Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Parkinson Disease: New Clinicobiological Insights from Multi‐Omics
Objective Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome...
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| Published in | Annals of neurology Vol. 89; no. 3; pp. 546 - 559 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken, USA
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.03.2021
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Objective
Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance.
Methods
Two hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Results
Fecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR‐based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR‐based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N‐oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability–gait disorder scores.
Interpretation
Gut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut–brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546–559 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | ObjectiveGut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance.MethodsTwo hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsFecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR‐based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR‐based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N‐oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability–gait disorder scores.InterpretationGut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut–brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546–559 Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance. Two hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR-based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR-based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N-oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability-gait disorder scores. Gut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut-brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546-559. Objective Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance. Methods Two hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results Fecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR‐based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR‐based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N‐oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability–gait disorder scores. Interpretation Gut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut–brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546–559 Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance.OBJECTIVEGut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which provide a functional readout of microbial activity, have scarcely been investigated. We investigated fecal microbiome and metabolome alterations in PD, and their clinical relevance.Two hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.METHODSTwo hundred subjects (104 patients, 96 controls) underwent extensive clinical phenotyping. Stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics were performed using two platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Fecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR-based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR-based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N-oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability-gait disorder scores.RESULTSFecal microbiome and metabolome composition in PD was significantly different from controls, with the largest effect size seen in NMR-based metabolome. Microbiome and NMR-based metabolome compositional differences remained significant after comprehensive confounder analyses. Differentially abundant fecal metabolite features and predicted functional changes in PD versus controls included bioactive molecules with putative neuroprotective effects (eg, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs], ubiquinones, and salicylate) and other compounds increasingly implicated in neurodegeneration (eg, ceramides, sphingosine, and trimethylamine N-oxide). In the PD group, cognitive impairment, low body mass index (BMI), frailty, constipation, and low physical activity were associated with fecal metabolome compositional differences. Notably, low SCFAs in PD were significantly associated with poorer cognition and low BMI. Lower butyrate levels correlated with worse postural instability-gait disorder scores.Gut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut-brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546-559.INTERPRETATIONGut microbial function is altered in PD, characterized by differentially abundant metabolic features that provide important biological insights into gut-brain pathophysiology. Their clinical relevance further supports a role for microbial metabolites as potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and therapies in PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:546-559. |
| Author | Teh, Cindy Shuan Ju Bowman, Jeff Lim, Shen‐Yang Loke, Mun Fai Kho, Mee Teck Yap, Ivan Kok Seng Yong, Hoi Sen Tan, Yong Qi Chong, Chun Wie Ang, Ban Hong Lang, Anthony E. Tan, Ai Huey Mahadeva, Sanjiv Tan, Jiun Yan Song, Sze‐Looi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ai Huey orcidid: 0000-0002-2979-3839 surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Ai Huey email: aihuey.tan@gmail.com organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 2 givenname: Chun Wie surname: Chong fullname: Chong, Chun Wie email: chong.chunwie@monash.edu organization: International Medical University – sequence: 3 givenname: Shen‐Yang surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Shen‐Yang organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 4 givenname: Ivan Kok Seng surname: Yap fullname: Yap, Ivan Kok Seng organization: Sarawak Research and Development Council – sequence: 5 givenname: Cindy Shuan Ju surname: Teh fullname: Teh, Cindy Shuan Ju organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 6 givenname: Mun Fai surname: Loke fullname: Loke, Mun Fai organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 7 givenname: Sze‐Looi surname: Song fullname: Song, Sze‐Looi organization: Xiamen University Malaysia – sequence: 8 givenname: Jiun Yan surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Jiun Yan organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 9 givenname: Ban Hong surname: Ang fullname: Ang, Ban Hong organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 10 givenname: Yong Qi surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Yong Qi organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 11 givenname: Mee Teck surname: Kho fullname: Kho, Mee Teck organization: International Medical University – sequence: 12 givenname: Jeff surname: Bowman fullname: Bowman, Jeff organization: University of California, San Diego – sequence: 13 givenname: Sanjiv surname: Mahadeva fullname: Mahadeva, Sanjiv organization: University Malaya – sequence: 14 givenname: Hoi Sen surname: Yong fullname: Yong, Hoi Sen organization: University of Malaya – sequence: 15 givenname: Anthony E. surname: Lang fullname: Lang, Anthony E. organization: Toronto Western Hospital |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33274480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2020 American Neurological Association 2020 American Neurological Association. 2021 American Neurological Association |
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| Snippet | Objective
Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal... Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which... ObjectiveGut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Biological activity Biomarkers Body mass Body mass index Body size Ceramides - metabolism Chromatography, Liquid Cognition Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - metabolism Cognitive Dysfunction - microbiology Constipation Constipation - metabolism Constipation - microbiology Environmental changes Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism Fecal microflora Feces Feces - chemistry Female Frailty - metabolism Frailty - microbiology Gait Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics Gene sequencing Humans Intestinal microflora Liquid chromatography Male Mass Spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Metabolites Metabolomics Methylamines - metabolism Microbial activity Microbiomes Microorganisms Middle Aged Movement disorders Neurodegeneration Neurodegenerative diseases Neuroprotection NMR NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance Parkinson Disease - metabolism Parkinson Disease - microbiology Parkinson's disease Phenotyping Physical activity Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Salicylates - metabolism Salicylic acid Sedentary Behavior Sphingosine - metabolism Thinness - metabolism Thinness - microbiology Trimethylamine Ubiquinone - metabolism |
| Title | Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Parkinson Disease: New Clinicobiological Insights from Multi‐Omics |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fana.25982 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33274480 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2490442705 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2467615862 |
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