Immune-Enhancing Effect of Heat-Treated Levilactobacillus brevis KU15159 in RAW 264.7 Cells

• Published in: Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 175 - 184
• Main Authors: Hwang, Chang-Hoon, Kim, Kee-Tae, Lee, Na‑Kyoung, Paik, Hyun‑Dong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.02.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Antibiotics; Applied Microbiology; Bacteria; Cell growth; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chemistry/Food Science; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Enzymes; Heat; Homeostasis; Hot Temperature; Humans; Immune system; Immunological tolerance; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Kinases; Levilactobacillus brevis; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocytes T; Macrophages; MAP kinase; Mice; Microbiology; Microbiota; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; mRNA; NF-kappa B - metabolism; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - genetics; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nutrition; Phagocytes; Probiotics; Protein kinase; Protein Science; Proteins; RAW 264.7 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Immune-enhancing; Probiotics; RAW 264.7 cell; MAPK signaling pathway; Levilactobacillus brevis
• ISSN: 1867-1306; 1867-1314
• DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09996-4

Probiotics are alive microbes that present beneficial to the human’s health. They influence immune responses through stimulating antibody production, activating T cells, and altering cytokine expression. The probiotic characteristics of Levilactobacillus brevis KU15159 were evaluated on the tolerance and adherence to gastrointestinal conditions. L. brevis KU15159 was safe in a view of producing various useful enzymes and antibiotic sensitivity. Heat-treated L. brevis KU15159 increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and phagocytic activity in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, heat-treated L. brevis KU15159 upregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, at protein as well as mRNA levels. In addition, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which regulates the immune system, was activated by heat-treated L. brevis KU15159. Therefore, L. brevis KU15159 exhibited an immune-enhancing effect by the MAPK pathway in macrophage.