Protective effect of Codium fragile against UVB-induced pro-inflammatory and oxidative damages in HaCaT cells and BALB/c mice

• Published in: Fitoterapia Vol. 86; pp. 54 - 63
• Main Authors: Lee, Chan, Park, Gyu Hwan, Ahn, Eun Mi, Kim, Bo-Ae, Park, Chan-Ik, Jang, Jung-Hee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2013
• Subjects: acute exposure; animal models; Animals; Anti-inflammation; anti-inflammatory activity; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Antioxidant; antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; cell culture; Cell Line; Chlorophyta - chemistry; Clerosterol; Codiales; Codium; Codium fragile; Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors - pharmacology; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use; cytotoxicity; ethyl acetate; Humans; inducible nitric oxide synthase; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammation - etiology; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; irradiation; Keratinocytes - drug effects; Keratinocytes - metabolism; Keratinocytes - radiation effects; lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Male; methanol; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; necrosis; nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism; oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; prostaglandin synthase; prostaglandins; protective effect; Protein Carbonylation - drug effects; proteins; Radiation Injuries - drug therapy; Radiation Injuries - metabolism; Skin - cytology; Skin - drug effects; Skin - metabolism; Skin - radiation effects; Skin Diseases - drug therapy; Skin Diseases - etiology; Skin Diseases - metabolism; Steroids - isolation & purification; Steroids - pharmacology; Steroids - therapeutic use; topical application; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; Ultraviolet radiation; Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects; Ultraviolet radiation; Codium fragile; Clerosterol; Antioxidant; Anti-inflammation
• ISSN: 0367-326X; 1873-6971
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.020

Acute exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes pro-inflammatory responses via diverse mechanisms including oxidative stress. Codium fragile is a green alga of Codiales family and has been reported to exhibit anti-edema, anti-allergic, anti-protozoal and anti-mycobacterial activities. In this study, we have investigated a novel anti-inflammatory potential of C. fragile using in vitro cell culture as well as in vivo animal models. In HaCaT cells, buthanol and ethylacetate fractions of 80% methanol C. fragile extract (CFB or CFE) and a single compound, clerosterol (CLS) isolated from CFE attenuated UVB (60mJ/cm2)-induced cytotoxicity and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). Moreover, CFB, CFE and CLS effectively suppressed UVB-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). In another experiment, topical application of CFB, CFE or CLS prior to UVB irradiation (200mJ/cm2) on BALB/c mice, inhibited the UVB-elevated protein levels of COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-α. Furthermore, CFB, CFE and CLS suppressed oxidative damages caused by UVB irradiation for example lipid peroxidation and/or protein carbonylation, which seemed to be mediated by up-regulation of antioxidant defense enzymes. These results suggest that C. fragile could be an effective therapeutic agent providing protection against UVB-induced inflammatory and oxidative skin damages. [Display omitted]