Social norms, diffusion, and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal: Impact assessment of a social and behavior Change communication intervention (Change Starts at home)
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social norms is key to IPV prevention, successful IPV interventions that include a norms approach are limited in number and methodological rigor and rar...
Saved in:
Published in | SSM - population health Vol. 25; p. 101583 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2024
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social norms is key to IPV prevention, successful IPV interventions that include a norms approach are limited in number and methodological rigor and rarely include a formal investigation of the diffusion of intervention impact. We contribute novel findings to this intellectual and programmatic space with evidence on a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention (Change Starts at Home) in Nepal designed to prevent IPV and shift social norms towards greater gender equity.
Participants included 442 married women across 13 communities assessed at three timepoints: before intervention (baseline), at the completion of the core couple's curriculum and edutainment (midline), and at the conclusion of the diffusion curriculum (endline). Generalized estimating equations with propensity-score adjustments were used to determine change in outcomes at midline and endline for two intervention conditions (direct beneficiary, N = 173; and resident of the intervention community, (N = 178) relative to control (N = 91).
IPV victimization significantly decreased in both intervention conditions at midline, with larger reductions in direct beneficiaries. At endline, direct beneficiaries had sustained reduction in IPV relative to control participants. Positive injunctive norms also significantly improved by midline for both intervention groups, whereas improvements in descriptive norms for intervention groups were matched by improvements in the control group at both midline and endline. Several secondary outcomes showed significant improvements for both intervention groups at midline and/or endline, including in-law violence, financial decision-making, communication, and relationship quality, with additional improvements for the direct beneficiaries in attitudes, leadership, GBV advocacy, and diffusion.
This study sheds light on the effectiveness of the Change intervention, the role of addressing social norms in IPV prevention efforts, and the benefits of organized diffusion.
•This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Change intervention to prevent IPV.•The diffusion intervention extended impact beyond those most intensively exposed.•The intervention spurred community-organizing to sustain the programming.•The diffusion curriculum can be adapted to other pressing social and health needs. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social norms is key to IPV prevention, successful IPV interventions that include a norms approach are limited in number and methodological rigor and rarely include a formal investigation of the diffusion of intervention impact. We contribute novel findings to this intellectual and programmatic space with evidence on a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention (Change Starts at Home) in Nepal designed to prevent IPV and shift social norms towards greater gender equity.
Participants included 442 married women across 13 communities assessed at three timepoints: before intervention (baseline), at the completion of the core couple's curriculum and edutainment (midline), and at the conclusion of the diffusion curriculum (endline). Generalized estimating equations with propensity-score adjustments were used to determine change in outcomes at midline and endline for two intervention conditions (direct beneficiary, N = 173; and resident of the intervention community, (N = 178) relative to control (N = 91).
IPV victimization significantly decreased in both intervention conditions at midline, with larger reductions in direct beneficiaries. At endline, direct beneficiaries had sustained reduction in IPV relative to control participants. Positive injunctive norms also significantly improved by midline for both intervention groups, whereas improvements in descriptive norms for intervention groups were matched by improvements in the control group at both midline and endline. Several secondary outcomes showed significant improvements for both intervention groups at midline and/or endline, including in-law violence, financial decision-making, communication, and relationship quality, with additional improvements for the direct beneficiaries in attitudes, leadership, GBV advocacy, and diffusion.
This study sheds light on the effectiveness of the Change intervention, the role of addressing social norms in IPV prevention efforts, and the benefits of organized diffusion.
