Characterization of Ebola convalescent plasma donor immune response and psoralen treated plasma in the United States

• Published in: Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 60; no. 5; pp. 1024 - 1031
• Main Authors: Dean, Christina L., Hooper, Jay W., Dye, John M., Zak, Samantha E., Koepsell, Scott A., Corash, Laurence, Benjamin, Richard J., Kwilas, Steve, Bonds, Shannon, Winkler, Anne M., Kraft, Colleen S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2020; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Antibodies; Antigens; Blood & organ donations; Blood donors; Blood transfusion; Ebola virus; Ebolavirus; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Evaluation; Glycoproteins; Health risks; Health services; IgG antibody; Immune response; Immune system; Immunization; Immunization (passive); Immunoglobulin G; Infections; Neutralization; Neutralizing; Patients; Plasma; Psoralen; Reduction; Seroconversion; Transfusion; Viral diseases; Viruses
• DOI: 10.1111/trf.15739
• ISSN: 0041-1132; 1537-2995

BACKGROUND In 2014, passive immunization by transfusion of Ebola convalescent plasma (ECP) was considered for treating patients with acute Ebola virus disease (EVD). Early Ebola virus (EBOV) seroconversion confers a survival advantage in natural infection, hence transfusion of ECP plasma with high levels of neutralizing EBOV antibodies is a potential passive immune therapy. Techniques to reduce the risk of other transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) are warranted as recent ECP survivors are ineligible as routine blood donors. As part of an ongoing clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ECP, the impact of amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction technology (PRT) on EBOV antibody characteristics was examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serum and plasma samples were collected from EVD‐recovered subjects at multiple timepoints and evaluated by ELISA for antibodies to recombinant EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and irradiated whole EBOV antigen, as well as for EBOV microneutralization, classic plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and EBOV pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA) activity. RESULTS Six subjects donated 40 individual ECP units. Substantial antibody titers and neutralizing activity results were demonstrated but were generally lower for the ACD plasma samples compared to the serum samples. Anti‐EBOV titers by all assays remained essentially unchanged after PRT. CONCLUSION Treatment of ECP with PRT to reduce the risk of TTI did not significantly reduce EBOV IgG antibody titers or neutralizing activity. Although ECP was used in the treatment of repatriated patients, no PRT units from this study were transfused to EVD patients. This inventory of PRT‐treated ECP is currently available for future clinical evaluation.