Effect of substrate temperature on structure and magnetic properties of Fe/C granular multilayers
[Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)] 10 granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray...
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Published in | Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics Vol. 26; no. 2; pp. 630 - 638 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
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Language | English |
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01.02.2015
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | [Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)]
10
granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic force microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Results show that the Fe/C granular multilayers films exhibit amorphous-like structure and the crystalline Fe particles are dispersed in an amorphous C matrix, namely, the Fe/C granular multilayers consisting of successive planes of nanosized Fe grains are separated by amorphous C along the growth direction. With the increase of substrate temperature from room temperature to 350 °C, Fe grain sizes increase from ~8.42 to ~9.59 nm, and Fe and C phases are separated completely at 350 °C. Magnetic measurements reveal that the coercivity and saturation magnetization of the Fe/C granular multilayers are strongly dependent on substrate temperature. The coercivity increases with the increase of substrate temperature, while the saturation magnetization decreases. It suggests that the enhanced coercivity can be attributed to the weakened inter-grain interaction because of the phase segregation and the increase in grain size, and the reduction of saturation magnetization is due to the diffusion of the C atoms to the surfaces of Fe particles. The magnetic domain percolation behavior cannot be observed in Fe/C granular multilayers since the Fe volume fraction is less than percolation threshold in our experiment. |
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AbstractList | [Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)] sub(10) granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic force microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Results show that the Fe/C granular multilayers films exhibit amorphous-like structure and the crystalline Fe particles are dispersed in an amorphous C matrix, namely, the Fe/C granular multilayers consisting of successive planes of nanosized Fe grains are separated by amorphous C along the growth direction. With the increase of substrate temperature from room temperature to 350 degree C, Fe grain sizes increase from ~8.42 to ~9.59 nm, and Fe and C phases are separated completely at 350 degree C. Magnetic measurements reveal that the coercivity and saturation magnetization of the Fe/C granular multilayers are strongly dependent on substrate temperature. The coercivity increases with the increase of substrate temperature, while the saturation magnetization decreases. It suggests that the enhanced coercivity can be attributed to the weakened inter-grain interaction because of the phase segregation and the increase in grain size, and the reduction of saturation magnetization is due to the diffusion of the C atoms to the surfaces of Fe particles. The magnetic domain percolation behavior cannot be observed in Fe/C granular multilayers since the Fe volume fraction is less than percolation threshold in our experiment. [Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)]^sub 10^ granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic force microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Results show that the Fe/C granular multilayers films exhibit amorphous-like structure and the crystalline Fe particles are dispersed in an amorphous C matrix, namely, the Fe/C granular multilayers consisting of successive planes of nanosized Fe grains are separated by amorphous C along the growth direction. With the increase of substrate temperature from room temperature to 350 °C, Fe grain sizes increase from ~8.42 to ~9.59 nm, and Fe and C phases are separated completely at 350 °C. Magnetic measurements reveal that the coercivity and saturation magnetization of the Fe/C granular multilayers are strongly dependent on substrate temperature. The coercivity increases with the increase of substrate temperature, while the saturation magnetization decreases. It suggests that the enhanced coercivity can be attributed to the weakened inter-grain interaction because of the phase segregation and the increase in grain size, and the reduction of saturation magnetization is due to the diffusion of the C atoms to the surfaces of Fe particles. The magnetic domain percolation behavior cannot be observed in Fe/C granular multilayers since the Fe volume fraction is less than percolation threshold in our experiment. [Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)] 10 granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic force microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Results show that the Fe/C granular multilayers films exhibit amorphous-like structure and the crystalline Fe particles are dispersed in an amorphous C matrix, namely, the Fe/C granular multilayers consisting of successive planes of nanosized Fe grains are separated by amorphous C along the growth direction. With the increase of substrate temperature from room temperature to 350 °C, Fe grain sizes increase from ~8.42 to ~9.59 nm, and Fe and C phases are separated completely at 350 °C. Magnetic measurements reveal that the coercivity and saturation magnetization of the Fe/C granular multilayers are strongly dependent on substrate temperature. The coercivity increases with the increase of substrate temperature, while the saturation magnetization decreases. It suggests that the enhanced coercivity can be attributed to the weakened inter-grain interaction because of the phase segregation and the increase in grain size, and the reduction of saturation magnetization is due to the diffusion of the C atoms to the surfaces of Fe particles. The magnetic domain percolation behavior cannot be observed in Fe/C granular multilayers since the Fe volume fraction is less than percolation threshold in our experiment. |
Author | Mo, Kang Xin Chen, Min He, Zhen Hui Chen, Di Hu Liu, Dong Zi |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kang Xin surname: Mo fullname: Mo, Kang Xin organization: State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University – sequence: 2 givenname: Dong Zi surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Dong Zi organization: State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhen Hui surname: He fullname: He, Zhen Hui organization: State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University – sequence: 4 givenname: Di Hu surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Di Hu organization: State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University – sequence: 5 givenname: Min surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Min email: stscm@mail.sysu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00685-3 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00908-8 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.045418 10.1063/1.3266010 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.05.016 10.1063/1.3298504 10.1016/S0304-8853(00)00371-1 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00389-0 10.1063/1.123372 10.1063/1.2953173 10.1063/1.126508 10.1088/0022-3727/36/19/013 10.1039/C0CE00328J 10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00391-5 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.11.095 10.1063/1.3057874 10.1016/j.physb.2003.09.244 10.1063/1.1850607 10.1063/1.372363 10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00200-0 10.1016/0925-9635(95)00363-0 10.1063/1.2715740 10.1063/1.2035886 10.1063/1.3093945 |
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Keywords | Substrate Temperature Magnetic Domain Saturation Magnetization High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope |
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granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic... [Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)]^sub 10^ granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic... [Fe (3 nm)/C (3 nm)] sub(10) granular multilayers were synthesized by alternately depositing iron and carbon at different substrate temperatures using magnetic... |
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SubjectTerms | Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Coercive force Coercivity Grain size Iron Magnetic properties Materials Science Multilayers Optical and Electronic Materials Phases Saturation (magnetic) |
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Title | Effect of substrate temperature on structure and magnetic properties of Fe/C granular multilayers |
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