•This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Change intervention to prevent IPV.•The diffusion intervention extended impact beyond those most intensively exposed.•The intervention spurred community-organizing to sustain the programming.•The diffusion curriculum can be adapted to other pressing social and health needs. IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social norms is key to IPV prevention, successful IPV interventions that include a norms approach are limited in number and methodological rigor and rarely include a formal investigation of the diffusion of intervention impact. We contribute novel findings to this intellectual and programmatic space with evidence on a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention (Change Starts at Home) in Nepal designed to prevent IPV and shift social norms towards greater gender equity.MethodsParticipants included 442 married women across 13 communities assessed at three timepoints: before intervention (baseline), at the completion of the core couple's curriculum and edutainment (midline), and at the conclusion of the diffusion curriculum (endline). Generalized estimating equations with propensity-score adjustments were used to determine change in outcomes at midline and endline for two intervention conditions (direct beneficiary, N = 173; and resident of the intervention community, (N = 178) relative to control (N = 91).ResultsIPV victimization significantly decreased in both intervention conditions at midline, with larger reductions in direct beneficiaries. At endline, direct beneficiaries had sustained reduction in IPV relative to control participants. Positive injunctive norms also significantly improved by midline for both intervention groups, whereas improvements in descriptive norms for intervention groups were matched by improvements in the control group at both midline and endline. Several secondary outcomes showed significant improvements for both intervention groups at midline and/or endline, including in-law violence, financial decision-making, communication, and relationship quality, with additional improvements for the direct beneficiaries in attitudes, leadership, GBV advocacy, and diffusion.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the effectiveness of the Change intervention, the role of addressing social norms in IPV prevention efforts, and the benefits of organized diffusion. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social norms is key to IPV prevention, successful IPV interventions that include a norms approach are limited in number and methodological rigor and rarely include a formal investigation of the diffusion of intervention impact. We contribute novel findings to this intellectual and programmatic space with evidence on a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention (Change Starts at Home) in Nepal designed to prevent IPV and shift social norms towards greater gender equity. Participants included 442 married women across 13 communities assessed at three timepoints: before intervention (baseline), at the completion of the core couple's curriculum and edutainment (midline), and at the conclusion of the diffusion curriculum (endline). Generalized estimating equations with propensity-score adjustments were used to determine change in outcomes at midline and endline for two intervention conditions (direct beneficiary, = 173; and resident of the intervention community, ( = 178) relative to control ( = 91). IPV victimization significantly decreased in both intervention conditions at midline, with larger reductions in direct beneficiaries. At endline, direct beneficiaries had sustained reduction in IPV relative to control participants. Positive injunctive norms also significantly improved by midline for both intervention groups, whereas improvements in descriptive norms for intervention groups were matched by improvements in the control group at both midline and endline. Several secondary outcomes showed significant improvements for both intervention groups at midline and/or endline, including in-law violence, financial decision-making, communication, and relationship quality, with additional improvements for the direct beneficiaries in attitudes, leadership, GBV advocacy, and diffusion. This study sheds light on the effectiveness of the Change intervention, the role of addressing social norms in IPV prevention efforts, and the benefits of organized diffusion. Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social norms is key to IPV prevention, successful IPV interventions that include a norms approach are limited in number and methodological rigor and rarely include a formal investigation of the diffusion of intervention impact. We contribute novel findings to this intellectual and programmatic space with evidence on a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention (Change Starts at Home) in Nepal designed to prevent IPV and shift social norms towards greater gender equity. Methods: Participants included 442 married women across 13 communities assessed at three timepoints: before intervention (baseline), at the completion of the core couple's curriculum and edutainment (midline), and at the conclusion of the diffusion curriculum (endline). Generalized estimating equations with propensity-score adjustments were used to determine change in outcomes