Distributed cooperative secondary frequency control for power system penetrated with renewable energy sources and energy storage with communication time delays
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems presents frequency stability challenges, as power electronic-connected sources like photovoltaics and batteries inherently provide limited inertia and damping for frequency regulation. To address this issue, this paper proposes...
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| Published in | International journal of electrical power & energy systems Vol. 164; p. 110411 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2025
Elsevier |
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| Abstract | The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems presents frequency stability challenges, as power electronic-connected sources like photovoltaics and batteries inherently provide limited inertia and damping for frequency regulation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributed cooperative control method for secondary frequency regulation. Additionally, it achieves economic dispatch among generators and proportional power sharing among renewable energy sources. The proposed control system enables photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems to actively manage frequency in conjunction with power generators. It operates using a sparse communication network that mirrors the topology of the power network. Moreover, the cooperative control method can tolerate communication time delays while maintaining a stable frequency response. The frequency stability of the proposed control system, both with and without time delays, is assured through Lyapunov methods and eigenvalue analysis. Validation is performed on a modified IEEE 14-bus system with integrated photovoltaics and batteries, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed secondary frequency control.
•The frequency stability is enhanced with reduced fluctuations and shortened transient periods.•This frequency control relies on a sparse network with minimized costs and enhanced resilience.•Stability of the frequency control is maintained both with and without communication time delays. |
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| AbstractList | The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems presents frequency stability challenges, as power electronic-connected sources like photovoltaics and batteries inherently provide limited inertia and damping for frequency regulation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributed cooperative control method for secondary frequency regulation. Additionally, it achieves economic dispatch among generators and proportional power sharing among renewable energy sources. The proposed control system enables photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems to actively manage frequency in conjunction with power generators. It operates using a sparse communication network that mirrors the topology of the power network. Moreover, the cooperative control method can tolerate communication time delays while maintaining a stable frequency response. The frequency stability of the proposed control system, both with and without time delays, is assured through Lyapunov methods and eigenvalue analysis. Validation is performed on a modified IEEE 14-bus system with integrated photovoltaics and batteries, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed secondary frequency control. The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems presents frequency stability challenges, as power electronic-connected sources like photovoltaics and batteries inherently provide limited inertia and damping for frequency regulation. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributed cooperative control method for secondary frequency regulation. Additionally, it achieves economic dispatch among generators and proportional power sharing among renewable energy sources. The proposed control system enables photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems to actively manage frequency in conjunction with power generators. It operates using a sparse communication network that mirrors the topology of the power network. Moreover, the cooperative control method can tolerate communication time delays while maintaining a stable frequency response. The frequency stability of the proposed control system, both with and without time delays, is assured through Lyapunov methods and eigenvalue analysis. Validation is performed on a modified IEEE 14-bus system with integrated photovoltaics and batteries, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed secondary frequency control. •The frequency stability is enhanced with reduced fluctuations and shortened transient periods.•This frequency control relies on a sparse network with minimized costs and enhanced resilience.•Stability of the frequency control is maintained both with and without communication time delays. |
| ArticleNumber | 110411 |
| Author | Ren, Xinyi Chen, Chen Zhang, Runfan Liu, Zixuan Bie, Zhaohong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Runfan orcidid: 0000-0002-4696-6260 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Runfan email: r.zhang@xjtu.edu.cn – sequence: 2 givenname: Xinyi surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Xinyi – sequence: 3 givenname: Zixuan surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Zixuan – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhaohong surname: Bie fullname: Bie, Zhaohong – sequence: 5 givenname: Chen surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Chen |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.005 10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109105 10.1109/JSYST.2020.3037341 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110031 10.1109/TSG.2021.3062391 10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3277997 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106997 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2896594 10.1109/TCNS.2015.2459451 10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109308 10.1109/TCST.2021.3061556 10.1109/TSTE.2020.2995101 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2995339 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120294 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000154 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106642 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2980883 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000847 10.1109/TSTE.2021.3091976 10.1049/esi2.12030 10.1109/TSG.2021.3052303 10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3240462 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000918 10.1109/JETCAS.2022.3152063 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107437 10.1109/TCYB.2022.3140463 |
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| Keywords | Renewable energy sources Secondary frequency control Time-delay Battery energy storage Distributed cooperative control |
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| SubjectTerms | Battery energy storage Distributed cooperative control Renewable energy sources Secondary frequency control Time-delay |
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| Title | Distributed cooperative secondary frequency control for power system penetrated with renewable energy sources and energy storage with communication time delays |
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