Assessing the fungal contamination and potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species on cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions of Ghana

Objective: This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species. Methods: A total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers...

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Published inScience progress (1916) Vol. 108; no. 1; p. 368504241311963
Main Authors Banahene, Joel Cox Menka, Ofosu, Isaac Williams, Lutterodt, Herman Erick, Ellis, William Otoo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.01.2025
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects
Aspergillus
Aspergillus - classification
Aspergillus - isolation & purification
Aspergillus - metabolism
Aspergillus niger
Biological control
Biology & Life Sciences
Cacao - chemistry
Cacao - microbiology
Chromatography
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Cocoa
Cocoa beans
Cocoa industry
Contamination
Food contamination
Food Contamination - analysis
Food Microbiology
Fungi
Ghana
High performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Malt
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Mycotoxins
Ochratoxin A
Ochratoxins - analysis
Public health
Species
Statistical analysis
Storage conditions
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Ghana
ochratoxigenic fungi
LCM/SMS
ochratoxin a
Ghana
Cocoa beans
HPLC
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Objective: This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species. Methods: A total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers for analysis. Fungal isolation was conducted using potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar media. Species-level identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Ochratoxin A (OTA) quantification and confirmation were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The investigation revealed 163 fungal isolates representing 14 distinct species across 10 genera. Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were predominant. No statistically significant differences in fungal species occurrence were observed among the different cocoa-growing regions. However, certain species exhibited preferential growth on specific media, emphasizing the importance of medium selection in mycological studies. Of the 14 fungal species tested, only Aspergillus niger demonstrated the ability to produce OTA in vitro, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Conclusion: This discovery holds substantial implications for both the cocoa industry and public health, considering that OTA is a potent mycotoxin subject to strict regulatory limits in food commodities. It is crucial to implement enhanced monitoring and control measures to mitigate fungal contamination in cocoa beans, particularly targeting OTA-producing species. The study also highlights the need for improved post-harvest handling practices, optimized storage conditions, and potential biocontrol approaches.
AbstractList This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species.OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species.A total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers for analysis. Fungal isolation was conducted using potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar media. Species-level identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Ochratoxin A (OTA) quantification and confirmation were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).METHODSA total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers for analysis. Fungal isolation was conducted using potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar media. Species-level identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Ochratoxin A (OTA) quantification and confirmation were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).The investigation revealed 163 fungal isolates representing 14 distinct species across 10 genera. Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were predominant. No statistically significant differences in fungal species occurrence were observed among the different cocoa-growing regions. However, certain species exhibited preferential growth on specific media, emphasizing the importance of medium selection in mycological studies. Of the 14 fungal species tested, only Aspergillus niger demonstrated the ability to produce OTA in vitro, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis.RESULTSThe investigation revealed 163 fungal isolates representing 14 distinct species across 10 genera. Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were predominant. No statistically significant differences in fungal species occurrence were observed among the different cocoa-growing regions. However, certain species exhibited preferential growth on specific media, emphasizing the importance of medium selection in mycological studies. Of the 14 fungal species tested, only Aspergillus niger demonstrated the ability to produce OTA in vitro, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis.This discovery holds substantial implications for both the cocoa industry and public health, considering that OTA is a potent mycotoxin subject to strict regulatory limits in food commodities. It is crucial to implement enhanced monitoring and control measures to mitigate fungal contamination in cocoa beans, particularly targeting OTA-producing species. The study also highlights the need for improved post-harvest handling practices, optimized storage conditions, and potential biocontrol approaches.CONCLUSIONThis discovery holds substantial implications for both the cocoa industry and public health, considering that OTA is a potent mycotoxin subject to strict regulatory limits in food commodities. It is crucial to implement enhanced monitoring and control measures to mitigate fungal contamination in cocoa beans, particularly targeting OTA-producing species. The study also highlights the need for improved post-harvest handling practices, optimized storage conditions, and potential biocontrol approaches.