at midline and endline for two intervention conditions (direct beneficiary, N = 173; and resident of the intervention community, (N = 178) relative to control (N = 91). Results: IPV victimization significantly decreased in both intervention conditions at midline, with larger reductions in direct beneficiaries. At endline, direct beneficiaries had sustained reduction in IPV relative to control participants. Positive injunctive norms also significantly improved by midline for both intervention groups, whereas improvements in descriptive norms for intervention groups were matched by improvements in the control group at both midline and endline. Several secondary outcomes showed significant improvements for both intervention groups at midline and/or endline, including in-law violence, financial decision-making, communication, and relationship quality, with additional improvements for the direct beneficiaries in attitudes, leadership, GBV advocacy, and diffusion. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the effectiveness of the Change intervention, the role of addressing social norms in IPV prevention efforts, and the benefits of organized diffusion. |
ArticleNumber | 101583 |
Author | Lad, Arti Subedi, Soham Baker, Holly Hadd, Alexandria Ree Ferguson, Gemma Tomar, Shweta Clark, Cari Jo Shervinskie, Abbie Shrestha, Binita |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Cari Jo orcidid: 0000-0002-9959-5221 surname: Clark fullname: Clark, Cari Jo email: cari.j.clark@emory.edu organization: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, R Randall Rollins Building 628, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Gemma surname: Ferguson fullname: Ferguson, Gemma organization: Independent, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Soham surname: Subedi fullname: Subedi, Soham organization: Equal Access International, Kathmandu, Nepal – sequence: 4 givenname: Arti surname: Lad fullname: Lad, Arti organization: Equal Access International, Washington DC, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Alexandria Ree surname: Hadd fullname: Hadd, Alexandria Ree organization: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Binita surname: Shrestha fullname: Shrestha, Binita organization: Country Representative, Equal Access International, Kathmandu, Nepal – sequence: 7 givenname: Abbie surname: Shervinskie fullname: Shervinskie, Abbie organization: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Shweta surname: Tomar fullname: Tomar, Shweta organization: Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego, CA, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Holly surname: Baker fullname: Baker, Holly organization: Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38222673$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNp9UcluFDEQbaEgEkK-AAn5RpAyg5dekTigEUukCA6Bs1V2lzMeuu3G9gziw_g_3Okh4sTJdvktVfWeFifOOyyK54yuGWX16906xnHarjnlYq5UrXhUnHFR8VXLG3Hyz_20uIhxR2mmVYyJ-klxKlrOed2Is-L3rdcWBuJ8GOMV6a0x-2i9uyLgevLTj-heRhJs_E68IdYlO0JCMkFIDgM5WD-g05h_yGecYHhDrscJdCIQI-YW0aWZCCQuPrOqwi1kYiCbLbg7JNqP495ZDSkbzx4YDpk3Py6PkNuUDSOBRLa5pVfPiscGhogXx_O8-Pbh_dfNp9XNl4_Xm3c3K11ymlZKQ2kUUqV6VAzzRpB3dUONgJa3nWlLVqFGVupONaZiRjQZKlRfdxQ4bcR5cb3o9h52cgp5-PBLerDyvuDDncx9WT2g5A2WRtMKQbGyK0vgIru0tBXAa6ZM1rpctKbgf-wxJjnaqHEYwKHfR8k7VvKqrJs2Q8UC1cHHGNA8WDMq5_jlTt7HL-f45RJ_Zr04GuzViP0D52_YGfB2AWBe2cFikFHbOb3eBtQpz2T_a_AHURPGVw |
Cites_doi | 10.1002/sim.6185 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.017 10.1177/097325861000400304 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181c1328f 10.1186/s12889-015-2460-4 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.007 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002439 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x 10.1177/1097184X06298778 10.1080/07481756.2007.11909807 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61683-4 10.1186/s12905-019-0715-4 10.1186/s12905-022-01724-y 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.001 10.1002/jcop.20456 10.1186/s13031-021-00417-x |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2023 The Authors 2023 The Authors. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2023 The Authors – notice: 2023 The Authors. |
DBID | 6I. AAFTH NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 DOA |
DOI | 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583 |
DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
EISSN | 2352-8273 |
EndPage | 101583 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_27e4fc05eab14944a233a88083a261bf 10_1016_j_ssmph_2023_101583 38222673 S2352827323002483 |
Genre | Journal Article |
GroupedDBID | 0R~ 0SF 457 53G 5VS 6I. AACTN AAEDW AAFTH AALRI AAXUO ABMAC ACGFS ADBBV ADEZE AEXQZ AFTJW AGHFR AITUG ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ AOIJS BCNDV EBS EJD FDB GROUPED_DOAJ HYE IPNFZ KQ8 M~E NCXOZ O9- OK1 RIG ROL RPM SSZ ADVLN AFJKZ NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-bca4fbe0bbdeb1e235e29670f3a8289f8415ece14c9b7f51f37bbd3bd690a2073 |
IEDL.DBID | DOA |
ISSN | 2352-8273 |
IngestDate | Fri Oct 04 13:00:42 EDT 2024 Thu Jul 25 08:41:36 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 26 16:31:40 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 18 08:53:33 EDT 2024 Sat May 04 15:44:58 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Keywords | Prevention Partner violence Quasi-experiment Gender norms Social and behavior change communication Diffusion Social norms |
