Profiling ellagic acid content: The importance of form and ascorbic acid levels
As the importance of plant-based antioxidants to human health becomes clearer there is a rapidly expanding search for rich sources of these compounds. Much attention is currently focussed on the antioxidant potential of ellagic acid (EA). Making assessment difficult is that EA occurs in different fo...
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Published in | Food research international Vol. 66; pp. 100 - 106 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2014
Elsevier |
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Abstract | As the importance of plant-based antioxidants to human health becomes clearer there is a rapidly expanding search for rich sources of these compounds. Much attention is currently focussed on the antioxidant potential of ellagic acid (EA). Making assessment difficult is that EA occurs in different forms: free EA, EA glycosides and polymeric ellagitannins. The overall structure of these forms has a pronounced effect on their antioxidant efficiency and is responsible for widely differing reactivity, solubility and hence bioavailability properties. Often associated with EA is vitamin C which also contributes to the plant foods total antioxidant activity. Previous studies have suggested that ascorbic acid may have protective effects on the polyphenol content of plants. With a view to gaining evidence that the bioactive forms of vitamin C influence EA content, several fruits with a range of EA and vitamin C contents were examined. To facilitate a more detailed assessment of the selected fruits antioxidant potential the relative proportions of EA forms were also determined. In strawberries and boysenberries EA content was predominantly in the polymeric form (21% and 12% free EA plus EA glycoside vs total EA levels for strawberry and boysenberry respectively), while in Kakadu plum it was mainly in the free form (70% of total EA). An increasing percentage of dehydroascorbic acid (9 to 14% of total vitamin C) indicating enhanced transformation of ascorbic acid to its oxidative degradation product together with stable free EA levels (≈950mg/100g DW) over the 4month frozen storage period for the Kakadu plum samples are consistent with a possible protective effect of EA by ascorbic acid.
•Monitor/evaluate forms of the antioxidant ellagic acid in strawberries, boysenberries and Kakadu plum fruit•Measure the levels of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids in the three fruit•Evaluate changes/assess fluctuations in ellagic acid content and levels of bioactive vitamin C contents levels of whole Kakadu plum fruit on frozen storage•In strawberries and boysenberries EA content was predominantly in the polymeric form, while Kakadu plum was mainly in the free form.•Fluctuations in vitamin C levels of the stored Kakadu plums consistent with a protective effect of EA by the plants’ endogenous ascorbic acid. |
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AbstractList | As the importance of plant-based antioxidants to human health becomes clearer there is a rapidly expanding search for rich sources of these compounds. Much attention is currently focussed on the antioxidant potential of ellagic acid (EA). Making assessment difficult is that EA occurs in different forms: free EA, EA glycosides and polymeric ellagitannins. The overall structure of these forms has a pronounced effect on their antioxidant efficiency and is responsible for widely differing reactivity, solubility and hence bioavailability properties. Often associated with EA is vitamin C which also contributes to the plant foods total antioxidant activity. Previous studies have suggested that ascorbic acid may have protective effects on the polyphenol content of plants. With a view to gaining evidence that the bioactive forms of vitamin C influence EA content, several fruits with a range of EA and vitamin C contents were examined. To facilitate a more detailed assessment of the selected fruits antioxidant potential the relative proportions of EA forms were also determined. In strawberries and boysenberries EA content was predominantly in the polymeric form (21% and 12% free EA plus EA glycoside vs total EA levels for strawberry and boysenberry respectively), while in Kakadu plum it was mainly in the free form (70% of total EA). An increasing percentage of dehydroascorbic acid (9 to 14% of total vitamin C) indicating enhanced transformation of ascorbic acid to its oxidative degradation product together with stable free EA levels (≈950mg/100g DW) over the 4month frozen storage period for the Kakadu plum samples are consistent with a possible protective effect of EA by ascorbic acid.
•Monitor/evaluate forms of the antioxidant ellagic acid in strawberries, boysenberries and Kakadu plum fruit•Measure the levels of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids in the three fruit•Evaluate changes/assess fluctuations in ellagic acid content and levels of bioactive vitamin C contents levels of whole Kakadu plum fruit on frozen storage•In strawberries and boysenberries EA content was predominantly in the polymeric form, while Kakadu plum was mainly in the free form.•Fluctuations in vitamin C levels of the stored Kakadu plums consistent with a protective effect of EA by the plants’ endogenous ascorbic acid. As the importance of plant-based antioxidants to human health becomes clearer there is a rapidly expanding search for rich sources of these compounds. Much attention is currently focussed on the antioxidant potential of ellagic acid (EA). Making assessment difficult is that EA occurs in different forms: free EA, EA glycosides and polymeric ellagitannins. The overall structure of these forms has a pronounced effect on their antioxidant efficiency and is responsible for widely differing reactivity, solubility and hence bioavailability properties. Often associated with EA is vitamin C which also contributes to the plant foods total antioxidant activity. Previous studies have suggested that ascorbic acid may have protective effects on the polyphenol content of plants. With a view to gaining evidence that the bioactive forms of vitamin C influence EA content, several fruits with a range of EA and vitamin C contents were examined. To facilitate a more detailed assessment of the selected fruits antioxidant potential the relative proportions of EA forms were also determined. In strawberries and boysenberries EA content was predominantly in the polymeric form (21% and 12% free EA plus EA glycoside vs total EA levels for strawberry and boysenberry respectively), while in Kakadu plum it was mainly in the free form (70% of total EA). An increasing percentage of dehydroascorbic acid (9 to 14% of total vitamin C) indicating enhanced transformation of ascorbic acid to its oxidative degradation product together with stable free EA levels ( approximately 950 mg/100 g DW) over the 4 month frozen storage period for the Kakadu plum samples are consistent with a possible protective effect of EA by ascorbic acid. Abbreviations * AA, ascorbic acid * DHAA, dehydroascorbic acid * DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl * EA, ellagic acid * ET, ellagitannins * FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma * ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity |
Author | Edwards, David Chaliha, Mridusmita Williams, David J. Pun, Sharon Sultanbawa, Yasmina |
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Keywords | AA ORAC Ascorbic acid DPPH Boysenberry ET Dehydroascorbic acid Ellagic acid Strawberry Kakadu plum fruit FRAP DHAA EA Plum Fruit Vitamin |
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Snippet | As the importance of plant-based antioxidants to human health becomes clearer there is a rapidly expanding search for rich sources of these compounds. Much... |
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SubjectTerms | Antioxidants Ascorbic acid Assessments Biological and medical sciences Boysenberry Dehydroascorbic acid Ellagic acid Food industries Foods Fruits Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Kakadu plum fruit Plums Protective Strawberries Strawberry Vitamin C |
Title | Profiling ellagic acid content: The importance of form and ascorbic acid levels |
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