Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial augmented reality in smart manufacturing: a solution for manual working stations

Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology for the development of smart manufacturing. One of the main advantages of AR is that it can help workers to accomplish several tasks, making it possible the shift from mass production to mass customization. However, it is still not clear how these promises...

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Published in	International journal of advanced manufacturing technology Vol. 94; no. 1-4; pp. 509 - 521
Main Authors	Uva, Antonio E., Gattullo, Michele, Manghisi, Vito M., Spagnulo, Daniele, Cascella, Giuseppe L., Fiorentino, Michele
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Springer London 01.01.2018 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Augmented reality CAE) and Design Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD Engineering Error reduction Industrial and Production Engineering Industrial plants Manufacturing Mass production Mechanical Engineering Media Management Motorcycles Original Article Prototypes Stations Technical information Projection Industry 4.0 Maintenance Spatial augmented reality Technical instructions Assembly
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Abstract	Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology for the development of smart manufacturing. One of the main advantages of AR is that it can help workers to accomplish several tasks, making it possible the shift from mass production to mass customization. However, it is still not clear how these promises can be fulfilled in an industrial scenario. In particular, the question about which display solutions fit better the industrial constraints remains open. Based on the literature overview, laboratory experiments, and feedbacks from industrial companies, we supported the use of spatial augmented reality (SAR), designing a prototype intended to be used for manual working stations of the future smart factories. This work presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of conveying technical instructions with this SAR prototype as compared to paper manual. We run a within-subjects experiment with 16 participants to measure user task performance (completion times and error rates) and to collect subjective evaluation. We projected technical information on a motorbike engine during a seven-task maintenance procedure. Our results proved that SAR technology improves the operators’ performance with respect to a paper manual and that users well accept it. We found that SAR is more effective for difficult tasks than for simple ones and that the main advantage of SAR is related more to the reduction of error rates than to completion times. These results confirm the goodness of our design choices; then our prototype can be a valid candidate solution for a smart manufacturing application.
AbstractList	Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology for the development of smart manufacturing. One of the main advantages of AR is that it can help workers to accomplish several tasks, making it possible the shift from mass production to mass customization. However, it is still not clear how these promises can be fulfilled in an industrial scenario. In particular, the question about which display solutions fit better the industrial constraints remains open. Based on the literature overview, laboratory experiments, and feedbacks from industrial companies, we supported the use of spatial augmented reality (SAR), designing a prototype intended to be used for manual working stations of the future smart factories. This work presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of conveying technical instructions with this SAR prototype as compared to paper manual. We run a within-subjects experiment with 16 participants to measure user task performance (completion times and error rates) and to collect subjective evaluation. We projected technical information on a motorbike engine during a seven-task maintenance procedure. Our results proved that SAR technology improves the operators’ performance with respect to a paper manual and that users well accept it. We found that SAR is more effective for difficult tasks than for simple ones and that the main advantage of SAR is related more to the reduction of error rates than to completion times. These results confirm the goodness of our design choices; then our prototype can be a valid candidate solution for a smart manufacturing application.
Author	Gattullo, Michele Uva, Antonio E. Fiorentino, Michele Cascella, Giuseppe L. Manghisi, Vito M. Spagnulo, Daniele
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Antonio E. surname: Uva fullname: Uva, Antonio E. email: antonio.uva@poliba.it organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bari – sequence: 2 givenname: Michele surname: Gattullo fullname: Gattullo, Michele organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bari – sequence: 3 givenname: Vito M. surname: Manghisi fullname: Manghisi, Vito M. organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bari – sequence: 4 givenname: Daniele surname: Spagnulo fullname: Spagnulo, Daniele organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bari – sequence: 5 givenname: Giuseppe L. surname: Cascella fullname: Cascella, Giuseppe L. organization: Idea75 s.r.l – sequence: 6 givenname: Michele surname: Fiorentino fullname: Fiorentino, Michele organization: Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Bari
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Cites_doi	10.4324/9781315665177 10.1117/12.760960 10.2298/TSCI150927043T 10.20870/IJVR.2010.9.2.2767 10.1109/ISMAR.2010.5643530 10.1201/b10624 10.1145/1518701.1518724 10.1016/j.compind.2015.02.008 10.1007/s00170-016-9164-5 10.1016/j.compind.2013.11.004 10.1016/j.eswa.2016.07.006 10.1007/s40436-015-0131-4 10.1016/j.cirp.2012.05.010 10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745145
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Snippet	Augmented reality (AR) is a key technology for the development of smart manufacturing. One of the main advantages of AR is that it can help workers to...
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Title	Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial augmented reality in smart manufacturing: a solution for manual working stations
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