Insulin resistance: Review of the underlying molecular mechanisms
Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin. Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways causes insulin resistance (IR). IR underpins many meta...
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| Published in | Journal of cellular physiology Vol. 234; no. 6; pp. 8152 - 8161 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.06.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin. Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways causes insulin resistance (IR). IR underpins many metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, impairments in insulin signaling disrupting entry of glucose into the adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Although the exact underlying cause of IR has not been fully elucidated, a number of major mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin receptor mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested. In this review, we consider the role these cellular mechanisms play in the development of IR. |
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| AbstractList | Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin. Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways causes insulin resistance (IR). IR underpins many metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, impairments in insulin signaling disrupting entry of glucose into the adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Although the exact underlying cause of IR has not been fully elucidated, a number of major mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin receptor mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested. In this review, we consider the role these cellular mechanisms play in the development of IR. Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin. Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways causes insulin resistance (IR). IR underpins many metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, impairments in insulin signaling disrupting entry of glucose into the adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Although the exact underlying cause of IR has not been fully elucidated, a number of major mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin receptor mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested. In this review, we consider the role these cellular mechanisms play in the development of IR.Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin. Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways causes insulin resistance (IR). IR underpins many metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, impairments in insulin signaling disrupting entry of glucose into the adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Although the exact underlying cause of IR has not been fully elucidated, a number of major mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin receptor mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested. In this review, we consider the role these cellular mechanisms play in the development of IR. Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin. Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways causes insulin resistance (IR). IR underpins many metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, impairments in insulin signaling disrupting entry of glucose into the adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. Although the exact underlying cause of IR has not been fully elucidated, a number of major mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin receptor mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested. In this review, we consider the role these cellular mechanisms play in the development of IR. |
| Author | Farrokhi, Farin Rashid Sahebkar, Amirhossein Butler, Alexandra E. Yaribeygi, Habib |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Habib orcidid: 0000-0002-1706-6212 surname: Yaribeygi fullname: Yaribeygi, Habib email: habib.yari@yahoo.com organization: Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Farin Rashid surname: Farrokhi fullname: Farrokhi, Farin Rashid organization: Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Alexandra E. surname: Butler fullname: Butler, Alexandra E. organization: Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute – sequence: 4 givenname: Amirhossein orcidid: 0000-0002-8656-1444 surname: Sahebkar fullname: Sahebkar, Amirhossein email: sahebkara@mums.ac.ir, amir_saheb2000@yahoo.com organization: School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30317615$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Insulin resistance: Review of the underlying molecular mechanisms |
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