Cyclooxygenase‐2 in cancer: A review

• Published in: Journal of cellular physiology Vol. 234; no. 5; pp. 5683 - 5699
• Main Authors: Hashemi Goradel, Nasser, Najafi, Masoud, Salehi, Eniseh, Farhood, Bagher, Mortezaee, Keywan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2019
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Apoptosis; Cancer; cancer cell; Cancer therapies; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts - drug effects; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts - enzymology; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts - pathology; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Cell proliferation; Chemotherapy; COX-2 inhibitors; COX‐2; Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Drug resistance; Epidermal growth factor; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Fibroblasts; Growth factors; Hormones; Humans; Hypoxia; Kinases; Macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - enzymology; Macrophages - pathology; MAP kinase; Metabolites; Metastases; Metastasis; Modulators; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - enzymology; Neoplasms - pathology; Neoplastic Stem Cells - drug effects; Neoplastic Stem Cells - enzymology; Neoplastic Stem Cells - pathology; NF‐κβ; prostaglandin; Prostaglandin E2; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase; Protein kinase; Proteins; Radiation therapy; Signal Transduction; Stem cells; Tumor Microenvironment; Yes-associated protein; NF-κβ; cancer cell; COX-2; prostaglandin

Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. COX‐2 is released by cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) ce...