Objective: This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species. Methods: A total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers for analysis. Fungal isolation was conducted using potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar media. Species-level identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Ochratoxin A (OTA) quantification and confirmation were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The investigation revealed 163 fungal isolates representing 14 distinct species across 10 genera. Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were predominant. No statistically significant differences in fungal species occurrence were observed among the different cocoa-growing regions. However, certain species exhibited preferential growth on specific media, emphasizing the importance of medium selection in mycological studies. Of the 14 fungal species tested, only Aspergillus niger demonstrated the ability to produce OTA in vitro, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Conclusion: This discovery holds substantial implications for both the cocoa industry and public health, considering that OTA is a potent mycotoxin subject to strict regulatory limits in food commodities. It is crucial to implement enhanced monitoring and control measures to mitigate fungal contamination in cocoa beans, particularly targeting OTA-producing species. The study also highlights the need for improved post-harvest handling practices, optimized storage conditions, and potential biocontrol approaches.
Objective: This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species. Methods: A total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers for analysis. Fungal isolation was conducted using potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar media. Species-level identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Ochratoxin A (OTA) quantification and confirmation were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The investigation revealed 163 fungal isolates representing 14 distinct species across 10 genera. Aspergillus species, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were predominant. No statistically significant differences in fungal species occurrence were observed among the different cocoa-growing regions. However, certain species exhibited preferential growth on specific media, emphasizing the importance of medium selection in mycological studies. Of the 14 fungal species tested, only Aspergillus niger demonstrated the ability to produce OTA in vitro, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Conclusion: This discovery holds substantial implications for both the cocoa industry and public health, considering that OTA is a potent mycotoxin subject to strict regulatory limits in food commodities. It is crucial to implement enhanced monitoring and control measures to mitigate fungal contamination in cocoa beans, particularly targeting OTA-producing species. The study also highlights the need for improved post-harvest handling practices, optimized storage conditions, and potential biocontrol approaches.
This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of ochratoxigenic species. A total of 104 fermented and dried cocoa beans were randomly collected from farmers for analysis. Fungal isolation was conducted using potato dextrose agar and malt extract agar media. Species-level identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Ochratoxin A (OTA) quantification and confirmation were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The investigation revealed 163 fungal isolates representing 14 distinct species across 10 genera. species, including , , , and , were predominant. No statistically significant differences in fungal species occurrence were observed among the different cocoa-growing regions. However, certain species exhibited preferential growth on specific media, emphasizing the importance of medium selection in mycological studies. Of the 14 fungal species tested, only demonstrated the ability to produce OTA , as confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis. This discovery holds substantial implications for both the cocoa industry and public health, considering that OTA is a potent mycotoxin subject to strict regulatory limits in food commodities. It is crucial to implement enhanced monitoring and control measures to mitigate fungal contamination in cocoa beans, particularly targeting OTA-producing species. The study also highlights the need for improved post-harvest handling practices, optimized storage conditions, and potential biocontrol approaches.
Author Ellis, William Otoo
Lutterodt, Herman Erick
Banahene, Joel Cox Menka
Ofosu, Isaac Williams
AuthorAffiliation 2 Research Department, Quality Control Company Limited – Ghana Cocoa Board, Tema – Greater Accra, Ghana
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, 98763 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi, Ghana
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Research Department, Quality Control Company Limited – Ghana Cocoa Board, Tema – Greater Accra, Ghana
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Keywords ochratoxigenic fungi
LCM/SMS
ochratoxin a
Ghana
Cocoa beans
HPLC
Language English
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Snippet Objective: This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the...
This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the potential impact...
Objective: This study investigated the fungal contamination profile of cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the...
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StartPage 368504241311963
SubjectTerms Aspergillus
Aspergillus - classification
Aspergillus - isolation & purification
Aspergillus - metabolism
Aspergillus niger
Biological control
Biology & Life Sciences
Cacao - chemistry
Cacao - microbiology
Chromatography
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Cocoa
Cocoa beans
Cocoa industry
Contamination
Food contamination
Food Contamination - analysis
Food Microbiology
Fungi
Ghana
High performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Malt
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Mycotoxins
Ochratoxin A
Ochratoxins - analysis
Public health
Species
Statistical analysis
Storage conditions
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Title Assessing the fungal contamination and potential impact of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species on cocoa beans from cocoa-growing regions of Ghana
URI https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00368504241311963
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39814079
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3184087573
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3156526268
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11736777
Volume 108
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