Language | English |
License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. 2023 The Authors. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c420t-bca4fbe0bbdeb1e235e29670f3a8289f8415ece14c9b7f51f37bbd3bd690a2073 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-9959-5221 |
OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/27e4fc05eab14944a233a88083a261bf |
PMID | 38222673 |
PQID | 2914254678 |
PQPubID | 23479 |
PageCount | 1 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_27e4fc05eab14944a233a88083a261bf proquest_miscellaneous_2914254678 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssmph_2023_101583 pubmed_primary_38222673 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ssmph_2023_101583 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | March 2024 2024-Mar 2024-03-00 20240301 2024-03-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-03-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2024 text: March 2024 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | England |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
PublicationTitle | SSM - population health |
PublicationTitleAlternate | SSM Popul Health |
PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
References | Clark, Ferguson, Shrestha, Shrestha, Batayeh, Bergenfeld (bib2) 2019; 19 Spangaro, Toole-Anstey, MacPhail, Rambaldini-Gooding, Keevers, Garcia-Moreno (bib22) 2021; 15 (bib32) 2021 The Equality Institute (no date). Piecing together the evidence on social norms and violence against women. Melbourn, The Equality Institute. Nwokolo, Shrestha, Ferguson, Shrestha, Clark (bib14) 2020; 1 (bib12) 2023 (bib27) 2020 Leyrat, Caille, Donner, Giraudeau (bib9) 2014; 33 Lopez, Morua, Rice (bib10) 2007; 40 Papa, Singhal (bib15) 2009; 4 Pulerwitz, Barker (bib17) 2008; 10 (bib31) 2005 Spreeuwenberg, Bartak, Croon, Hagenaars, Busschbach, Andrea (bib23) 2010 Ghimire, Samuels (bib6) 2017 Samuels, Jones, Gupta (bib18) 2017 (bib28) 2015 Nanda, Gautam, Verma, Thu Hong, Giang Linh, Puri (bib13) 2012; Vol. 98 Shakya, Perkins, Traeger, Tsai, Bangsberg, Kakuhikire (bib20) 2018; 4 Tomar, Johns, Challa, Brooks, Aliou, Abdoul-Moumouni (bib25) 2021; 69 Bourey, Williams, Bernstein, Stephenson (bib1) 2015; 15 Shakya, Cislaghi, Fleming, Levtov, Boyce, Raj (bib19) 2022; 22 Ernst (bib5) 2005; 97 Clark, Ferguson, Shrestha, Shrestha, Oakes, Gupta (bib3) 2018; 202 Dunkle, Stern, Chatterji, Heise (bib4) 2020; 5 Sharma (bib21) 2007 (bib26) 2014 Lapinski, Rimal (bib8) 2005; 15 Jewkes, Flood, Lang (bib7) 2015; 385 Peterson, Peterson, Agre, Christens, Morton (bib16) 2011; 39 (bib29) 2015; 1.0 Mackie, Shakya, Denny (bib11) 2015 (bib30) 2001 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib12) 2023 Papa (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib15) 2009; 4 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib28) 2015 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib32) 2021 Sharma (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib21) 2007 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib30) 2001 Lapinski (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib8) 2005; 15 Jewkes (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib7) 2015; 385 Shakya (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib19) 2022; 22 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib29) 2015; 1.0 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib26) 2014 Clark (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib2) 2019; 19 Lopez (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib10) 2007; 40 Spangaro (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib22) 2021; 15 Peterson (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib16) 2011; 39 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib27) 2020 Nanda (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib13) 2012; Vol. 98 Tomar (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib25) 2021; 69 Bourey (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib1) 2015; 15 Pulerwitz (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib17) 2008; 10 Dunkle (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib4) 2020; 5 Shakya (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib20) 2018; 4 Ghimire (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib6) 2017 Mackie (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib11) 2015 Nwokolo (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib14) 2020; 1 Samuels (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib18) 2017 Spreeuwenberg (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib23) 2010 (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib31) 2005 Ernst (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib5) 2005; 97 Clark (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib3) 2018; 202 Leyrat (10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib9) 2014; 33 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib24 |
