Inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation impairs stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six week...

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Published in	Fish & shellfish immunology Vol. 68; pp. 500 - 508
Main Authors	Pan, Han, Li, Ling-Yu, Li, Jia-Min, Wang, Wei-Li, Limbu, Samwel Mchele, Degrace, Pascal, Li, Dong-Liang, Du, Zhen-Yu
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2017 Elsevier
Subjects	Aeromonas hydrophila Aeromonas hydrophila - physiology Ammonia - metabolism ammonium nitrogen Animal Feed Animals beta oxidation carnitine Carnitine - metabolism Cichlids - metabolism cytokines Diet Dietary Supplements energy metabolism Fatty acid β-oxidation fatty acids Fatty Acids - metabolism fish Fish Diseases - immunology Fish Diseases - microbiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - immunology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - veterinary Immune function immune response Immunology inflammation l-carnitine Life Sciences liver mammals Methylhydrazines - pharmacology Mildronate mitochondria Mitochondria - drug effects Nile tilapia Nitrogen - metabolism Oreochromis niloticus Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects Random Allocation Stress resistance stress tolerance Stress, Physiological - drug effects survival rate Fatty acid β-oxidation Immune function Mildronate Nile tilapia l-carnitine Stress resistance
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Abstract	Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildronate supplemented diet had lower immune enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions, but had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions. However, the oxidative stress-related biochemical indexes were not significantly affected by mildronate treatment. Taken together, inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia mainly through inhibiting immune functions and triggering inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of lipid catabolism on stress resistance and immune functions in fish. •Limited carnitine synthesis inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation and impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia.•Inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired immune functions and triggered inflammation.•Lipid catabolism had regulatory effects on stress resistance and immune functions in fish.
AbstractList	Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildronate supplemented diet had lower immune enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions, but had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions. However, the oxidative stress-related biochemical indexes were not significantly affected by mildronate treatment. Taken together, inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia mainly through inhibiting immune functions and triggering inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of lipid catabolism on stress resistance and immune functions in fish.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildronate supplemented diet had lower immune enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions, but had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions. However, the oxidative stress-related biochemical indexes were not significantly affected by mildronate treatment. Taken together, inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia mainly through inhibiting immune functions and triggering inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of lipid catabolism on stress resistance and immune functions in fish.Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildronate supplemented diet had lower immune enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions, but had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions. However, the oxidative stress-related biochemical indexes were not significantly affected by mildronate treatment. Taken together, inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia mainly through inhibiting immune functions and triggering inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of lipid catabolism on stress resistance and immune functions in fish. Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildronate supplemented diet had lower immune enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions, but had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions. However, the oxidative stress-related biochemical indexes were not significantly affected by mildronate treatment. Taken together, inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia mainly through inhibiting immune functions and triggering inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of lipid catabolism on stress resistance and immune functions in fish. Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildronate supplemented diet had lower immune enzymes activities and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions, but had higher pro-inflammatory cytokine genes expressions. However, the oxidative stress-related biochemical indexes were not significantly affected by mildronate treatment. Taken together, inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia mainly through inhibiting immune functions and triggering inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of lipid catabolism on stress resistance and immune functions in fish. •Limited carnitine synthesis inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation and impaired stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia.•Inhibited mitochondrial FA β-oxidation impaired immune functions and triggered inflammation.•Lipid catabolism had regulatory effects on stress resistance and immune functions in fish.
Author	Degrace, Pascal Li, Ling-Yu Li, Jia-Min Wang, Wei-Li Li, Dong-Liang Du, Zhen-Yu Pan, Han Limbu, Samwel Mchele
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Keywords	Fatty acid β-oxidation Immune function Mildronate Nile tilapia l-carnitine Stress resistance
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Snippet	Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present...
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SubjectTerms	Aeromonas hydrophila Aeromonas hydrophila - physiology Ammonia - metabolism ammonium nitrogen Animal Feed Animals beta oxidation carnitine Carnitine - metabolism Cichlids - metabolism cytokines Diet Dietary Supplements energy metabolism Fatty acid β-oxidation fatty acids Fatty Acids - metabolism fish Fish Diseases - immunology Fish Diseases - microbiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - immunology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - veterinary Immune function immune response Immunology inflammation l-carnitine Life Sciences liver mammals Methylhydrazines - pharmacology Mildronate mitochondria Mitochondria - drug effects Nile tilapia Nitrogen - metabolism Oreochromis niloticus Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects Random Allocation Stress resistance stress tolerance Stress, Physiological - drug effects survival rate
Title	Inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation impairs stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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