VSV-Based Vaccines Reduce Virus Shedding and Viral Load in Hamsters Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

The continued progression of the COVID-19 pandemic can partly be attributed to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate and introduce new viral variants. Some of these variants with the potential to spread quickly and conquer the globe are termed variants of concern (VOC). The existing vaccines implement...

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Published inVaccines (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 3; p. 435
Main Authors O'Donnell, Kyle L, Gourdine, Tylisha, Fletcher, Paige, Shifflett, Kyle, Furuyama, Wakako, Clancy, Chad S, Marzi, Andrea
Format Journal Article
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Published Switzerland MDPI AG 12.03.2022
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Abstract The continued progression of the COVID-19 pandemic can partly be attributed to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate and introduce new viral variants. Some of these variants with the potential to spread quickly and conquer the globe are termed variants of concern (VOC). The existing vaccines implemented on a global scale are based on the ancestral strain, which has resulted in increased numbers of breakthrough infections as these VOC have emerged. It is imperative to show protection against VOC infection with newly developed vaccines. Previously, we evaluated two vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccines expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone (VSV-SARS2) or in combination with the Ebola virus glycoprotein (VSV-SARS2-EBOV) and demonstrated their fast-acting potential. Here, we prolonged the time to challenge; we vaccinated hamsters intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly 28 days prior to infection with three SARS-CoV-2 VOC-the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. IN vaccination with either the VSV-SARS2 or VSV-SARS2-EBOV resulted in the highest protective efficacy as demonstrated by decreased virus shedding and lung viral load of vaccinated hamsters. Histopathologic analysis of the lungs revealed the least amount of lung damage in the IN-vaccinated animals regardless of the challenge virus. This data demonstrates the ability of a VSV-based vaccine to not only protect from disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 VOC but also reduce viral shedding.
AbstractList The continued progression of the COVID-19 pandemic can partly be attributed to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate and introduce new viral variants. Some of these variants with the potential to spread quickly and conquer the globe are termed variants of concern (VOC). The existing vaccines implemented on a global scale are based on the ancestral strain, which has resulted in increased numbers of breakthrough infections as these VOC have emerged. It is imperative to show protection against VOC infection with newly developed vaccines. Previously, we evaluated two vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccines expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone (VSV-SARS2) or in combination with the Ebola virus glycoprotein (VSV-SARS2-EBOV) and demonstrated their fast-acting potential. Here, we prolonged the time to challenge; we vaccinated hamsters intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly 28 days prior to infection with three SARS-CoV-2 VOC-the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. IN vaccination with either the VSV-SARS2 or VSV-SARS2-EBOV resulted in the highest protective efficacy as demonstrated by decreased virus shedding and lung viral load of vaccinated hamsters. Histopathologic analysis of the lungs revealed the least amount of lung damage in the IN-vaccinated animals regardless of the challenge virus. This data demonstrates the ability of a VSV-based vaccine to not only protect from disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 VOC but also reduce viral shedding.
Author Fletcher, Paige
Clancy, Chad S
Gourdine, Tylisha
O'Donnell, Kyle L
Shifflett, Kyle
Furuyama, Wakako
Marzi, Andrea
AuthorAffiliation 1 Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA tylisha.gourdine@nih.gov (T.G.); paige.fletcher@nih.gov (P.F.); fish.shifflett@gmail.com (K.S.); wfuruyama@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (W.F.)
2 Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; chad.clancy@nih.gov
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA tylisha.gourdine@nih.gov (T.G.); paige.fletcher@nih.gov (P.F.); fish.shifflett@gmail.com (K.S.); wfuruyama@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (W.F.)
– name: 2 Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; chad.clancy@nih.gov
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Keywords COVID-19
intranasal vaccination
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
vesicular stomatitis virus
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Snippet The continued progression of the COVID-19 pandemic can partly be attributed to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate and introduce new viral variants. Some of...
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SubjectTerms Animal welfare
Cloning
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Glycoproteins
Hamsters
Infections
intranasal vaccination
Laboratory animals
Lungs
Medical laboratories
Mutation
Pandemics
Proteins
Public health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike protein
Stomatitis
Vaccines
Vectors (Biology)
vesicular stomatitis virus
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Title VSV-Based Vaccines Reduce Virus Shedding and Viral Load in Hamsters Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
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