References_xml | – year: 2014 ident: bib26 article-title: Nepali Masculinities and gender-based violence – volume: Vol. 98 year: 2012 ident: bib13 publication-title: Study on gender, masculinity and son preference in Nepal and Viet Nam contributor: fullname: Puri – volume: 385 start-page: 1580 year: 2015 end-page: 1589 ident: bib7 article-title: From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: A conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: Lang – year: 2001 ident: bib30 article-title: Putting women first: Ethical and safety Recommendations for research on domestic violence against women – year: 2017 ident: bib18 article-title: Tackling intimate partner violence in South Asia: Why working with men and boys matters for women contributor: fullname: Gupta – volume: 10 start-page: 322 year: 2008 end-page: 338 ident: bib17 article-title: " Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale." publication-title: Men and Masculinities contributor: fullname: Barker – volume: 202 start-page: 162 year: 2018 end-page: 169 ident: bib3 article-title: Social norms and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal publication-title: Social Science & Medicine contributor: fullname: Gupta – volume: 4 start-page: 236 year: 2018 end-page: 243 ident: bib20 article-title: Social network correlates of IPV acceptance in rural Honduras and rural Uganda publication-title: SSM-Population Health contributor: fullname: Kakuhikire – start-page: 166 year: 2010 end-page: 174 ident: bib23 article-title: The multiple propensity score as control for bias in the comparison of more than two treatment arms: An introduction from a case study in mental health publication-title: Medical care contributor: fullname: Andrea – volume: 69 start-page: S74 year: 2021 end-page: S80 ident: bib25 article-title: Associations of age at marriage with marital decision-making agency among adolescent Wives in rural Niger publication-title: Journal of Adolescent Health contributor: fullname: Abdoul-Moumouni – volume: 40 start-page: 80 year: 2007 end-page: 96 ident: bib10 article-title: Factor Structure, Stability, and predictive Validity of College Students' relationship self-Efficacy beliefs publication-title: Measurement and Evaluatian In Counseling and Development contributor: fullname: Rice – year: 2021 ident: bib32 article-title: Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women – volume: 15 start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 19 ident: bib22 article-title: The impact of interventions to reduce risk and incidence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict states and other humanitarian crises in low and middle income countries: A systematic review publication-title: Conflict and Health contributor: fullname: Garcia-Moreno – volume: 15 start-page: 127 year: 2005 end-page: 147 ident: bib8 article-title: An Explication of social norms publication-title: Communication Theory contributor: fullname: Rimal – year: 2015 ident: bib28 article-title: Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development – year: 2005 ident: bib31 article-title: WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: Summary report of initial results onprevalence, health outcomes and women's responses – year: 2017 ident: bib6 article-title: Understanding intimate partner violence in Nepal: Prevalence, drivers and challenges contributor: fullname: Samuels – volume: 39 start-page: 392 year: 2011 end-page: 605 ident: bib16 article-title: Measuring youth empowerment: Validation of a sociopolitical control scale for youth in an urban community context publication-title: Journal of Community Psychology contributor: fullname: Morton – year: 2007 ident: bib21 article-title: Domestic violence in Nepali society: Root Cause and Consequences A research report publication-title: Kathmandu: Social Inclusion Research Fund (SRIF/SNV) contributor: fullname: Sharma – volume: 22 start-page: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 11 ident: bib19 article-title: Associations of attitudes and social norms with experiences of intimate partner violence among married adolescents and their husbands in rural Niger: A dyadic cross-sectional study publication-title: BMC Women's Health contributor: fullname: Raj – year: 2023 ident: bib12 article-title: Nepal demographic and health survey 2022. Kathmandu, Nepal – volume: 5 year: 2020 ident: bib4 article-title: Effective prevention of intimate partner violence through couples training: A randomised controlled trial of Indashyikirwa in Rwanda publication-title: BMJ Global Health contributor: fullname: Heise – volume: 1 start-page: 41 year: 2020 end-page: 66 ident: bib14 article-title: Contextual attributes of the family and community that encourage or hinder the practice of intimate partner violence in Nepal publication-title: South Asian Journal of Law, Policy, and Research contributor: fullname: Clark – volume: 1.0 year: 2015 ident: bib29 publication-title: Standard outcomes for assessment of intimate partner violence – volume: 15 start-page: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 18 ident: bib1 article-title: Systematic review of structural interventions for intimate partner violence in low-and middle-income countries: Organizing evidence for prevention publication-title: BMC Public Health contributor: fullname: Stephenson – year: 2015 ident: bib11 article-title: What are social norms? How are they measured? contributor: fullname: Denny – volume: 19 start-page: 20 year: 2019 ident: bib2 article-title: Mixed methods assessment of women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal publication-title: BMC Women's Health contributor: