets
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0233-111X
1521-4028
1521-4028
DOI10.1002/jobm.202100391

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Abstract Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one‐stage process or two‐stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free‐radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high‐valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long‐term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
AbstractList Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one-stage process or two-stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free-radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high-valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long-term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one-stage process or two-stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free-radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high-valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long-term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one‐stage process or two‐stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free‐radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high‐valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long‐term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one‐stage process or two‐stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free‐radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high‐valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long‐term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
Author Kumari, Anju
Kumar, Satish
Kumar, Rakesh
Panwar, Anil
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  fullname: Panwar, Anil
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2016; 34
2005; 68
2020; 19
2020; 18
2020; 297
2000; 12
2004; 39
2011; 64
2021; 271
2014; 13
2009; 483
2014; 12
2018; 36
2017; 61
2015; 59
2019; 9
2019; 33
2019; 506
1997
2009; 295
2016; 18
2001; 23
2007; 98
2018; 20
2016; 14
2018; 27
2014; 434
1999
2016; 7
2012; 197
2021; 53
2020; 2020
2021; 530
2019; 47
2020; 314
2016; 21
2020; 156
2021; 61
1938; 71
2012; 114
2016; 28
2018; 10
2001; 36
2018; 16
2003; 20
2018; 14
2016; 22
2004; 66
2017; 6
2017; 8
2010; 58
2017; 4
2019; 53
2005; 135
1994; 22
2016; 75
2020; 244
2017; 197
2020; 520
2008; 4
2012; 59
2005; 28
2012; 51
2014; 64
2014; 1
2020; 8
2015; 45
2017; 31
2021; 750
2000
2013; 12
2003; 6
2019; 67
2018; 136
2019; 512
2011; 22
2020; 46
2016; 236
2020; 43
2014; 163
2001; 13
2011; 29
1994; 30
2021; 9
2015; 13
2021; 7
2021; 87
1991; 38
2015; 3
2015; 201
2006; 16
2015; 11
1981; 69
2009
2008
2016; 52
2006; 19
2016; 51
2018; 62
2003
2019; 141
2015; 8
2012; 75
2021; 14
2015; 23
2017; 91
2017; 15
2017; 17
2013; 35
2020
2017; 99
2017; 10
2002; 21
2015; 21
2017; 12
2019
1994; 58
2018
2017
2016; 132
2016
2020; 68
2015
2013
2009; 1
2017; 225
2005; 1740
2012; 8
2020; 518
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Snippet Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in...
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SubjectTerms antioxidant activity
antioxidants
aquaculture
astaxanthin
bioavailability
biological activities
biorefining process
cardiovascular diseases
cosmetics
cultivation system
disease prevention
drugs
feed supplements
food colorants
Haematococcus pluvialis
ingredients
microalgae
microbiology
poultry
production technology
therapeutics
world markets
Title Astaxanthin: A super antioxidant from microalgae and its therapeutic potential
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjobm.202100391
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Volume 62
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