Distributed cooperative secondary frequency control for power system penetrated with renewable energy sources and energy storage with communication time delays

• Published in: International journal of electrical power & energy systems Vol. 164; p. 110411
• Main Authors: Zhang, Runfan, Ren, Xinyi, Liu, Zixuan, Bie, Zhaohong, Chen, Chen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2025; Elsevier
• Subjects: Battery energy storage; Distributed cooperative control; Renewable energy sources; Secondary frequency control; Time-delay; Renewable energy sources; Secondary frequency control; Time-delay; Battery energy storage; Distributed cooperative control

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems presents frequency stability challenges, as power electronic-connected sources like photovoltaics and batteries inherently provide limited inertia and damping for frequency regulation. To address this issue, this paper proposes...