fullname: Bergenfeld – year: 2020 ident: bib27 article-title: Gender based violence prevention and response project (GBVPR)phase II: Programme Document – volume: 33 start-page: 3556 year: 2014 end-page: 3575 ident: bib9 article-title: Propensity score methods for estimating relative risks in cluster randomized trials with low‐incidence binary outcomes and selection bias publication-title: Statistics in Medicine contributor: fullname: Giraudeau – volume: 4 start-page: 185 year: 2009 end-page: 208 ident: bib15 article-title: How entertainment-education programmes promote dialogue in support of social change publication-title: Journal of Creative Communications contributor: fullname: Singhal – volume: 97 start-page: 846 year: 2005 ident: bib5 article-title: Speaking of health: Assessing health communication, strategies for diverse populations publication-title: Journal of the National Medical Association contributor: fullname: Ernst – year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib21 article-title: Domestic violence in Nepali society: Root Cause and Consequences A research report publication-title: Kathmandu: Social Inclusion Research Fund (SRIF/SNV) contributor: fullname: Sharma – volume: 33 start-page: 3556 issue: 20 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib9 article-title: Propensity score methods for estimating relative risks in cluster randomized trials with low‐incidence binary outcomes and selection bias publication-title: Statistics in Medicine doi: 10.1002/sim.6185 contributor: fullname: Leyrat – volume: 202 start-page: 162 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib3 article-title: Social norms and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal publication-title: Social Science & Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.017 contributor: fullname: Clark – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib18 contributor: fullname: Samuels – volume: 4 start-page: 185 issue: 3 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib15 article-title: How entertainment-education programmes promote dialogue in support of social change publication-title: Journal of Creative Communications doi: 10.1177/097325861000400304 contributor: fullname: Papa – start-page: 166 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib23 article-title: The multiple propensity score as control for bias in the comparison of more than two treatment arms: An introduction from a case study in mental health publication-title: Medical care doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181c1328f contributor: fullname: Spreeuwenberg – volume: 1.0 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib29 – volume: 15 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib1 article-title: Systematic review of structural interventions for intimate partner violence in low-and middle-income countries: Organizing evidence for prevention publication-title: BMC Public Health doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2460-4 contributor: fullname: Bourey – volume: 1 start-page: 41 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib14 article-title: Contextual attributes of the family and community that encourage or hinder the practice of intimate partner violence in Nepal publication-title: South Asian Journal of Law, Policy, and Research contributor: fullname: Nwokolo – volume: 69 start-page: S74 issue: 6 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib25 article-title: Associations of age at marriage with marital decision-making agency among adolescent Wives in rural Niger publication-title: Journal of Adolescent Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.007 contributor: fullname: Tomar – volume: 5 issue: 12 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib4 article-title: Effective prevention of intimate partner violence through couples training: A randomised controlled trial of Indashyikirwa in Rwanda publication-title: BMJ Global Health doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002439 contributor: fullname: Dunkle – volume: 15 start-page: 127 issue: 2 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib8 article-title: An Explication of social norms publication-title: Communication Theory doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x contributor: fullname: Lapinski – volume: Vol. 98 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib13 contributor: fullname: Nanda – volume: 10 start-page: 322 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib17 article-title: " Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale." publication-title: Men and Masculinities doi: 10.1177/1097184X06298778 contributor: fullname: Pulerwitz – volume: 40 start-page: 80 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib10 article-title: Factor Structure, Stability, and predictive Validity of College Students' relationship self-Efficacy beliefs publication-title: Measurement and Evaluatian In Counseling and Development doi: 10.1080/07481756.2007.11909807 contributor: fullname: Lopez – volume: 385 start-page: 1580 issue: 9977 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib7 article-title: From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: A conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61683-4 contributor: fullname: Jewkes – year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib30 