Tobacco-specific nitrosamines: A literature review
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the post-harvest period, while a number are produced when a cigarette is burned. Considerable evidence supports the role of TSNA important causative facto...
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| Published in | Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 118; pp. 198 - 203 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2018
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the post-harvest period, while a number are produced when a cigarette is burned. Considerable evidence supports the role of TSNA important causative factors for cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and oral cavity in people who use tobacco products. Of the known TSNA, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most carcinogenic. Other TSNA include N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB). New tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes) designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health effects of tobacco have been appearing on the market. Several studies have reported that certain TSNA have been detected in the replacement liquids and vapour of e-cigarettes, but the levels are generally considerably lower than in tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, the FDA recently announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, cigar tobacco and pipe tobacco. With the rise of new technologies for reducing the use of tobacco products—such as e-cigarettes— to evaluate exposure levels to these harmful chemicals over time, researchers will be monitoring levels of TSNA in the body as a result of the use of these devices.
•Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several TSNA.•Evidence supports the role of TSNA as causative factors for many types of cancers.•TSNA are formed during post-harvest period, and when a cigarette is burned.•FDA announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, and tobacco products. |
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| AbstractList | Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the post-harvest period, while a number are produced when a cigarette is burned. Considerable evidence supports the role of TSNA important causative factors for cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and oral cavity in people who use tobacco products. Of the known TSNA, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most carcinogenic. Other TSNA include N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB). New tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes) designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health effects of tobacco have been appearing on the market. Several studies have reported that certain TSNA have been detected in the replacement liquids and vapour of e-cigarettes, but the levels are generally considerably lower than in tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, the FDA recently announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, cigar tobacco and pipe tobacco. With the rise of new technologies for reducing the use of tobacco products—such as e-cigarettes— to evaluate exposure levels to these harmful chemicals over time, researchers will be monitoring levels of TSNA in the body as a result of the use of these devices.
•Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several TSNA.•Evidence supports the role of TSNA as causative factors for many types of cancers.•TSNA are formed during post-harvest period, and when a cigarette is burned.•FDA announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, and tobacco products. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the post-harvest period, while a number are produced when a cigarette is burned. Considerable evidence supports the role of TSNA important causative factors for cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and oral cavity in people who use tobacco products. Of the known TSNA, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most carcinogenic. Other TSNA include N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB). New tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes) designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health effects of tobacco have been appearing on the market. Several studies have reported that certain TSNA have been detected in the replacement liquids and vapour of e-cigarettes, but the levels are generally considerably lower than in tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, the FDA recently announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, cigar tobacco and pipe tobacco. With the rise of new technologies for reducing the use of tobacco products-such as e-cigarettes- to evaluate exposure levels to these harmful chemicals over time, researchers will be monitoring levels of TSNA in the body as a result of the use of these devices.Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the post-harvest period, while a number are produced when a cigarette is burned. Considerable evidence supports the role of TSNA important causative factors for cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and oral cavity in people who use tobacco products. Of the known TSNA, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most carcinogenic. Other TSNA include N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB). New tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes) designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health effects of tobacco have been appearing on the market. Several studies have reported that certain TSNA have been detected in the replacement liquids and vapour of e-cigarettes, but the levels are generally considerably lower than in tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, the FDA recently announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, cigar tobacco and pipe tobacco. With the rise of new technologies for reducing the use of tobacco products-such as e-cigarettes- to evaluate exposure levels to these harmful chemicals over time, researchers will be monitoring levels of TSNA in the body as a result of the use of these devices. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the post-harvest period, while a number are produced when a cigarette is burned. Considerable evidence supports the role of TSNA important causative factors for cancers of the lung, pancreas, esophagus, and oral cavity in people who use tobacco products. Of the known TSNA, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most carcinogenic. Other TSNA include N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB). New tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes) designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health effects of tobacco have been appearing on the market. Several studies have reported that certain TSNA have been detected in the replacement liquids and vapour of e-cigarettes, but the levels are generally considerably lower than in tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, the FDA recently announced its intention to regulate TSNA in e-cigarettes, cigar tobacco and pipe tobacco. With the rise of new technologies for reducing the use of tobacco products-such as e-cigarettes- to evaluate exposure levels to these harmful chemicals over time, researchers will be monitoring levels of TSNA in the body as a result of the use of these devices. |
| Author | Dimakopoulou, Nektaria Lagoumintzis, George Makrynioti, Dimitra Fotopoulou, Foteini Drosos, Athanasios Zagoriti, Zoi Farsalinos, Konstantinos Niarchos, Athanasios Poulas, Konstantinos Konstantinou, Evangelia Kouretas, Dimitrios |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Evangelia surname: Konstantinou fullname: Konstantinou, Evangelia organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 2 givenname: Foteini surname: Fotopoulou fullname: Fotopoulou, Foteini organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 3 givenname: Athanasios surname: Drosos fullname: Drosos, Athanasios organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 4 givenname: Nektaria surname: Dimakopoulou fullname: Dimakopoulou, Nektaria organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 5 givenname: Zoi surname: Zagoriti fullname: Zagoriti, Zoi organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 6 givenname: Athanasios surname: Niarchos fullname: Niarchos, Athanasios organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 7 givenname: Dimitra surname: Makrynioti fullname: Makrynioti, Dimitra organization: Department of Optics & Optometry, School of Health and Caring Professions, University of Applied Sciences (T.E.I. of Western Greece), Patras, Greece – sequence: 8 givenname: Dimitrios surname: Kouretas fullname: Kouretas, Dimitrios organization: Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece – sequence: 9 givenname: Konstantinos surname: Farsalinos fullname: Farsalinos, Konstantinos organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 10 givenname: George surname: Lagoumintzis fullname: Lagoumintzis, George email: glagoum@upatras.gr organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece – sequence: 11 givenname: Konstantinos surname: Poulas fullname: Poulas, Konstantinos email: kpoulas@upatras.gr organization: Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29751076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, including several tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Most TSNA are formed in tobacco during the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Carcinogens - analysis Complex Mixtures - chemistry e-cigarette e-liquids Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Nitrosamines Nitrosamines - analysis Tobacco Tobacco Products |
| Title | Tobacco-specific nitrosamines: A literature review |
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