Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review

Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and n...

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Published inAdvances in colloid and interface science Vol. 300; p. 102597
Main Authors Abid, Namra, Khan, Aqib Muhammad, Shujait, Sara, Chaudhary, Kainat, Ikram, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Haider, Junaid, Khan, Maaz, Khan, Qasim, Maqbool, Muhammad
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2022
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Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A nanostructured material may have been a good candidate in one application but could be more useful in a different application if synthesized by a different mechanism and technique. Similarly, the structure and morphology of a nanomaterial also depend upon the method of growth and synthesis. For example, it is easy to grow and synthesize amorphous nanostructured thin film using the plasma magnetron sputtering technique, but it may be difficult to obtain a similar structure using the thermal evaporation process due to the nature of the technique itself. In this study, the Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. Both approaches are critically analyzed, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of different nanomaterials, the advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are reported. This review also provides a step-by-step analysis of the choice of method for the synthesis of namomaterials for specific applications. [Display omitted] •The Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials.•Application oriented advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis and fabrication technique.•Factors affecting the synthesis and fabrication of nanomaterials in each technique.•Critical analysis and suitability of nanomaterials in various applications.
AbstractList Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A nanostructured material may have been a good candidate in one application but could be more useful in a different application if synthesized by a different mechanism and technique. Similarly, the structure and morphology of a nanomaterial also depend upon the method of growth and synthesis. For example, it is easy to grow and synthesize amorphous nanostructured thin film using the plasma magnetron sputtering technique, but it may be difficult to obtain a similar structure using the thermal evaporation process due to the nature of the technique itself. In this study, the Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. Both approaches are critically analyzed, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of different nanomaterials, the advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are reported. This review also provides a step-by-step analysis of the choice of method for the synthesis of namomaterials for specific applications. [Display omitted] •The Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials.•Application oriented advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis and fabrication technique.•Factors affecting the synthesis and fabrication of nanomaterials in each technique.•Critical analysis and suitability of nanomaterials in various applications.
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A nanostructured material may have been a good candidate in one application but could be more useful in a different application if synthesized by a different mechanism and technique. Similarly, the structure and morphology of a nanomaterial also depend upon the method of growth and synthesis. For example, it is easy to grow and synthesize amorphous nanostructured thin film using the plasma magnetron sputtering technique, but it may be difficult to obtain a similar structure using the thermal evaporation process due to the nature of the technique itself. In this study, the Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. Both approaches are critically analyzed, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of different nanomaterials, the advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are reported. This review also provides a step-by-step analysis of the choice of method for the synthesis of namomaterials for specific applications.
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A nanostructured material may have been a good candidate in one application but could be more useful in a different application if synthesized by a different mechanism and technique. Similarly, the structure and morphology of a nanomaterial also depend upon the method of growth and synthesis. For example, it is easy to grow and synthesize amorphous nanostructured thin film using the plasma magnetron sputtering technique, but it may be difficult to obtain a similar structure using the thermal evaporation process due to the nature of the technique itself. In this study, the Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. Both approaches are critically analyzed, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of different nanomaterials, the advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are reported. This review also provides a step-by-step analysis of the choice of method for the synthesis of namomaterials for specific applications.Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the dominant factors in the use of nanomaterials and their applications in various fields is the synthesis and growth mechanism of nanostructures and nanomaterials. A nanostructured material may have been a good candidate in one application but could be more useful in a different application if synthesized by a different mechanism and technique. Similarly, the structure and morphology of a nanomaterial also depend upon the method of growth and synthesis. For example, it is easy to grow and synthesize amorphous nanostructured thin film using the plasma magnetron sputtering technique, but it may be difficult to obtain a similar structure using the thermal evaporation process due to the nature of the technique itself. In this study, the Top-down and Bottom-up methods and techniques of synthesizing nanostructured materials are reviewed, compared, and analyzed. Both approaches are critically analyzed, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of different nanomaterials, the advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are reported. This review also provides a step-by-step analysis of the choice of method for the synthesis of namomaterials for specific applications.
ArticleNumber 102597
Author Abid, Namra
Shujait, Sara
Imran, Muhammad
Ikram, Muhammad
Khan, Maaz
Khan, Aqib Muhammad
Chaudhary, Kainat
Maqbool, Muhammad
Haider, Junaid
Khan, Qasim
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Namra
  surname: Abid
  fullname: Abid, Namra
  organization: Physics Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Aqib Muhammad
  surname: Khan
  fullname: Khan, Aqib Muhammad
  organization: Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Sara
  surname: Shujait
  fullname: Shujait, Sara
  organization: Physics Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kainat
  surname: Chaudhary
  fullname: Chaudhary, Kainat
  organization: Physics Department, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Muhammad
  surname: Ikram
  fullname: Ikram, Muhammad
  email: dr.muhammadikram@gcu.edu.pk
  organization: Solar Cell Application Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Muhammad
  surname: Imran
  fullname: Imran, Muhammad
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Engineering Centre for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Junaid
  surname: Haider
  fullname: Haider, Junaid
  organization: Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Maaz
  surname: Khan
  fullname: Khan, Maaz
  organization: Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad, Pakistan
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Qasim
  surname: Khan
  fullname: Khan, Qasim
  email: qasim@szu.edu.cn
  organization: Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Muhammad
  surname: Maqbool
  fullname: Maqbool, Muhammad
  email: mmaqbool@uab.edu
  organization: Department of Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, Health Physics Program, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34979471$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Nanomaterials
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Snippet Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields of the 21st Century. Many new devices and patentable technology is based on nanomaterials (NMs). One of the...
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SubjectTerms Bottom-up
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanotechnology
Synthesis
Top-down
Title Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102597
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34979471
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