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib32 – year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib31 – volume: 19 start-page: 20 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib2 article-title: Mixed methods assessment of women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal publication-title: BMC Women's Health doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0715-4 contributor: fullname: Clark – ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib24 – volume: 22 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib19 article-title: Associations of attitudes and social norms with experiences of intimate partner violence among married adolescents and their husbands in rural Niger: A dyadic cross-sectional study publication-title: BMC Women's Health doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01724-y contributor: fullname: Shakya – year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib27 – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib6 contributor: fullname: Ghimire – volume: 4 start-page: 236 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib20 article-title: Social network correlates of IPV acceptance in rural Honduras and rural Uganda publication-title: SSM-Population Health doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.001 contributor: fullname: Shakya – volume: 39 start-page: 392 issue: 5 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib16 article-title: Measuring youth empowerment: Validation of a sociopolitical control scale for youth in an urban community context publication-title: Journal of Community Psychology doi: 10.1002/jcop.20456 contributor: fullname: Peterson – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib11 contributor: fullname: Mackie – year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib26 – volume: 97 start-page: 846 issue: 6 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib5 article-title: Speaking of health: Assessing health communication, strategies for diverse populations publication-title: Journal of the National Medical Association contributor: fullname: Ernst – year: 2023 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib12 – volume: 15 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib22 article-title: The impact of interventions to reduce risk and incidence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict states and other humanitarian crises in low and middle income countries: A systematic review publication-title: Conflict and Health doi: 10.1186/s13031-021-00417-x contributor: fullname: Spangaro – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583_bib28 |
SSID | ssj0001651136 |
Score | 2.309551 |
Snippet | Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing social... IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that addressing... Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health, human rights, and development issue. While existing evidence posits that... |
SourceID | doaj proquest crossref pubmed elsevier |
SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 101583 |
SubjectTerms | Diffusion Gender norms Partner violence Prevention Quasi-experiment Social and behavior change communication Social norms |
Title | Social norms, diffusion, and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal: Impact assessment of a social and behavior Change communication intervention (Change Starts at home) |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101583 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38222673 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2914254678 https://doaj.org/article/27e4fc05eab14944a233a88083a261bf |
Volume | 25 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELaq9tILApXHAq2mUiVA2kASO3HCra2o2kpdLlRacbFsZywWoWy1yfLP-H8d28lqe6BcuCZOMsk39nzjzIOxkzxztpbaJDZDQw5KmHO1TWpbaOEk-dDS5w7fzMrLW3E9L-Zbrb58TFgsDxw_3KdconA2LVAbIvNC6JxzTUpXcU3k37iw-mbFljMVdlfKwjcrGcsMhYCurqPv89G3C_dHioo_MEWhYv8Di_Q3xhksz8VT9mSgjHAaRX3GdrA9YH9iXi20xDm7Kfg-J2u_8TUF3TYQ6iq868AHjsPSwaLtF0RNEe7ohVtcwe8h24jOwIws0q_PcBXyJUFvSnX6CzXETfVw1zGlH2JKAtjt5BL_jE30JLwfhhCXXfUd6B5-kEgfnrPbiy_fzi-ToQVDYkWe9omxhJjB1JiGFnXMeYF5XcrUEQbkqrmK7D9azIStjXRF5rikodw05HTrnJaPF2y3Xbb4igE6dKGgoW6EqAlOnmLqdFMRelagm7DpiIa6i5U21BiC9lMF8JQHT0XwJuzMI7YZ6stkhwOkPGpQHvUv5ZmwcsRbDYwjMgm61eLxpx-P2qFoPvqfLLrF5bpTeZ0J32NAVhP2MqrNRkbu2Vgp-ev_Ifsbtk8CiRgP95bt9qs1HhJB6s1RmAtHbG92Pv_6_R526BLg |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,870,2115,27955,27956 |
linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Social+norms%2C+diffusion%2C+and+women%27s+risk+of+intimate+partner+violence+in+Nepal%3A+Impact+assessment+of+a+social+and+behavior+Change+communication+intervention+%28Change+Starts+at+home%29&rft.jtitle=SSM+-+population+health&rft.au=Clark%2C+Cari+Jo&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Gemma&rft.au=Subedi%2C+Soham&rft.au=Lad%2C+Arti&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.issn=2352-8273&rft.eissn=2352-8273&rft.volume=25&rft.spage=101583&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ssmph.2023.101583&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_ssmph_2023_101583 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2352-8273&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2352-8273&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2352-8273&client=summon |